24 pages • 48 minutes read
Amiri BarakaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Dutchman starts with an African-American man, Clay, riding the subway alone in the summertime. Clay is holding a magazine but “looking vacantly just above its wilting pages” (3), occasionally looking out a window. The train pulls into a station, and Clay looks up to see a white woman, Lula, looking at him through the window. The two smile at each other—first, for Clay, “without a trace of self-consciousness” (4), before a sense of awkwardness and embarrassment sets in and he looks away. The train starts moving again and blocks his view of the woman, but Clay smiles, “more comfortably confident, hoping perhaps that his memory of this brief encounter will be pleasant” (4), before becoming idle once again.
Lula enters the train car. Eating an apple, she moves toward Clay and is “waiting for [Clay] to notice her before she sits” (5). He does and looks up at her, and the two begin to converse. Lula asks why Clay was staring at her through the window and accuses him of checking her out, saying he was “staring […] down in the vicinity of my ass and legs” (7). “Wow, now I admit that I was looking in your direction. But the rest of that weight is yours” (7), Clay responds. Lula says that she boarded the train to search for him. Thinking she’s flirting with him, Clay starts flirting back, before Lula calls him out, saying, “You think I want to pick you up, get you to take me somewhere and screw me, huh?” (8).
Lula starts to infer things about Clay, telling him that he “look[s] like you live in New Jersey with your parents and are trying to grow a beard” (8). “You look like death eating a soda cracker” (8), she says. Because her presumptions are mostly correct, he assumes she must know him in some way. She insists that she doesn’t and starts flirting with him more, putting her hand on his knee.
Lula then offers Clay an apple, which he accepts. “Eating apples together is always the first step” (11), Lula says. Lula asks if Clay wants to “get involved” (11) and Clay responds, “Sure. Why not?” (11). Lula takes Clay by the wrist and starts shaking it, while asking him, “I bet you’re sure of almost everything anybody ever asked you about…right?” (11).
Clay urges Lula to explain how she knows so much about him, and she insists he’s a “well-known type” (12) that she’s very familiar with. They keep talking, and Lula suggests that Clay take her to the party he’s going to. Clay agrees, but first asks her name, which she first says is Lena). She asks for his name and insists again that he take her to the party, but when he asks, she responds, “I’d like to go, Clay, but how can you ask me to go when you barely know me?” (16). She then escalates her flirting, “grab[bing] his thigh, near the crotch” (17), before slumping in her seat and thumbing through the pages of a book, silent and seemingly bored.
Clay starts engaging Lula in conversation again, asking if she’ll go to the party, and she becomes “strangely irritated” (17). “Don’t get smart with me, Buster. I know you like the palm of my hand” (17), she says. Clay asks if he’s said something wrong and she gets animated again, asking why he’s wearing a jacket and tie. Though she first asks because of the heat, she adds, “What right do you have to be wearing a three-button suit and striped tie? Your grandfather was a slave, he didn’t go to Harvard” (18). Clay says his grandfather was a “night watchman” (18), and Lula says Clay must have gone to a “colored college” (18). Lula asks Clay, “Who did you think you were?” and though Clay responds he thought he was Baudelaire in college, Lula responds, “I bet you never once thought you were a black nigger” (19).
Lula once again becomes friendly, telling him that everything he says is “perfect” (19) and he should be on television. Lula claims she’s an actress and immediately denies it, explaining that “I always lie” (19).
The two start talking about Clay’s parents and their political affiliations; Lula begins toasting to them and then to Clay, saying, “yea yea for you, Clay Clay” (20). Though joking at first, Lula’s statements take a turn as she says, “May the people accept you as a ghost of the future. And love you, that you may not kill them when you can” (21). Clay is confused, and Lula accuses him of being a “murderer,” saying, “You know goddamn well what I mean” (21). Lula says that “we’ll pretend the air is light [… and] the people cannot see you” (21). “And that you are free of your own history. And I am free of my history,” she continues, before yelling “GROOVE!” before the stage goes black (21).
Scene 1 introduces the relationship between Lula and Clay. Their meeting immediately starts out on a flirtatious and optimistic note; the prologue specifies that after making eye contact with Lula for the first time, Clay is “more comfortably confident, hoping perhaps that his memory of this brief encounter will be pleasant” (4), and their first interactions are playful and lighthearted.
This scene establishes a strong, yet mysterious, sense of who the two characters are. Clay, as assessed correctly by Lula, is a young man attempting to seem intellectual and more mature than he perhaps is. Lula is clearly flighty and dramatic, with easily changeable emotions. While Lula’s spot-on assessment of Clay feels harmless in the moment, looking at it in retrospect with the play’s ending suggests her treatment of Clay is likely a pattern of behavior for Lula. Her saying, “I know [Clay’s] type very well” (12) hints that she routinely preys on and destroys intellectual, young black men who do not conform to traditionally “black” stereotypes.
Though Scene 1 is overall much more lighthearted than Scene 2, there are signs that foreshadow the play’s more explosive conclusion. Lula’s offering of an apple to Clay—and his acceptance—solidifies their relationship while alluding to the story of Adam and Eve, with Lula as an Eve-like temptress whose apple offering will bring about Clay’s downfall. She also begins making comments about Clay’s race that will soon escalate as the play continues. Clay appears to react more lightheartedly to Lula’s racist antics in this scene; according to the stage directions, Clay is “stunned but […] quickly tries to appreciate the humor” (19).
The scene finishes with a dark turn, foreshadowing the ending’s tone. Lula accuses Clay of being a murderer and says they will “pretend the air is light and full of perfume” (21). This notion that Lula is “pretending” to accept things are fine between them suggests their flirty relationship is not actually as light and breezy as it seems, and that Lula appears to have a darker view of Clay than she initially suggests.