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57 pages 1 hour read

Madeleine Thien

Do Not Say We Have Nothing

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2016

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Part 1, Chapters 5-6

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary

Marie and her mother sat down to a meal Marie had just prepared. Her mother filled Marie in on her trip to America with Ai-Ming, delivering a sponge cake from Ai-Ming. Marie went to bed and thought about her father, then looked at a letter in which Ai-Ming wrote that they would be birds in heaven and trees on earth. Marie missed Ai-Ming, a “link” to her father and mother (11). She told herself some of the story from The Book of Records to help her fall asleep.

Working at his desk one evening, Sparrow heard a rustling out back. There, he found a small, emaciated boy holding a letter in Wen’s handwriting. Sparrow gave the boy all the money he had on him and took the letter home where he read it. Before he could destroy it, Zhuli caught a glimpse of the letter and realized it was from her father. She tried to ask Sparrow about it, but he would not give her any information about its contents.

In the letter, Wen explained that he had escaped from the re-education camp and thus was in great danger. He begged Sparrow to keep their family from seeking him out since it would be dangerous for both him and them. He told Sparrow to visit a friend named Glass Eye; Wen had found another chapter of The Book of Records recently, one he could not wait to share.

Three days after Sparrow had destroyed the letter, Ba Lute was accused “of harboring an enemy of the state,” which meant that “Swirl and Zhuli must come immediately for questioning” (117). Enraged by the insinuation, Ba Lute he insulted the officers and threw things at them, telling them they were free to search his home for Wen. The head of their building insisted there were no fugitives on the property, so the officers left. Swirl could not help but be excited by the news that Wen was alive, even if it had brought trouble.

Shortly after the incident with the officers, Sparrow and Zhuli headed off to the Conservatory where they both were students, stopping for a second to gossip about the institution’s most promising student, Yin Chai. Inside, Sparrow overheard the President of the Conservatory discussing some sort of political accusation with a stranger. Though Sparrow and the President were friendly, Sparrow decided to avoid this heated conversation. Sparrow thought about the President’s inclination as a child to fall out of bed because his hands were still playing music long after he had fallen asleep. Sparrow wished he could hear the music in the President’s dreams.

Arriving at the office he shared with Old Wu, an erhu aficionado, Sparrow found a note from his friend Jiang Kai. Talented and “confident,” Sparrow was sure Jiang Kai would eventually find his way to success, but he was less sure about himself (122). His recent symphony had been “criticized by the Union of Composers” and he found himself hard-pressed for ideas they might like (122). He was currently trying to capture the essence of how New China had “sped up” from the pace of the old world but had not completed anything yet (121).

Zhuli interrupted his thoughts, announcing that he had forgotten their lunch date. He prepared tea and candies while Zhuli played some of the new symphony he was writing on her violin. Zhuli told him it was “the most sublime thing” he had ever written and that he should submit it for approval right away (123). Jiang Kai showed up, disheveled but happy. Zhuli and Sparrow gave him some food, and suggested he go to Yin Chai’s performance. Jiang Kai instead proposed they all go outside. Sparrow wanted to be alone, but Zhuli and Jiang Kai begged him until he conceded.

Outside, Jiang Kai described his pitiful living circumstances and Zhuli related the story about Ba Lute being accused of hiding Wen. They sat below a pear tree and drifted off into their own worlds. Jiang Kai interrupted the silence by bringing up that morning’s accusations against the Conservatory President. The subject made Sparrow uncomfortable, so he invited Jiang Kai to come to Wuhan on a research project. Jiang Kai accepted. For a moment, Zhuli felt jealous but quickly remembered Swirl needed her at home. As she wondered why she loved music like other people loved the Party, an injured man passed by, causing “a cold ring of quiet” to “expand” (127).

Sparrow and Jiang Kai wandered off together, so Zhuli walked back to the building alone, pondering Sparrow’s incredibly strong work ethic. Outside the Conservatory, she saw a bunch of people surrounding Yin Chai, including Biscuit, a beautiful but musically inept girl who stopped Zhuli to say she had just seen Zhuli walking about “with handsome Jiang Kai” (128). Zhuli decided to skip practice and go home. There, Swirl had just made a new copy of The Book of Records and was planning how to find Wen. Zhuli wished her mother was more present, but tried to understand that life in the re-education camp had traumatized her. She became upset at her mother’s insistence on finding Wen, sure her mother would be at risk and not understanding why her mother was so willing to abandon her daughter for the sake of Wen. Unaware of her daughter’s worries, Swirl explained that she and Big Mother Knife would soon travel with Big Mother Knife’s Song and Dance Troupe. The troupe would be the legal reason for their travel, finding Wen would be the illegal one.

Zhuli asked to join them but Swirl didn’t bother to answer. Instead, she explained that the copies she was making of The Book of Records were slightly changed; they contained new locations that she was hoping Wen would recognize as directions to safety. Swirl would be leaving the next morning, so Zhuli should “concentrate” on her “music” (132).

