51 pages • 1 hour read
Isabel AllendeA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
The narrator observes Azucena and Rolf’s situations through the local news media. Though these broadcasts allow her to reach greater intimacy with her lover, they also construct a sensationalized, shallow impression of the tragedy itself: “[R]eporters selected scenes with [the] most impact for the news report” (Paragraph 16). The narrator and, by extension, the reader are very susceptible to this sensationalizing. Eva Luna’s descriptions of the disaster, based on her own impression of the biased media images, tend towards a movie-like graphicness that omits the specific names, faces, and personal stories of those affected: “[Rolf] was up to his knees […] in the bedlam of lost children, wounded survivors, corpses, and devastation” (Paragraph 5). Although her sympathy for Azucena stands somewhat counter to such media images of undifferentiated devastation, the fact that it primarily occurs through Rolf means that it is not truly specific or personal; the narrator primarily regards Azucena as a symbol of tragedy, a resigned sufferer, and ultimately a springboard for Rolf’s own emotional reckoning with his past.
It is Rolf’s personal relationship with Azucena that serves as a legitimate foil for the media’s treatment of the tragedy and the young girl. This is because Rolf’s connection to Azucena acknowledges her humanity through conversation, humor, and shared sentiment, offering a more robust impression of Azucena’s individual personality than the general media relays to the masses. Additionally, the depiction of particular members of the media stands as an example of zoomorphism, as their descent onto the corpse-loaded mud to reap benefit from the misfortune of the fallen recalls the behavior of scavengers: “[M]ore television and movie teams arrived with spools of cable, tapes, films, videos, precision lenses, recorders, sound consoles, lights, reflecting screens, auxiliary motors, cartons of supplies, electricians, sound technicians, and cameramen” (Paragraph 21).
The pump first emerges as a red herring that gestures towards Azucena’s potential survival. Rolf first mentions it after he has exhausted all other options for pulling Azucena free, deepening his characterization as wholeheartedly tenacious. That he develops this plan means that he is inextricably emotionally linked to its success or failure. This further contextualizes the guilt that Rolf experiences at the end of the story, when, as the narrator notes, he often stares into the distance and appears to be “looking for something [he] could have done to save [Azucena]” (Paragraph 25).
The pump, if it had arrived in time, might have also functioned as a means for combatting mortality, as rescuers would have undoubtedly used it to attempt to save Azucena, but it could have also functioned as a tool that put mortality on macabre display by exposing the buried corpses. Such duality mirrors the natural world’s ability to both sustain and destroy life, furthering the overlap between humanity (as exemplified by the pump, a piece of manmade technology) and nature.
Just as the pump characterizes Rolf, so too does it offer more insight into Azucena’s demeanor as her ordeal persists. When Rolf tells her that they are getting the pump to rescue her, but that it has been delayed, Azucena does not even acknowledge the pump itself. She entreats Rolf to remain with her: “‘[D]on’t leave me,’ she begged” (Paragraph 13). Though Rolf is preoccupied with preserving Azucena’s literal life, Azucena’s desperate plea reveals her own bid, conscious or not, to preserve her humanity by keeping close the one dependable source of human connection she has had since her family perished. For Azucena, the pump is less important than the humanity-affirming friendship she has found with Rolf.
The mud is an impromptu graveyard: a festering proof of the mortality that all organic life forms share. It first appears as a mudslide, indiscriminately leveling all living beings in its path to the same fate; regardless of how well the villagers got along with the natural environment that surrounded them in life, they are joined with it in death in a reminder of their animal nature. The fact that the mud appears to be a shapeless, disembodied amalgam from above likewise suggests that it is the raw material—the “clay”—from which all life originates.
Because of the bodies within it, the governor consecrates the mud as holy ground, making it not only a de facto cemetery but also a touchstone for the souls and memories of those it entombs. This furthers the narrative’s preoccupation with rebirth, as in religious terms, those who are consecrated during or after suffering experience a cleansing that brings them closer to a higher power. Additionally, the mud represents the concretized, stalled time found only in death. This proves ironic, considering how desperately Rolf attempts to stall time in life in order to snatch Azucena from the ground before she disappears beneath the dirt.
By Isabel Allende