50 pages • 1 hour read
T. J. NewmanA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
The plane, by itself, symbolizes a ship or vessel for which Bill is responsible, a gathering of souls under his care. Bill is a shepherd figure: it is his job to see these souls safely to their destination. The plane also represents his work and sense of responsibility, which the opening chapters of the novel indicate sometimes distract from his focus on his family. In this sense, the plane also represents a transition or shift in Bill’s mindset: over the course of the novel, his time on this particular plane reminds him of the importance of spending time with his family.
The hijacked plane, however, taps into the ambient anxiety of the post-9/11 United States surrounding terrorism executed by Middle Eastern perpetrators. Domestic extremists, largely members of white supremacist groups, are behind the majority of terrorist attacks in the United States (Steven Chermak, Matthew DeMichele, Jeff Gruenewald, Michael Jensen, Raven Lewis, Basia E. Lopez. “What NIJ Research Tells Us About Domestic Terrorism.” National Institute of Justice, 4 Jan. 2024). Nonetheless, in the wider public mind, Islamophobia remains strong enough to cement an association of Middle Eastern faces with the term terrorism. In this context, and in the context of the novel, the plane also symbolizes an effort to undermine the American way of life, which Newman portrays as rooted in family, self-sacrifice, and democracy.
Newman uses a laptop and the FaceTime communication app to suggest how the very technology that connects with loved ones also leaves us vulnerable. This symbolism of technology parallels the theme of The Power of Strong Relationships, indicating the dual nature of this power: just as deep bonds can empower us, loss of those bonds can drive us to do terrible things. Similarly, just as these tools usually close distances, at least figuratively, Sam uses them to create a keen awareness of the physical distance between himself and Bill: Bill seemingly has no means of rescuing his vulnerable wife and children. The laptop and FaceTime app go from allowing Bill to communicate with people he trusts to allowing Sam, his family’s kidnapper, to manipulate Bill while he struggles to fly a commercial aircraft. By using tools that Bill normally uses to keep in contact with his family as a source of threats, Sam compounds Bill’s sense of lost control.
The novel’s use of a social media influencer, whose fame and influence spreads the word of the hijacking, further builds on the dual impact of technology. The influencer places a picture of himself in an oxygen mask on social media and gives the explanation the flight attendants gave him, only for the falsehood to be quickly corrected by his many followers. This manner of crowd-sourcing can offer powerful checks to the truth: within a short span of time, the lie is undermined. The attention this one influencer wields, though, contrasts with the lack of attention paid to the victims that Sam and Ben are seeking to avenge. In a world where information is more freely available and widely and rapidly shared than ever, Americans are nonetheless ignorant of their own country’s international impacts.
The gas canisters that Sam and Ben elect to use against the American passengers evoke events from the real-world attack on Kurdish victims. In 1988, Iraqi dictator Saddam Hussein used chemical weapons against a small Kurdish town, sparking wide condemnation (Lazghine Ya’qoube. “The Halabja Massacre: 35 Years Later.” The Guardian, 16 March 2023). The gesture, to the two terrorists, is symbolic and retributive, representing that Americans are no better than Hussein or more innocent than Kurds. These canisters also symbolize Bill’s helplessness while his family is still being held by Sam because he is forced to throw the first canister and allow Ben to toss the second. These moments add tension to the plot, pulling attention toward the moment when Bill will be expected to choose between saving his family or crashing the plane into the stadium.
By T. J. Newman