48 pages • 1 hour read
Carol MatasA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Daniel is on a train again. He’s 18 and thinking of the symbolic pictures in his head and the material photos in his hand. They take him back to Buchenwald, where he reunites with Peter. The prisoners are violent. Joseph gets a job making furniture for SS men, and he gets his son a job as an assistant for a communist/resistance member Karl, who takes pictures of guards and their families.
Karl photographs an SS man, his wife, and two daughters. The SS man looks like an ideal dad. Later, the officer shoots a child prisoner in the leg for failing to sweep up some dirt. Daniel tells Karl about the incident, and Karl makes Daniel and his dad a part of the resistance.
Daniel and Joseph meet a kapo who introduces them to a man with tools. Using the tools, Daniel and his dad take apart a potential gas chamber. Karl tells them that prisoners purposely work slowly during the day and, at night, the resistance dismantles what work they did. Daniel listens to Karl’s radio, and, as it’s 1945, the Allies are on their way. If the Nazis try to kill them before then, the resistance has weapons and intends to fight back.
The main purpose of Buchenwald is work, and the prisoners work 14 hours a day. The Nazis kill someone for missing a button and beat a man for not saluting an SS man. Seven Polish men try to escape, but they fail, and Nazis tie them to their cots and force them to drink salt water until they die. Karl tells Daniel about the awful medical experiments on kids and adults. Daniel notices the ritzy spaces for the SS people who run the camp.
As order deteriorates, Karl gives Daniel a camera for his 18th birthday, and Daniel asks Karl why the resistance lets the Germans march 4,500 Jews out of the camp to their death. Karl says they’re not ready to fight yet. In April, after Passover, 8,000 Jews and non-Jewish prisoners leave. Now the counterattack is on, and Karl shows Daniel how to use a gun.
The signal—a grenade—goes off, and guards shoot Daniel’s dad in the arm, and Daniel shoots the guards. Daniel wants to kill the guard, but his dad tells him to keep him alive for a trial. Daniel then goes to the house of the SS dad who shot the kid in the leg. The resistance guards his family, and Daniel, holding a gun, grabs one of the daughters. Daniel tells the daughter it’s pretend, then points the gun at the dad and informs him that he’ll testify at his trial. Returning to his dad, Daniel hears Joseph say that they’re liberated.
On the night of the revolt, Daniel and Joseph sleep in the hospital surrounded by reminders of the Nazis’ medical experiments. Joseph’s bullet wound isn’t critical, and they eat the SS food, and Daniel walks among the skeletal prisoners and gives them some food. Daniel walks through the camp gate to get a grip on the reality of his situation. He notices the beauty of the natural world and cries.
Daniel takes pictures of the pits full of corpses, the camp guards begging for mercy, and the American soldiers who hand out cigarettes, gum, and chocolate. The soldiers bring in civilians from the area and force them to see what took place in Buchenwald. Daniel becomes a part of the militia that governs the camp and takes supplies from the locals.
May arrives, and Daniel, his dad, and Peter are on a train back to Lodz. They think about who might have survived and walk around when the train stops in a small Polish town. Antisemitic Polish farm boys taunt and attack Peter and Daniel, and no one helps them, so Daniel takes out his gun and shoots one of the boys in the leg. Wielding his gun, Daniel forces a policeman to get a doctor to help Peter; the doctor suspects internal bleeding. Peter needs to go to the hospital in Lodz. Still wielding his gun, Daniel makes the Polish boys carry Peter on the train. In Lodz, Peter slips into a coma.
As Peter dies, Daniel promises to tell his family and go to Palestine. Joseph stays to give Peter a funeral, and Daniel heads back to the ghetto—the only place he knows in Lodz. In front of his old apartment building, he sees Rosa. The people who took the apartment wouldn’t let Rosa leave a message for Daniel, but she forced her way in, got his stuff, and, every day for the past three weeks, she has sat outside the building with a book waiting for Daniel.
The couple declares their love for each other, flirt, and go to a big park, where they sit on a bench with a “No Jews Allowed” sign. Daniel wants to go to Palestine, and Rosa agrees to go with him. She tells him she stayed with Erika at an infirmary in Poland. Nazis marched her to Gross-Rosen, and she hid in the infirmary during the evacuation. She lived to see the Russians liberate the camp, but she lost her strength in the hospital. Friedrich is alive, but Rosa’s younger brother and dad are dead.
