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58 pages 1 hour read

Mary Jane Auch

Ashes Of Roses

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2002

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Chapters 27-32Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 27 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide contains graphic descriptions of multiple violent deaths due to fire and falling.

On Saturday, Rose puts on her “ashes of roses” dress, the nicest dress she has, because she plans to go to the nickelodeon with Klein, Bellini, and Maureen after work. Gussie, who never used to work on Saturdays, also goes to the factory to make up for her pay cut. Gussie also suggests that they go to Coney Island in the summer to have fun, which surprises Rose. She arranges for Maureen to meet her at the ninth-floor dressing room after work. At the end of the day, a woman hands out envelopes with the workers’ pay. It takes Rose a long time to exit because the tables run all the way to the walls and the workers have to open their bags for inspection before leaving, thus clogging the only exit.

As Rose waits for her turn, she hears a scream and see flames outside the window. The workers panic, pushing violently and screaming. Rose hides under a table with a girl who fell and realizes that the girl has been trampled to death. Gussie pulls her out and slaps her back to action, hauling her toward the exit, but when Gussie sees an old woman up on a table, afraid to move, she goes back to help her, telling Rose to keep going. When Rose’s hair catches on fire, a machinist dumps a bucket of water on her and pulls her to a door, but it is locked. Klein and Bellini find her and state that the windows are the only way out. They are on the ninth floor. Down below, some men hold out blankets as nets to catch the jumping women, but they cannot hold onto the blanket when the first woman hits it, and she dies. When the fire department arrives, they send up a ladder, but it only reaches to a few floors below them, so they bring out their large safety nets. Rose watches as woman after woman tries to leap to safety but ends up dying by missing the ladder, bouncing hard off the net, or breaking right through it. Three girls hold hands and jump out together. They break through the sidewalk. Rose starts to back away from the windows. Klein says they should die together but not in the fire, though Bellini shakes her head and sobs. Klein and Bellini either fall or jump out the window; Rose is not sure which.

Chapter 28 Summary

The fire divides the room into the window side and the elevator side. Rose realizes that she will die if she doesn’t run through the flames. Finding a bucket with water in it, she douses herself and pulls her wet skirts up over her head, then runs through the flames. A crowd of girls is by the elevator, which has just gone down. A girl next to Rose falls into the elevator shaft and lands on her head on top the elevator. Rose realizes that with the fire on the floor below, this will be the elevator’s last trip. She jumps into the elevator shaft and grabs the cable to slide herself down to the top of the elevator. As she rides down, other girls who have caught fire fall into the shaft, landing on top of the elevator. Rose realizes that she doesn’t know where Maureen is.

Chapter 29 Summary

Rose must hold onto a dead girl to keep from falling when her skirt gets caught in an elevator door. When the elevator stops, firemen in the lobby help her out and prevent her from running up the stairs to find Maureen. At the entrance of the building, a fireman halts Rose for a moment because girls are stilling dropping to the pavement from the floors above. When she runs out, she sees that the top three floors of the building are on fire. The horses that pull the fire wagons are spooked by all the blood running in the streets. Rose sees piles of bodies as she runs through the crowded streets and Washington Square, trying to find Maureen. Rose returns home, hoping that Maureen will there, but their lodgings are empty. She feels guilty about Maureen’s presence in the factory and then realizes that she has no idea whether Gussie made it out safely. She goes back to the scene of the fire and is joined by the friends and family members of other Triangle workers who are also searching for their loved ones. The police hold everyone back. Rose forces herself to look at the pile of bodies. She thinks she sees Klein’s new suit, but it is another girl. As a police officer guides her away, telling her there will be a morgue set up for people to identify the victims, Rose steps on a hat. She clutches it and sobs, realizing that it is Bellini’s.

