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51 pages 1 hour read

Arthur C. Clarke

Childhood's End

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1953

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Part 3, Chapters 15-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 3: “The Last Generation”

Part 3, Chapter 15 Summary

The narrative has jumped forward 10 years. Jean and George are having breakfast as George reads the reviews of his latest television program. In frustration, he decides to answer an invitation from New Athens to visit their community. Jean is hesitant, concerned that the community will be a step backward, especially for their two children.

Ben Saloman initially imagined New Athens soon after the occupation of the Overlords. An Israeli citizen, Saloman was worried for the independent thought and creation of mankind and wanted to create a space where there would be some conflict and struggle in the pursuit of continued human advancement. Although the initial intent was partially to defy the Overlords, Karellen has left the community alone, and they have been able to apply their experiment.

New Athens is a small colony that consists of two islands: one named Athens, the other named Sparta. The population is roughly 50,000, half of the possible maximum imagined by Saloman and the architects of the colony. Jean and George are told that they can visit for a few days to see if the community is attractive to them. If it is, they will take psychological tests that community members must pass before relocating there. If they pass and still want to join, they can get their belongings and relocate. Jean is assured that they can choose to leave at any time, but that is rare.

George and Jean join the community with their two children: Jeffery and Jennifer Anne. Jean is initially bothered by the lack of automation—there is no central food service, so she must cook food on a stove. George slowly acclimates to riding his bicycle to work, because the community bans individual cars, but loves the creative work he does in live theater.

Part 3, Chapter 16 Summary

Jeffrey Greggson plays in the ocean. Although his mother, Jean, initially worried about the risk, she is reassured when she dives with him. He is intensely curious about the water.

George occasionally remembers the night 10 years ago that Jean fainted at Rupert Boyce’s party. Neither of them ever mentions it, and Jean has lost all interest in the paranormal.

As George prepares to go out to Sparta to fish and see his son, he and Jean hear a siren warning of a tsunami. Jeffrey is alone on the small island of Sparta when the water sucks out to sea and the siren sounds. He is found hours later entirely safe on a block of coral, hungry and frustrated at the loss of his bike, but physically and emotionally unharmed.

When George and Jean put him to bed that night, he tells them he was rescued by a voice during the tsunami. A voice, which George believes to be Karellen, warned Jeff to run when the water receded and then removed a boulder from his path of escape. Jean takes her son to a psychologist, who says he has an active imagination, but George believes Jeff was rescued by Karellen with a similar ability to the one his mother seemed to display at the party 10 years prior. George is thankful but wonders why Karellen intervened.

Part 3, Chapter 17 Summary

Karellen orders an inspection of the New Athens colony. An Overlord visitor named Thanthalteresco arrives and meets with Charles Yan Sen, the chairman at the time of Thanthalteresco’s visit. Known by the residents as The Inspector, Thanthalteresco tours the island, collects statistics, attends a concert, views a play, and visits the schools. After a few days, he leaves, seemingly satisfied with all he’s seen.

George is frustrated that he was unable to talk directly to the Overlord. Jeff tells his parents that he recognized The Inspector’s voice during his school visit as the voice, or one very like it, which protected him from the tsunami. George and Jean talk it over, deciding that Jeff is of particular interest to the Overlords for some reason. Jean worries while George reassures himself that Jeff is a normal boy with a possibly important future.

Thanthalteresco delivers his report to Karellen. The colony, he says, is no threat to the goal of the Overlords. He refers to Jeff as “subject Zero” (166) and reports that no unusual event has occurred yet. He also tells Karellen, “I grow more and more sorry for these people” (166).

Part 3, Chapter 18 Summary

Jeff has a strange dream in which he is standing among mountains that are burning with blue flames as a blue sun rises swiftly. Jean wakes feeling that Jeff needs her, which wakes George, who feels helpless and concerned about the odd dream.

Karellen and Rashaverak discuss Jeff’s dream, which they have heard through their surveillance technology. They identify the location of the planet in Jeff’s dream: Alphanidon Two. Karellen also cautions Rashaverak to remember they cannot interfere, which means they cannot question Jeff unless and until Jean and George approach them.

The dreams continue, but for Jeff they have ceased to cause any loneliness or fear and instead become the advent of a transformation. Karellen and Rashaverak watch the dreams, identifying the astronomical locations, until Jeff discovers places they have never seen or heard of.

