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66 pages 2 hours read

Louise Penny

Bury Your Dead

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2010

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Chapters 17-20Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 17 Summary

Elizabeth MacWhirter and Mr. Blake take turns describing the biography and adventures of James Douglas. A doctor, Douglas was notorious for using stolen corpses for his studies of human anatomy—a common but illegal practice for which medical practitioners risked jail and social ostracism. Douglas was also interested in humane treatment of people with mental-health conditions. This brought him in contact with Chiniquy’s work to combat the social costs of alcohol addiction.

MacWhirter recalls the passion around stopping the controversial sale of library holdings, as “any scrap of paper with English writing on it was sacred” (313). Gamache explains that the controversial book sale resulted in Renaud acquiring some of Chiniquy’s collection but that they have not yet found the volumes. Gamache and Émile realize that the notes in Renaud’s diary refer to a meeting in the past between Chiniquy, Douglas, and the two Irish immigrants, Patrick and O’Mara.

Gamache stops at the Presbyterian church, hearing Morin’s voice recalling the time he broke a violin and his mother reassured him “things are strongest when they’re broken” (317). Gamache meets Tom Hancock and alludes to Chiniquy and the book-sale controversy. Hancock does not recognize the name but instead stresses his devotion to the Literary and Historical Society and the remaining meeting places for the Anglophone community. Hancock admits to fears that he will fail those he is responsible for. Gamache, recalling his broken promises to Morin, agrees that such work is daunting. He flashes back to the factory raid, remembering going to the “wrong door, the wrong way” (323); it is implied he then found Morin’s body. Gamache finds himself identifying with Hancock’s regretful tone when he says the past will “drag them under” if they are not careful (324).

Chapter 18 Summary

The scene opens in Three Pines, with Clara Morrow at an exercise class with the women of the village. As the group gathers afterward at the Gilbert spa, Clara intentionally brings up Beauvoir’s recent arrival. Clara looks out the window and reminisces about Olivier’s absence, then asks the others if they can imagine being desperate enough to commit murder.

Michelle, Old Mundin’s wife, surprises everyone by quoting a study that says women are the most committed killers when they finally take such a desperate step. Michelle also admits that Old Mundin’s father fell through the thinning late-winter ice when Old Mundin was only in his teens. The theme of lost father figures and anger preoccupies Clara for the rest of the day.

The scene shifts again to Québec City. Gamache returns to the home of Sean Patrick, asking to inspect his 19th-century photographs, as he suspects the clue to the meeting may be in one of them. He peels back one of the pictures, depicting Patrick and O’Mara digging a hole, and finds that the back is dated to 1869—this is the meaning of the mystery digit, and this is the meeting that Renaud found so significant.

Chapter 19 Summary

Gamache meets with Dr. Serge Croix, the province’s chief archeologist and one of Renaud’s longtime adversaries. Croix is irascible and resentful of the intrusion. He is working on a site at the Ursuline convent that once housed a shrine to General Montcalm, the defeated commander of the Battle of Québec, the same battle that preoccupies Gamache. Croix can see no connection between Champlain and Chiniquy but is intrigued at the idea of Irish laborers visiting the Literary and Historical Society, suggesting this must have been for an unusual reason or a paid opportunity, given that the two communities rarely interacted at that time. Gamache explains his search for the missing books from Chiniquy’s collection. He asks Croix to investigate what dig might have occurred in 1869, the year of the photograph in Patrick’s home.

Croix is further incensed when Gamache points out that Renaud’s calendar refers to a meeting with an “SC,” and he denies any role in the murder. Gamache asks, partly rhetorically, if Croix knows where Champlain is. Gamache posits that there could be some hidden truth about Champlain that his body would reveal, something that would diminish the power of his role as a “symbol of the greatness of the Québécois” (348).

Gamache regrets the acrimonious tone of his meeting with Croix, as he would have welcomed an academic discussion. At a meeting with the local investigator, Langlois, Gamache admits that his notoriety has grown in recent months, and Langlois, somewhat cryptically, wonders why it took them so long to realize “the attack was coming,” asking, “When did you realize it was more than a simple kidnapping?“(350).

Gamache flashes back to the events of that day and his desperate efforts to allow Nichol to find some trace of Morin. The entire scene ping-pongs back and forth between Langlois’s questions and Gamache’s memories. In the present, Langlois continues marveling that such an elaborate plot nearly escaped detection. In the past, Nichol ultimately found the key evidence, a reference to “La Grande,” which Gamache realized referred to a massive hydroelectric dam that powered not only Canada but much of the United States.

