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50 pages 1 hour read

Ahmed Saadawi

Frankenstein in Baghdad

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2013

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Chapters 16-19Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 16 Summary: “Daniel”

Sultan’s car never makes it to Amman: Armed gangs were waiting on the road, hijacking and killing unsuspecting travelers. Saidi attempts to warn him, but he is unable to reach him. The previous day, Abu Anmar also left Baghdad after selling the Orouba to Faraj. Not 10 minutes after Abu Anmar leaves, Faraj takes the sign down and renames the hotel the Grand Prophet Hotel. He is about to go to the bakery when a massive explosion takes place.

A week earlier, Elishva finally accepted Faraj’s offer to buy her house because “Daniel” had returned. In the face of Elishva’s resistance, Father Josiah and Elishva’s daughter Matilda concocted a plan to take advantage of the striking similarity between the eldest son of Elishva’s daughter Hilda, whose name is Daniel, and Elishva’s son Daniel to finally convince her to leave Baghdad and emigrate with them to Australia. They spend the evening together, and the more they talk, the more convinced they both are of their shared memories, and Elishva finally agrees to move to Melbourne.

The men from the charity had stopped visiting her, so her only option was to sell the house to Faraj and all her belongings to Hadi, shocking both men. Following her departure, Hadi moves everything worth something out of the house. That night, the Whatsitsname returns, saddened that Elishva is gone; he spends the night in the house, curled up with Nabu, the cat. 

Chapter 17 Summary: “The Explosion”

Before dawn that morning, while the Whatsitsname is still sleeping, Majid’s senior astrologer awakens him to tell him where the Creature is and says that he needs to act urgently. When they arrive, they discover that Bataween is being sealed off because of a suicide bomber. The bomber is in a car directly below Abu Salim’s balcony; however, Abu Salim only watches passively. The explosion rocks the neighborhood, destroying the old houses on Lane 7, including Elishva’s and Hadi’s. Faraj and Hadi both suffer serious injuries, but both survive. Abu Salim’s family survives inside the home, but Abu Salim falls to the ground and is seriously injured; later, from his hospital bed, he takes great pleasure in recounting everything he’s seen from his balcony over the years.

Just before the explosion, Majid bypasses the cordon. The senior astrologer quickly reads the cards and tells Majid that the Creature is no longer in the house, saying that he left just 15 minutes ago. Majid insists on checking for himself, but the astrologer tells him that they are in fact responsible for the car bomb, as the junior astrologer sent the bomber there intending to kill the Creature. The bomb goes off, and they depart as the dust settles.

Back at his office, Majid discovers that the bomber originally planned to attack the police academy, but the junior astrologer pushed him to Bataween instead. Two weeks later, senior military and American officers open an inquiry into Majid, and he realizes that rather than being promoted, he may lose his job.

Mahmoud is asleep when the explosion takes place but far enough away that he goes back to sleep rather than investigating. When he does hear about it, he is initially worried for Abu Anmar and Hazem, but Hazem tells him that he is currently embedded with the United States Army and that Abu Anmar has left Baghdad. At the magazine offices, some government men and armed guards are already there; they tell Mahmoud that they are shutting down the magazine and seizing its assets, and that Saidi has stolen millions in aid from the United States. The men take in Mahmoud for questioning.

Majid, meanwhile, is subjected to an “endless” interrogation by Iraqi intelligence officers and American liaison officers. He fires the astrologers, who, as it turns out, have been in the midst of a power struggle for some time. The senior astrologer washes himself, trims his beard, and changes his clothes, deciding to take on a new image and a new life. When he leaves, he hires a taxi to take him to his home in the southern Zaafaraniya district. However, the driver encounters a roadblock and a detour and must let the astrologer out early on a side street. There, on Lane 7, the astrologer encounters the Creature. The Whatsitsname tells him that he wants the hands that dealt the cards, while the astrologer wants to finally see his face for the first time. When he does, he realizes the face is familiar, but still strange; after he dies, the Creature chops off his hands. 

Chapter 18 Summary: “The Writer”

The narrator meets Mahmoud by chance in a café where Mahmoud is selling his belongings, including the digital recorder, which he is selling at a $300 markup to include the story on it. The narrator initially tries to bargain him down, but Mahmoud insists that he needs the full $400 so he can pay what the magazine owes its former employees, and the narrator relents. Over the next few days, he receives more documents via email from a “second assistant” about the Tracking and Pursuit Department.

In detention, Mahmoud is interrogated for many hours, though he isn’t beaten, as he expected to be. In the morning, he is released. He sells off his belongings and decides to return to Maysan. Before selling his phone, he tries to reach Nawal, but her number is no longer in service. The narrator suspects the story is made-up, but while in a ward of the Kindi Hospital, he recognizes the voice of “the creature” in Abu Salim, who tells him more details. The narrator is still uncertain of the story’s veracity, but he is now interested in trying to corroborate it.

Hadi must remain in the hospital for some time. Once, when he needs to relieve himself, he gets a glimpse of himself in the mirror and is struck by how disfigured his face is—he reminds himself of the Whatsitsname. He screams in such terror that he falls and knocks himself unconscious. The Whatsitsname continues his mission, while fear of him and rumors about his existence continue to spread. Everyone believes his existence to be the secret plot of some other organization. Brigadier Majid is forced into retirement, but he once again uses his connection to get back into government service, now as a security officer in a remote local police headquarters.

The narrator continues to investigate the story for many months. However, he doesn’t manage to speak to Faraj, who now spends most of his time at home, and Umm Salim does not allow him to meet with Abu Salim again. At one point, he sees a picture of Saidi and realizes that he saw him some years prior at a conference; he was so impressed as to hope that someone like him would eventually take over in Iraq.