Back at the Conservatory, Zhuli daydreamed about the kiss Jiang Kai had given her recently and thought about his warnings that the Conservatory would probably close any day. After class, she sought out Jiang Kai, who was playing piano to Sparrow. Afterwards, Sparrow played some of the symphony he had been working on, and immediately Zhuli knew he was the most talented of the three of them. She could hear her father in his music. Sparrow always insisted on numbering his works rather than naming them; she had overheard her mother and Big Mother Knife discussing how many of the men who died in the re-education camps were left to rot with no burial. Sparrow stopped and Zhuli took over the performance, playing until Jiang Kai suddenly darted out of the room. In his absence, Zhuli told Sparrow about Swirl and Big Mother Knife’s plans. He thought this was a good idea since Shanghai was “uneasy right now” (139). Zhuli asked him to explain, but Jiang Kai returned with food which they all quickly and greedily ate. Then, they drank some wine and she let herself get close to Jiang Kai for a second before heading off to bed.

The next morning she found Jiang Kai asleep at the piano where she had left him. They practiced their duet a few times and Jiang Kai kissed her again, telling her “Don’t be afraid” (141). After they kissed, Zhuli couldn’t help but wonder if he really trusted her.  

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary

Five years after Ai-Ming had left, Marie picked up the phone to find a very joyous Ai-Ming on the line. Ai-Ming had finally reached the point in her immigration process where she could file for permanent residency in the United States. It was Marie’s 17th birthday, so Ai-Ming asked her several questions about her plans for the future. Marie ignored all of them and asked Ai-Ming to update her on her immigration status. Ai-Ming seemed to be hiding something, but said she felt she would get citizenship soon. Marie wondered about Ai-Ming’s life because Ai-Ming used to let her and her mother visit, but recently she had been full of excuses as to why they couldn’t come. Her worry was somewhat alleviated, however, when Ai-Ming requested Marie come to see her in New York City. Marie couldn’t visit because of financial straits, but the invitation made her feel more at ease.

That night, when they tried to call Ai-Ming back, the “line was disconnected” (145). It was a few weeks before they heard from her again, this time by letter. She was returning to China to visit her ill mother, so they should not “worry” about her (145).

As soon as they had the money, Marie and her mother went in search of Ai-Ming. Her roommate said Ai-Ming had gone to China despite several warnings that this could impair her ability to become an U. S. citizen. They visited the factory where Ai-Ming ostensibly worked, only to find out no one had seen her in “weeks” (146). They splurged and attended an expensive concert, then gave up and headed back to Canada.

Two years later, Marie’s mother was diagnosed with cancer. Marie once again felt the anger she had felt when her father left. She became bitter and “solitary” when she saw how easy other students at her college had it compared to her (147). She devoted herself fully to school in hopes of surviving the crushing sadness that seemed to be chasing her down.

Her mother’s health deteriorated over the next two years. Marie spent all her time with her mom or doing schoolwork. They discussed many things that her mother never would have been willing to talk about in different circumstances. Her mother felt as if she had failed Ai-Ming. They searched for her and for her mother but always came up empty handed. Right before Marie’s mother died, she gave Marie a photo Ai-Ming had given her of Zhuli, Sparrow, and her father at the Conservatory when they were young.

15 years after her mother’s death, Marie does everything she can to try to remember her. She still writes to Ai-Ming even though it has been close to two decades since she last heard from her. She often thinks back to the story from The Book of Records, thinking about the night Sparrow told Swirl he had heard from Wen.

Swirl and Big Mother Knife set off on their trip. Shortly after, Sparrow and Jiang Kai also left on their research commission for the Conservatory. Ba Lute was full of “pride,”, whereas Zhuli was full of longing (152). When she had finally approached Sparrow about allowing her to travel with them, he had said no, that she needed to work on her music and nothing else.

Jiang Kai and Sparrow made the long, crowded journey to their destination, entertaining others with their music along the way. When they arrived, Jiang Kai told Sparrow that the village he grew up in was not far from where they were. It was like going back in time “a hundred years or more” (156): The village had so little contact with other communities that little had changed in many generations. Three traveling priests had started a school there—they were the reason he had learned to play and love music. The school still stands and Jiang Kai visits it annually, though where once he had found beauty, he now finds only another branch of the ruling Party. While the school was still there, his family and his favorite teacher were not. They had died in a famine, sacrificing themselves for his sake. In their absence, his music teacher sent him to Shanghai, where a friend educated and raised him. The bounty of Shanghai was unimaginably different compared to his destitute hometown. Even so, Shanghai was not as good as it gets—Jiang Kai believed that they deserved to play their music worldwide. Sparrow was struck by his audacity and explained that he wanted “[n]othing more” than to “write […] music” (160). This did not deter Jiang Kai, who could tell Sparrow wanted the same things he did even if he did not say them aloud. He then urged Sparrow to “speak what’s really” on his mind (160).