George goes to see Rashaverak, who reveals that the children are the first of a new race. George’s daughter, Jenny, has entered a state of metamorphosis, evidenced initially by her ability to move her rattle with her mind, levitating it and shaking it. This terrifies her parents and serves as evidence that the Overlords are telling the truth. The Overlords, Rashaverak tells George, have acted as midwives for this new race—a new evolution happening faster than could be imagined by human science.

Part 3, Chapter 19 Summary

Jeff changes quickly, but not as quickly as his sister. He sits for hours with his eyes closed, visiting the farthest reaches of the universe. Jenny is described as being in a sort of chrysalis—apparently sleeping but able to move furniture and retrieve food from the freezer at will. Jean and George find solace in one another and late-night walks, grieving the children they had as they helplessly watch the transformation.

In a short time, the transformation spreads to essentially every child under the age of 10. Humanity is devastated by the loss of their future, the loss of children and childhood. Karellen prepares to speak to all of humanity one last time.

Part 3, Chapters 15-19 Analysis

Thanthalteresco’s sympathy for humanity foreshadows the ultimate tragedy of the novel: the loss of humanity’s children to the Overmind. Before the novel reaches its full climax, the opening of Part 3 introduces New Athens, a setting that illustrates The Cost of Utopia as well as the tension between Individual Achievement Versus Collective Advancement. The first half of “The Last Generation” also reintroduces George and Jean Greggson as parents, with their family serving as an idyllic representation of the traditional expectations of the 1950s. The relative happiness and peace of Jeff’s childhood, the only childhood actually described reflecting the book’s title, intensifies the novel’s climax as this seemingly perfect idyll comes to an end.

Because New Athens deliberately eschews the utopic aspects of the rest of the world, it reveals The Cost of Utopia. New Athens is a space in which humanity creates struggle and conflict to pursue new discoveries in art and science. George’s discontent with his career in entertainment demonstrates that utopia is not paradise for everyone. In moving to New Athens, he and Jean discover a new drive, and they both feel the environment is healthier for their children. The island offers a refuge where individual interests and accomplishments are privileged above society-wide advancement. It is also the cradle from which the children’s transformation begins—suggesting both the value and the danger of privileging individual freedom over safety.

This section introduces the Greggsons as a traditional nuclear family—the ideal of the 1950s, when the novel was written. The family is complete with the addition of a family dog, Fey, who becomes a symbol for humanity’s domestication under the influence of the Overlords. The loss of the children to the transformation ushered in by Overlord protection represents the loss of the nuclear family and an idealized life. The Greggsons move to New Athens in pursuit of increased simplicity and freedom. They want a simpler life for their children, and Jeff’s curiosity, exploration, and happiness in New Athens initially suggests they’re right. However, the tsunami is a threat that only the Overlords can save Jeff from—a potential failure of the technology-light life they’ve chosen. Jeff’s idyllic childhood encourages readers to emotionally connect both to Jeff and to his parents, maximizing the impact of the novel’s climax and emphasizing The Tragedy of Parenthood.

Jeff’s childhood is entrenched in the natural world, as he explores the ocean and the tidal pools for the secrets they may contain. The narrator says that Jeff “had no interest in esthetics or science” (149), yet his interest in the animal life on the island and his passion for exploration suggest a burgeoning interest in science. His interest in animals recalls the interests of the science-driven Overlords. Connecting Jeff subtly to the Overlords foreshadows the capacity of Jeff’s mind to reach into the far reaches of the universe. Even before the dreams begin, Jeff is characterized as having elements of both the Overlords and humanity.

George and Jean are in many ways typical parents, and their experiences offer the novel’s clearest depiction of the tragedy of parenthood. Jean worries for her children’s safety, as any mother would. As any typical mother, she also must relax her concerns to give Jeff the space to grow and become himself outside of her circle of protection. George experiences another common parental worry, fearing that he’s losing his emotional connection with his son. When Jeff is out on Sparta before the tsunami, George puts off his work to try to reconnect with his son in Jeff’s own world. These standard concerns of parenthood become intensified with Jeff’s rescue by the Overlords and then with the beginning of the dreams. All parents fear for their children’s safety, as Jean does, and feel the loss as their children build identities separate from the parent and family, as George does. The fears and loss associated with the tragedy of parenthood are universal, however Clarke intensifies the effect of that universal tragedy with the immensity of the risk of the tsunami and then the transformation itself.

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