Chapter 30 Summary

Rose watches as fireman load corpses onto a canvas tarp. Wagons bring in dozens of caskets, and searchlights are brought in to help firemen locate all the victims, whom they lower to the ground via hooks on cables. A police officer gathers the personal items that fall from the victims. At eight o’clock, an ambulance leaves with a man who was found alive under an elevator in the basement. The Edison Company strings up lights on the street and on every floor of the building. Rose hears a burglar alarm sound in the building, but no one turns it off. She follows people to the Mercer Street Police Station, but an officer there says that the bodies have been taken to a morgue on a pier. An officer allows Rose to look through the personal articles of the victims to see if she can identify anything. She sees a scrap of her own dress, which was torn in the elevator door. Bertha and Esther, two women she met on her first day, come into the station, and she asks if they know where Maureen went. Esther tells her that the fire started in front of them on the eighth floor. Esther believes that all the girls escaped, but the men on the floor stayed to fight the fire. Rose’s guilt increases when she learns that if Maureen had left the building like she had wanted to instead of going up to meet Rose on the ninth floor, she would have been safe. Rose returns to the fire scene, yelling Maureen’s name. She hears someone call her name but then sees that it is a complete stranger. They both cry in disappointment. Climbing on a bench, she sees a young girl leading an old man and realizes that it is Maureen and Mr. Garoff. Maureen explains that she escaped by going to the roof. University students from the neighboring building put a ladder across to the roof of Triangle. Though Rose tries to console Mr. Garoff, he believes that Gussie is dead.

Chapter 31 Summary

Not wanting to leave Mr. Garoff, Rose and Maureen accompany him to the morgue where officers are holding back the crowds. People wail and scream all around them as wagons bring in more bodies. The officers will allow people to enter the morgue at midnight. As they wait, officers call out names or other identifiers of victims to see if their family is there. Rose has a moment of fear when an officer asks about a woman with a ring that has the initials G. G. on it, but Mr. Garoff says that Gussie did not have jewelry. Inside the morgue, the bodies are in open pine coffins with their heads tilted up. Soon, Rose recognizes two girls from her floor, one of whom had recently gotten engaged. Then they see the bodies of Bellini and Klein. She gives their names to the officer but forgets the streets on which they live. Rose nearly faints, but the officer catches her, and Mr. Garoff supports her. The bodies further back in the morgue are in worse condition. Maureen spies a body with shoes that she recognizes as Gussie’s. Her face is burned beyond recognition, but the steel plate on her shoe identifies her. Two men rush over to assist Mr. Garoff, speaking in Yiddish. With Mr. Garoff taken care of, Rose grabs Maureen’s hand and rushes out of the building to the edge of the pier, where she vomits. Maureen asks what they are going to do. She points out that Ma and Da will never return because Ma hated being in America. They know that Uncle Patrick will help them, whether they decide to stay or go back to Ireland. As they walk home, Maureen states that she thinks they should stay in America because they have just survived what is likely to be the worst day of their lives, so things cannot get much worse.

Chapter 32 Summary

At the apartment, Mr. Garoff is with the two men from the morgue and an older woman. The woman, Leah, gives the girls tea and bread. Mr. Garoff takes hold of Rose’s hand. Leah explains that they are making plans for Gussie’s funeral. Rose is initially afraid of going to sleep because she fears the nightmares she might have, but Leah sings a Yiddish song and stays until they drop off to sleep. Leah is still there the next morning. She explains that she and the two men are members of the same synagogue as Mr. Garoff. When she learns that Rose has burns on her hands and the backs of her legs, she hurries to put salve and bandages on them. Mr. Garoff plans to return to Russia, with the Women’s Trade Union League paying for his passage and Gussie’s funeral.

When Rose and Maureen walk through the neighborhood, they see a few funeral processions, as well as flowers on the doors of victims’ houses. They walk back to the Triangle factory and see Jacob in a crowd. He hugs them and says that 146 people died in the fire. He also tells her that he had asked Gussie to marry him, but she kept telling him to wait. Just then, three buses of laughing young people arrive to view the scene of the tragedy for entertainment. A vendor is selling what he claims are personal items from the fire victims. Rose knocks the tray of items out of his hand, and Jacob roughs the vendor up when he threatens to strike Rose. One of the woman spectators starts laughing at Jacob. Rose yells that her shirtwaist was made by a dead girl. She then asks Jacob where Gussie’s union headquarters is, and he takes her to the Waistmakers Local 25, which is entirely draped in black. As Rose watches the families of the fire victims come and go from the union hall, she thinks about her next steps. With Mr. Garoff returning to Russia, they need to find a new place to live. They need to contact Uncle Patrick for help and write a letter to their parents, as news of the fire will probably reach them soon. Rose vows that when she gets a job, she will join the union and work in the union shop. For the memories of Gussie, Klein, and Bellini, Rose resolves to tell the story of what happened at the Triangle Shirtwaist Company.