The closer the narrator gets to finishing the story, the more he fears his arrest, and eventually that is what happens. His incomplete, 17-chapter version of the novel is confiscated, and he is told he is not allowed to rewrite it. He begins to do so anyway, but he receives an email from the “second assistant” with a report suggesting he is going to be rearrested; in fear, he packs his belongings and disappears. 

Chapter 19 Summary: “The Criminal”

Back in Maysan, Mahmoud is lying low to avoid the Mantis. One day, he receives the news that the Mantis has been killed: His car was ambushed on a highway and riddled with bullets. Mahmoud leaves the house for the first time in ages. Remembering that he hasn’t checked his email, he goes to an Internet café. Among his messages is an email from Saidi, who insists he is innocent and claims that the charges are a preemptive measure to keep him from taking down those in power. He claims that they visited Majid so that the astrologers could read Mahmoud’s future and that the result was that Mahmoud will become prime minister of Iraq. Saidi claims that all of his actions were meant to train and strengthen Mahmoud for that role and that he now wants to offer himself to Mahmoud to help him fulfill his destiny.

Mahmoud initially wants to apologize. Then, thinking about his interrogation, he starts to write a response cursing him off. Finally, he erases that email and sends Saidi’s message, along with a set of photographs from Hazem, to the narrator. He explains later that he thought maybe one percent of Saidi’s message might be true, and so he chose to leave it in a gray area, “trying to use Saidi’s own style against him, leaving him uncertain” (276).

On February 21, 2006, Hadi is arrested and charged as Criminal X. On the television, Aziz doesn’t recognize Hadi; Mahmoud believes the arrest to be a frame job in an effort to close the case. People in the streets rejoice, and in all the commotion, no one notices a pair of eyes looking out from the now-abandoned Orouba Hotel. The strange man smokes and watches the celebrations silently along with Nabu the cat, as they “were now close friends” (280).

Chapters 16-19 Analysis

The return of Daniel at the start of this section reinforces explicitly our unique desire and ability as humans to see what we want to see in others and our surroundings, a core theme of the novel. The reader is only briefly led to believe that this might be the actual Daniel, both because it was never previously mentioned that Elishva has a grandson named Daniel and because we’re reminded at several points that someone returning from a war years after leaving is not actually all that uncommon of an occurrence in this war-torn country. This possibility is quickly dispelled, however, and neither Daniel nor Nader attempts to outright lie to Elishva. Instead, they count precisely on our desire to see what we want to see, and they turn out to be correct, as Elishva does in fact see her son in her grandson—and rather easily, as well. Moreover, this meeting promotes a sense of shared familial memory, as Daniel—who previously had no real affinity for the grandmother he had last seen as a child—also begins to feel strangely familiar with her. As a result, Elishva’s part of the tale comes to a close rather quickly, as she is now able to move on from the past and thus from Baghdad.

This theme is reinforced in Saidi’s part of the tale. Mahmoud is caught up in Saidi’s charges and unable to reach him, and it would appear as if Saidi has in fact been fooling him all along. (It’s worth noting that in Mahmoud’s interrogation, again, beliefs do not match reality—he expects to be tortured because that’s what he was told would happen, but in fact nothing of the sort does happen.) However, it is important to note that Saidi’s version of part of the events does seem to match what we’re told as readers: Sultan’s car, carrying Saidi’s family, never makes it to Amman. The novel does not confirm or deny Saidi’s presentation as a whole, but there is at least some grain of truth in his version of events.

Ultimately, this appears to be the treatment of truth, identity, and morality in the book: as something ever-changing, dependent on one’s own perspective and context. This treatment fits the novel’s use of the source material, as the Creature is quite literally constantly undergoing change, as well as the novel’s refusal to clearly define the characters involved, suggesting that the US invasion of Iraq has, in many ways, left the country in a perpetual state of disarray. Stability isn’t possible in this context. Stability would require a stronger understanding of the nature of the city and its people; however, not only do people see what they want to see, but quite frequently they see the worst.

The novel leaves open the question of how much of it actually happened. The final two chapters throw into disarray the place of the narrator in the larger text (or, more accurately, return us to the disarray that was hinted in the Prologue): up until “The Explosion,” the novel suggested a non-participant narrator from outside the story; however, the narrator reinserts himself shortly after the explosion, and the narration then moves completely into a first-person point of view in the following chapter, suggesting that the novel is actually being told by an author within the story, one who received this story from Mahmoud and the “second assistant.” Then, this suggestion is again undermined in the final chapter, which now refers to the writer in the third person and appears to move to a narrative perspective outside the story.

All of this works to confuse who is telling the story, and as a result, we don’t know how much of the story is true within the storyworld. Hadi is arrested as Criminal X, which leads to rejoicing in the streets, though some—like Mahmoud and Aziz—are not convinced that he could have been the criminal. Neither is it clear that there ever was a Creature, and if there wasn’t, it’s not clear how many other magical realist elements are meant to be taken at face value, as well—for example, it’s only impressive that the senior astrologer knows where the Creature is if the Creature actually exists; otherwise, it means nothing. Likewise, it’s not clear if we’re meant to assume that Elishva is actually talking to herself rather than the Creature, much as she likely is with Saint George—it is only the narrator that makes them the same Creature, whereas in the story, Elishva despises Hadi, and they never refer to their respective beings as being the same. Even the final scene refuses a clear reading: We know only that a stranger watches the celebrations while smoking, but it’s not clarified who that stranger is.

The novel’s answer to this ambiguity seems to be that it simply doesn’t matter. As Mahmoud tells the writer in the final chapter, he ultimately chooses not to tell of Saidi on the small, one-percent chance that the hard-to-believe and the true were the same thing. He chooses to recognize in the world the possible good rather than the possible bad, while still refusing to confirm one or the other, either to himself or to the world. 

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