56 pages • 1 hour read
Justin TorresA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Nene’s golden crucifix necklace, which he believes to have been Juan’s, represents both conscious and subconscious concerns. In the present, Nene notices the crucifix’s absence: After 10 years of wearing it, he cannot remember when it disappeared. He doesn’t remember acquiring the crucifix, either, having found it in his effects after leaving the psychiatric hospital. The crucifix reappears days after Nene escapes a mugging, reinforcing it as a religious symbol that casts Juan as a guardian: The crucifix appears when Juan is no longer present to look out for Nene, but disappears when Juan reenters his life.
Juan frames the crucifix as a “fetish”—which can either denote an object of reverence or a specific sexual preference—reinforcing it as a symbol of Nene’s conflicted feelings about his sexuality. He recalls staring at a crucifix in a moment of sexual awakening, while he was inconveniently among extended family. The crucifix—associated with the desexualized body of Jesus Christ—serves as a distraction from a new arrival, a “beautiful” man whom Nene “should not” stare at. Nene’s loss of the crucifix as he reunites with Juan and learns about queer history thus represents a shedding of this shame.
Nene’s flooding of his landlady’s apartment mirrors the biblical flood, wherein the world had to be destroyed to bring forth a better one. This reading of the flood casts Nene as divine, even if his divinity is only accessible through blackouts. The timeline of the flood is unclear, but Juan suggests it was the incident (or at least, one of the incidents) that led to Nene being committed to a psychiatric hospital. Water’s capacity to destroy in order to wash away the bad, thus leaving room for the good, allows Nene to assume Juan’s role as a safekeeper of queer histories. Juan makes several biblical references throughout Blackouts, one of them being his reframing of Lot’s wife: He commends her for daring to look at the “sublime” destruction of Sodom despite God’s warning, this story mirroring Nene’s ability to face destruction and come out stronger.
The novel’s titular symbol refers to both Nene’s dissociative episodes and various redactions of multimodal elements. Despite Nene’s blackouts, he is the more lucid character between him and Juan. Nene rarely sleeps, instead watching over Juan night and day. His blackouts emerge as a consequence of an unaccepting world, but with Juan, he does not need respite from his own mind. The novel’s excerpts, photographs, and images of other art forms are frequently redacted, with faces anonymized. Though the anonymization of the Sex Variants: A Study of Homosexual Patterns Variants participants is framed as dehumanization, other redactions are transformative art: For example, an anti-gay medical document is blacked out into poems celebrating queer life in Part 3.