A few days later, they ran into an older man named Jian who had heard Sparrow playing on the bus on the way to Wuhan. Jian had a friend at the Conservatory; after a bit of conversation he invited them to lodge with him. Once they were comfortably inside Jian’s home, Sparrow played on an old violin. After the music ceased, Sparrow asked Jian if he had ever heard of Comrade Glass Eye. Jian pointed to his glass eye and told them he would try to set up a meeting between them and the man who had made his glass eye, since he thought that was the man they were probably looking for.

The next day, they climbed onto Jian’s moped and headed for Comrade Glass Eye’s. Glass Eye told them he had not been able to experiment with electricity since “the Great Leap Forward,” an initiative created by Chairman Mao that robbed citizens of the metal they owned so it could be melted down into (often unusable) steel (167). He also explained that not many people knew him as Comrade Glass Eye and asked them how they learned that name. After Sparrow revealed that Wen had referred to him as such, Comrade Glass Eye showed them his collection of glass eyes. Jian expressed his deep gratitude for Comrade Glass Eye—before getting a glass eye he felt as if he had been “cut in two” (168). Comrade Glass Eye invited them to stay with him for a few nights and they happily agreed.

That evening, they listened to the rain as it mixed with Jiang Kai’s harpsichord performance. After some wine and music, Sparrow and Jiang Kai fell asleep in each other’s arms, a sign of their ever-growing intimacy. The next morning they walked over to see the “furnace” where the city had melted all of the citizens’ metal (171). There, Comrade Glass Eye lowered his voice and cried as he told Sparrow that he had no idea where Wen was hiding. He had met Wen in 1958 during a famine imposed on them by the Party. They had worked together to steal food and supplies to survive. He had ended up in the re-education camps because of an effort he had made on behalf of his mother. When he was child, she had left China to live in Taiwan with her Nationalist lover. When he got older, he petitioned to have her officially forgiven so that she could return to China. On the day he thought his mother was going to return to him, he was led to a stage where he was beaten senseless and accused of possessing “sympathy for the enemy” (176). From there, he had been sent to a re-education camp where he was told he was “lucky” they had spared his life (177). He lived in a cave and often went days without eating. He and Wen always stuck together, but Wen would often go crazy from starvation. Wen talked to Swirl every night as if she were there and often called out for Zhuli. Wen would also often tell the story from The Book of Records, substituting details about the camp for the original ones in order to meld his life to the narrative.

In 1960, Comrade Glass Eye had been released from the camp because a friend of his mother’s had some power and a desire to help. He “abandon[ed]” Wen at the camp despite his promise not to, sure that Wen would soon die (179). Before he left the camp, Wen showed him a suitcase where he had written the names of all the men who had died in the camp. He planned to make them immortal by including them in The Book of Records. Sparrow asked where Comrade Glass Eye thought Wen might be, but Comrade Glass Eye had no idea.

Back in Shanghai, Zhuli lay awake worrying about her parents, something she had been doing since that awful day she had been discovered coming out of her parents’ underground basement. She had been hiding down there to play the qin. Within days of her being discovered, all the objects had been removed from the underground, their house had been graffitied, and her parents had been violently ripped from her side. She had spent three days alone, scavenging for food, before a woman put her on a bus to Big Mother Knife’s. She had thought she was going to see her mother, so it was disappointing when Sparrow had opened the door.

She grew to love Sparrow, who showed her a new world of music, saving her from the guilt she felt over causing her parents’ disappearance. He taught her to play violin and brought her to the Conservatory where she had started to work with her current teacher, Professor Tan. She felt distant from Swirl since her mother’s return from the camps, but tried to reassure herself that she should just be thankful they were both “alive” (190). 

Part 1, Chapters 5-6 Analysis

Zhuli comes into focus in this section. Her budding romance and career contrast with her lifelong guilt and isolation. Accidentally the cause of her parents’ incarceration, Zhuli shapes herself against a backdrop of loss and shame. The violin and its control over her life function as a distraction and an emotional outlet. However, while her violin practice appears to be a healthy coping mechanism for dealing with circumstances beyond her control, it becomes another obstacle, further isolating her. Rather than nurture her relationship with her mother, seek her long-lost father, or travel on a research commission with Sparrow and Jiang Kai, Zhuli is told to devote her energy to the violin—Zhuli is only visible when she has a violin in her hands. Even of Jiang Kai, who wants to be close to her, is still most in tune with her when she is playing music or talking about music.

This section focuses on the definition of motherhood. While mothers presented in earlier sections of this book were as protectors, the mothers in this section often receive care rather than give it. For instance, Marie’s mother gets cancer and soon becomes Marie’s charge. Ai-Ming’s mother also becomes an object of Ai-Ming’s care once she falls ill. Similarly, Swirl, once Zhuli’s greatest protector, has been infantilized by her time in the re-education camps. It is not only women who care for their mothers. Comrade Glass Eye tries to protect his lawbreaking mother from shame and extradition, an effort that causes him to be physically and mentally battered. Mothers who need care, rather than provide it, dismantle the standard definition of motherhood as protective and care-giving. 

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