Langlois informs Gamache that more of Renaud’s books may be found in his ex-wife’s home. When he arrives there with Émile, Renaud’s ex-wife piques their investigative instincts by explaining that she took the books for him very recently. They find that the two volumes corresponding to Renaud’s notes are missing and that one is Chiniquy’s personal diary from 1869, the year of the dig. As Gamache peruses the full set of diaries, Beauvoir calls, asking for his advice on the case in Three Pines.

Chapter 20 Summary

Gamache agrees there are only five possible suspects: the Parras, the Gilberts, and Old Mundin. All of them could have found the cabin or followed Olivier there. Since the priceless treasures were left behind, the two decide the key to the case must be personal, perhaps connected to the word “Woo” or the name “Charlotte,” which both recur in the Hermit’s cabin and his art (366). Beauvoir asks Gamache to look into the Mundins and Carole Gilbert, both originally from Québec City. Beauvoir, uncharacteristically, asks his mentor how he is doing, and Gamache reassures him. Beauvoir has his own flashback to the failed rescue raid, of himself “[f]alling. To lie still on the cold cement floor” (368).

Gamache and Émile spend the evening reading the remaining Chiniquy diaries. The next morning, Gamache finds Serge Croix has tabulated the three significant digs from 1869, one of which is under a restaurant, the Old Homestead. It is near the basilica where Champlain was originally buried, in what was then a tiny chapel. Gamache confirms that the photo of Patrick and O’Mara was taken in that location, and wonders if the restaurant was built over the original small cemetery.

Gamache and Émile visit the restaurant and learn that Renaud explored their basement. The manager allows the two men to see it themselves. Gamache asks Émile if he can meet the Champlain Society once more, and Émile tells him to come at 1:30 that afternoon.

Chapters 17-20 Analysis

As Gamache gathers evidence, Penny adds more thematic resonance to her preoccupation with the past as a motive for deception, guilt, and murder. Her world of Québec City is one where a man seems to have died for a book—and where the members of the English community would understand the passion behind this even if not all of them condoned the result. The Literary and Historical Society’s founder was a passionate social reformer and a doctor, who made enemies but also found common cause with the likeminded. This links him to the “asshole saint” Vincent Gilbert—who is beloved by Old Mundin and yet deeply hated by his own son for his abandonment. Gamache’s meeting with Serge Croix, which he had hoped would be affable and educational, is instead adversarial. An interest in history, Penny argues, can create conflict and doubt more than harmony, if the personalities involved are sufficiently strong.

Gamache’s hope that things are strongest when they are broken, when ruptures are repaired, is perhaps Penny’s way of asserting her belief in a way forward for Québec, along with her protagonist. The key is authenticity, an open reckoning with truth, rather than acrimony in isolation. Gamache himself seems to recognize this as he grows increasingly resigned to his notoriety, allowing Langlois to ask him questions about the recent tragedy. Penny demonstrates that he was correct to trust Nichol, who brings him the needed clue of the threat to the dam. Gamache’s ability to inspire loyalty and trust, even when those around him are paranoid and misanthropic, is key to his investigative success.

Tom Hancock seems to regard the passion of nationalism, and history as a contest, as a dangerous one. Yet Penny also establishes that Hancock is afraid for his flock, as well as afraid of his own inadequacies. Given that Gamache says earlier in the novel that fear is a prime motive for murder, Penny thus telegraphs the psychological solution to her plot, even if the logistics remain unresolved. Hancock becomes an implied prime suspect not because he is unlikeable or inhuman but because his flaws are familiar and recognizable. Clara Morrow’s investigation echoes this conclusion: The women in the exercise class are all kind and friendly toward one another, living peaceful lives, and yet all admit they might kill for those they love.

Gamache’s discoveries in the Champlain case overlap in another way with Beauvoir’s investigation. Beauvoir becomes increasingly preoccupied with family relationships as a possible motive, making particular note of Marc Gilbert’s animosity about his father’s extensive attention to the Mundins, since Dr. Vince Gilbert provides speech therapy to the Mundin child, Charlie. This contrasts further with Beauvoir’s concern for Gamache’s well-being and willingness to ask for his help and support. What Penny leaves open at this stage, however, is whether the comradeship of the two investigators will extend to the communities they work in once the cases are resolved.

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