Chapters 27-32 Analysis

As these final chapters accelerate toward the fateful day of the fire, the author describes an array of lighthearted experiences and hopes for the future to heighten the intensity of the tragedy and loss that the characters will soon experience. To further emphasize the contrast between the relatively carefree present and the deadly conflagration that awaits, the author uses the imagery of spring and new beginnings to invoke an optimistic world in which “[e]verything seems to come to life again” (200). As Gussie looks forward to future adventures at Coney Island in the summer and Rose excitedly anticipates her first wages and an evening at the nickelodeon, no one suspects the horrific landscape of death and destruction that will soon confront them. However, the author does invoke one last ironic form of foreshadowing with Rose’s decision to don her “ashes of roses” dress, for although it is the nicest thing she owns, it also creates a prophetic overtone, given that several women named Rose will die in the fire.

The author’s skill at weaving seemingly insignificant details into the narrative also becomes apparent as those details prove to be of vital importance once the flames begin to spread. For example, when Rose starts working at Triangle, other workers warn her to be on time in the morning and after lunch because the doors are locked, and this information highlights the criminal negligence of the factory owners as Rose and a machinist realize that the locked doors also prevent them from escaping the fire. Similarly, the company protocol of checking the women’s bags for stolen fabric slows everyone’s exit and ultimately increases the death toll, rendering Gussie’s words about overcrowded working conditions all the more impactful. Without this pointless anti-theft measure, more women might have been able to leave the building before the fire. However, the crowded conditions result in pushing and shoving that causes people to get trampled or to fall into the elevator shafts or out the windows. In the midst of her harrowing escape, Rose lives up to the author’s early depictions of her as a brave person who is willing to take calculated risks, for just as she was once courageous enough to use the boys’ swing rope in Limerick, she risks a nine-story plummet when she leaps into the elevator shaft as a last resort. Although her gamble pays off, Rose also recalls the time on Uncle Patrick’s fire escape when Maureen stated that “she would never jump, not even from the lowest platform of a fire escape” (215), and while Rose is relieved to know that she will not find Maureen among the piles of bodies of the women who jumped, she worries Maureen might fail to take calculated chances to escape.

In a classic example of survivor’s guilt, Rose finds multiple ways to blame herself for the possible deaths of her friends and family, and she torments herself with thoughts of what she should have done differently. As she wonders, “Why hadn’t I thought of Maureen in the fire? Was she in one of those crowds I had pushed through? Had I shoved my own sister aside to save myself?” (216), her frantic thoughts also reveal her certainty that she is a “terrible person” (216) for hanging onto the window instead of helping Klein and Bellini. Later, as Rose unburdens her guilt over Gussie to Jacob, he restores a measure of perspective by reassuring her with the assertion that “Gussie never did anything she didn’t want to do. […] You had nothing to do with her death” (241). As Rose gradually finds a way to forgive herself for contributing to situations that put her friend in the wrong place at the time of the fire, the theme of the labor unions and the ongoing fight for better conditions once again comes to the forefront of the narrative, and Rose channels her feelings of guilt into a renewed determination, stating, “The fire had changed me. Like a piece of iron in a blacksmith’s forge, I had come out reshaped, stronger” (245). As part of that sentiment, she resolves to work in a union shop, keep Maureen in school, and speak out about the Triangle Shirtwaist fire to honor those who died there. Just as she is reshaped by the tragedy, so too will she work to reshape the conditions in her new country, even if it is just person by person. Ultimately, surviving the traumatic fire forces Rose to look beyond herself and find ways to make a difference in the world.

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