Rosa still feels fortunate (many people have zero family members left), and Daniel feels fortunate to be with Rosa. Holding hands, they walk together, and Daniel reiterates his vow to preserve his pictures and publicize his story. If people forget the evil, they might become evil. People have to learn how to stop evil before it happens.
At Buchenwald, Daniel and his dad continue to work as a team to survive. Daniel states, “Quickly, Father tried to organize jobs for us” (107). Daniel gets a job as an assistant to a photographer, continuing the literal meaning of photography. The photos of the SS officials and their families create a juxtaposition. Daniel shows the officers how they are around their loved ones and how they act toward the prisoners. He calls one SS man “the model father” (108) in the photography studio and then shows him shooting a child inmate in the camp. Arguably, Daniel humanizes the SS officers to highlight their cruelty. They’re not monsters but people who can act decent or horrendously, depending on the situation. When the inmates take control of the camp, Daniel showcases his dignity by not shooting the officer and telling the daughter he grabs that he’s just pretending.
Yet Daniel’s initial impulse is to kill them. His father, reprising the role of teacher, tells him, “[W]e are not like them. If they’ve made us into them, they’ve succeeded” (115). Daniel tells the SS officer, “I’ll be there to testify at your trial” (116), alluding to the Nuremberg Trials and the numerous other trials that took place to hold Nazis accountable for their crimes. The idea of court trials becomes a symbol of humanity and law. Trials are a civilized way to punish people. Daniel’s dad pushes him to enlightened punishment and away from the Nazi idea of summarily killing people. As the 20th-century German political theorist and philosopher Hannah Arendt points out in Eichmann in Jerusalem: A Report on the Banality of Evil, the trials of Nazis are somewhat hypocritical. The Allies aren’t impartial, and Nazi Germany isn’t the first regime to commit genocide. Allied countries like England and the United States killed and dispossessed groups of people, and no one put them on trial.
The civilians’ refusal to observe what is happening right before their eyes and the fight with the Polish farm boys reveals the extent of antisemitism—the end of the war doesn’t mean people will stop hating the Jews. Daniel and the others left behind force the civilians to see what happened at the camp, reflecting their commitment to making the world see the truth of the Holocaust. The Nazis’ rhetoric about the Jews has dehumanized them, leading civilians to attack Daniel and Peter as they walked around the town. As Daniel uses his gun to control the farm boys, the gun becomes a symbol of power. Daniel declares, “I had resolved at the camp never to be a victim again” (122). With the gun, Daniel becomes authoritative, ordering the farm boys, the policeman, and the doctor around. The gun helps him control the situation. In Buchenwald, the gun also symbolizes force and control. With it, he shoots SS officers and taunts the SS father.
Peter’s death brings further tragedy. He survived the Holocaust only to die due to the hateful farm boys. Peter tells Daniel, “You go to Palestine for me” (125). Palestine continues to represent a safe haven.
This section foregrounds the theme of Survival and Resistance as Daniel works with resistance members at camp. Daniel and his father commit sabotage by taking apart a gas chamber and undoing work done by other inmates. Daniel also learns a hard lesson in patience when he questions why the resistance allowed 4,500 Jews to be marched to their death. He is frustrated that nothing could be done, but Karl explains that the resistance was not yet strong enough to attack.
The reunion with Rosa also brings in the theme of Survival and Resistance. Rosa resists the unaccommodating people who occupy Daniel’s apartment and doggedly sits outside the building waiting for Daniel’s return. She tells him, “I knew you’d come back, I just knew it” (128). Her intuition adds to the mystical atmosphere of the book. It’s as if Rosa’s and Daniel’s destiny is to be together.
Through dialogue, Matas shows their flirty, loving relationship. Matas also uses dialogue so Rosa can tell Daniel about what happened to Erika. As Daniel and Rosa plan to go to Palestine, they cement its symbolism as a safe space for Jews. Despite the horrific experiences, Matas ends the narrative on a romantic, hopeful note. Daniel has his arm around Rosa, and they feel grateful to be alive and have each other.
Canadian Literature
View Collection
Coming-of-Age Journeys
View Collection
Family
View Collection
International Holocaust Remembrance Day
View Collection
Juvenile Literature
View Collection
Memorial Day Reads
View Collection
Memory
View Collection
Military Reads
View Collection
Mortality & Death
View Collection
Sexual Harassment & Violence
View Collection
World War II
View Collection