79 pages • 2 hours read
Sharon M. DraperA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.
Although Izzy would like to think that since her father moved back to Cincinnati, her parents might be getting along better, she overhears heated telephone conversations about the amount of time she is spending with each parent. That indicates to her significant “territorial” issues. She is aware of the differences between her parents and the lifestyles their homes offer her.
Under her father’s direction, to prepare Izzy for an upcoming piano recital, Izzy begins piano lessons with an accomplished and formidable pianist, Madame Rubenstein, from the Music Conservatory at the University of Cincinnati. The sessions are rigorous, the practice schedule demanding. Izzy, however, responds enthusiastically.
In school, Izzy’s English/history teacher, Mr. Kazilly, introduces the class to the difficult subject of school shootings to encourage the students to think about the responsibility they have to protest for safe schools. He connects the discussion to the civil rights movement and the importance of protest to achieve social justice. When the discussion turns to the darker moments in America’s long and difficult struggle to accord Black people civil rights, one white student, Logan Lindquist, makes a snide remark about lynching, suggesting it is something harmless that he has seen in dozens of Westerns. Izzy’s friend Imani is incensed, and she immediately tells Mr. Kazilly about Logan’s insensitive remark. The smirking Logan is summarily given detention.
Two days later, however, Imani is shocked to find a noose dangling from the coat hook inside her gym locker. The noose upends the school. Izzy is unsure how to react. No one is sure who did it, but Logan is the prime suspect. The students with access to the gym are interrogated. Izzy is asked a battery of questions about Imani, her friends, her family, and even websites Izzy herself visits. Students are sent home until the perpetrator can be identified. Izzy’s phone blows up with messages from her friends about the noose. Izzy asks her father what the noose means, and he explains to her how the noose is a “horrible symbol of hate” for Black people (86). She is confused about how she should feel: “Do you think people think I’m Black or white when they see me? Am I Black? Or white” (90). “Yes” is all he replies.
When Izzy returns to her mother’s house for her week there, John Mark confesses to her that he grew up in a family of racists who denigrated Black people, Jewish people, and “basically, anybody who wasn’t white” (94). Indeed, with his pick-up truck, his blue-collar job, his minimal education, his mess of tattoos, and his love of country music, he would seem to embody a redneck. He assures Izzy, however, in tears, with his voice breaking, that he rejected that racist mentality long ago.
When school resumes, Mr. Kazilly’s class is allowed to decorate the entire school with cut-out hearts, all different colors, all different sizes, to send the message that love is greater than hate. Izzy speaks up and encourages the plan: “[I]t’s is harder to be nice. But I think we ought to figure out a way to turn this around. So nobody else gets hurt” (101). Every time someone in the school sees a heart, the kids hope, they will remember what happened to Imani and resolve not to let their school be defined by hate. When Imani returns to school later that week, she receives a warm reception from her friends and even from students who barely know her. For the first time, Izzy is embarrassed by the part of her that is white. When her mother asks her what is wrong, Izzy proudly and defiantly tells her that her Black half is stronger, finer, and better than her white half: “I’m Black, Mom. African American. That’s what I put on my official school tests when they ask. I’m Black and I’m proud of that” (113).
To address the problem of racism, Mr. Kazilly assigns students to research any Black poet. Izzy selects Langston Hughes, particularly his poem “Cross,” which examines the confusion of a person who is biracial. In response, Izzy writes her own poem, “Criss Cross,” in which she acknowledges she loves both her parents but is not entirely either one. She defies color: “I’m pink and green and red and gold/I’m not what they expect” (119).
At her father’s house, while she practices at the Steinway, Izzy finds out that Anastasia plays piano. Anastasia shares her old piano music, which, unlike the classical repertoire that Izzy is learning, includes boogie-woogie pieces and old-school blues. One piece in particular, “Bumble Boogie,” intrigues Izzy. She sight-reads it, thrilling to the “deep rumble” of the bass and the crazy syncopations of the right hand. Izzy can barely contain her enthusiasm: “My mind is pounding with the jazzy thunder of that piece. Makes me want to…boogie!” (123).
In these chapters, Izzy’s considerable confusion over her identity as a child of divorced parents becomes a deeper and more troubling issue about her biracial identity. Izzy has never confronted the reality of her racial makeup and what it means in her contemporary culture. Racial hatred, she would like to think, is part of America’s history not an element of the contemporary culture. After all, her father is successful, educated, and respected. Izzy herself attends an upscale school with a mix of white and Black students. She has never considered the ramifications of such a makeup. With her olive-toned skin and her face and body reflecting elements of both white and Black, she has never had to consider race as a thing she must choose.
The rash of school shootings in the news encourages Mr. Kazilly to introduce the subject of activism to his class. As a teacher of both history and English, Mr. Kazilly is uniquely positioned to teach his students through both current events and works of the creative imagination that investigate those events for their moral, ethical, and cultural implications. The legacy of lynching is difficult at first for Izzy to understand. She asks her father what lynching means. Her father’s harsh caution that being Black in America means a person can never entirely step free of that dark history baffles Izzy. The idea of hate based on nothing more than skin color is new for Izzy.
Logan’s remark about the innocuous nature of ropes and lynching begins Izzy’s education into the irrationality of racist hate. Logan is insensitive to the meaning of lynching. His casual remark reflects his inability, or indifference, to the Black students in the room. Imani’s confrontational stand illuminates Izzy’s perception of Black identity. That a classroom can so quickly divide Black and white, that emotions can be so quickly stirred, and that the classroom so quickly becomes “scary,” shows Izzy that it is time to confront the complexity of her racial identity.
The noose and its implications trigger Izzy to decide she is ashamed of her white identity. The reaction reflects how little Izzy still understands about the complexities of race, racial culture, and identity. She wants to simply cut off her white identity. Despite John Mark’s passionate and genuine admission about his own upbringing among racists and his tearful admission about his decision, long ago, not to let that upbringing define him, Izzy decides that she will be proud of her Black identity and dismiss her white identity as cowardly, ignorant, and embarrassing.
That Izzy unloads on her white mother reflects that Izzy is still in process, still not mature enough to see her identity for what it is. Her mother, after all, has raised Izzy to protect her biracial identity, and growing up in a middle America that John Mark testifies is still very much a hotbed of white supremacist rhetoric and thinking, she married a Black man. In denying her white identity and castigating her mother, Izzy reveals how far she still has to go before she understands the implications of her father’s quiet response of “Yes” to her query, “Am I Black? Or white” (90). All her mother says in response to Izzy’s vehemence is, “I’m so very proud of you, Isabella. So very proud” (113). The response reveals her mother’s embrace of both races as critical elements in her daughter’s identity. Izzy, however, is too riled. She does not respond to her mother’s gentle, quiet affirmation that her daughter has just begun to understand her biracial identity.
Izzy’s naïve reaction to the noose is further underscored by her spearheading her class’s campaign to decorate the school with hearts. The idea is fetching. When Izzy tells her classmates that decorating the school with paper hearts might prevent others from getting hurt, it is at once naïve and compelling. If the noose represents racial division, bigotry, and racial hatred, the hearts would remind teachers, students, and administrators of the importance of embracing diversity, celebrating otherness, and treating everyone with compassion and kindness. Haters, Izzy says, cannot be allowed to win. From the mouths of babes, the novel shows, comes unexpected insight, even wisdom. However, cut-out hearts are not enough. The events that Izzy herself will experience in the next several weeks underscore how naïve her vision is in a contemporary American that seems uninterested in the message of tolerance and love. The best Izzy can hope for is that being reminded that tolerance and love are always available as an option of response “can’t be bad” (103).
By Sharon M. Draper