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67 pages 2 hours read

Susan Vreeland

Girl In Hyacinth Blue

Fiction | Novel | Adult

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Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “Love Enough”

The chapter begins with Richard, an artist and teacher at a boy’s school, narrating the story about Cornelius Engelbrecht and his coveted painting. Cornelius, a math teacher, always seems controlled and internalized: “distracted by a mystery or preoccupied by an intellectual or moral dilemma” (3). Cornelius and Richard attend their dean’s funeral. Afterward, Cornelius invites Richard over to his house, and Richard believes it’s because the dean’s last words, “Love enough,” have stirred him.

When Richard arrives, Cornelius takes him to a large study. Richard is immediately taken with the beauty of a painting on the wall. He mentions that it looks like a Vermeer. Cornelius tells him it is a Vermeer. Richard sows doubt, and the two men discuss their opinions about why or why it is not a painting by the famed Dutch painter. Many of the attributes of the painting do seem to be in the style of a Vermeer, but there is no signature. When Richard asks Cornelius whether he has had it appraised, Cornelius quickly says no; “I prefer it not be known. Security risks” (8). Cornelius tells Richard that he just wanted him to see it and appreciate it.

Richard grows suspicious. He asks Cornelius how he obtained the painting, and Cornelius tells him that his father picked it up at an “advantageous moment” (9). Cornelius saturates Richard with many details about Vermeer: Vermeer’s life as a painter, where he lived, and how many children he had. Richard is impressed, but also thinks Cornelius sounds like a braggart.

After Richard leaves, Cornelius remembers his father, Otto. Otto left the painting to Cornelius when he died. Otto taught Cornelius chess, took him to the zoo, and schooled him in art. When they left Germany for America, his father brought his most prized possession, the painting of the girl in blue. Without explanation, Otto told Cornelius that when his friends asked, he should tell them they were Swiss, not German. When Cornelius was in college, his father moved the painting into the study and installed a lock. Cornelius noticed how self-satisfied his father seemed whenever he went into the study and looked at the painting.

Cornelius later learned that Otto was a lieutenant in the German army during World War II. He overheard his father tells his uncle about the Raid of the Two Thousand that took place August 6, 1942. His father described how he and other Nazi soldiers dragged the Jews out of their houses because they were not properly reporting to their deportation orders. One night, in a very upscale home, Otto and his fellow soldiers came across a 10-year-old boy. Otto gloated, “I shoved my boot up the dirty Jew’s ass” (12). Otto had not missed the expensive looking tea set in the house, nor had he missed the painting. Later, when they’d met their quota of Jews, Otto went back to the house. The tea set was gone, but Otto took the painting.

During his formative years, the painting troubles Cornelius. He reads books about Dutch art and the German Occupation of the Netherlands. He travels to Amsterdam and determines the painting his father looted from the Jews is a Vermeer, though he still never gets it certified.

As much as he covets the painting, Cornelius can’t stop thinking about how his father looted it. When Cornelius marries, and he shows his wife the painting, she doesn’t believe it’s authentic. When Cornelius refuses to tell her where he got it, their love goes sour, and she leaves him within a year. From his death bed, his father tries to explain to his son why he joined the Nazi party. He makes excuses, and Cornelius sees his father for what he is: a man who cannot own his sinful history. Cornelius knows he could never have the painting authenticated. He imagines the Israeli soldiers who would come to his door, armed with guns and revenge.

Before he invites Richard that fateful day, Cornelius understands that the painting does not belong to him. After several coffees spiced with whiskey, he takes the painting down and touches the cheek of the girl in the painting. He strokes her neck. He wets his lips and touches her breasts. Profoundly troubled, he knows that his lonely life is due to the painting. He decides to set it on fire, but he realizes he needs to know if it’s a Vermeer first. If it’s not a Vermeer, maybe that means it’s okay to keep and enjoy. He decides to risk exposure just to share the pleasure of the painting with another human. He needs to know if it’s a Vermeer, or else his carefully constructed existence, cultivating his loneliness and keeping the lie of the painting to himself, would have been for nothing. He fantasizes about telling one person, without shame, where the painting came from. Maybe in that act, he will be redeemed.

The narrative switches in the end to Richard’s point of view again, just as it had been in the opening of the chapter. Richard speaks with Cornelius at school, asking him questions. Cornelius is haughty and insists the painting is real. Richard tells him that a Dutch painter named Van Meergeren forged Vermeers and sold one to the Nazi, Hermann Goering, the leader of the Nazi party. The Dutch government learned of the sale and arrested Van Meergeren for treason for selling a Vermeer to the Nazis. That’s when Van Meergeren confessed to selling a fake.

Cornelius insists he knows about this, yet he is certain his painting is a real Vermeer. When the two men return to the study to look at the painting, Richard sees how much Cornelius loves it. He finally gets Cornelius to tell him the story of how he came to own the painting. Though Cornelius has sanitized the truth, Richard understands the true story and is disgusted. Cornelius tells Richard that he almost set it ablaze, and Richard is horrified that Cornelius thought destroying the painting could atone for keeping it hidden all these years. Richard realizes that Cornelius is seeking absolution for his greed and his lies from an artist, who might forgive him out of love for the painting. He leaves Cornelius’s house in disgust. 

Chapter 2 Summary: “A Night Different From All Other Nights”

The decree from the Germans is eight months old, and Hannah’s father has not yet sent his pigeons off to his partner in the diamond business in Antwerp. Now, if he is caught doing so, instead of turning them in, as the decree says of all animal ownership, then he might be in serious trouble. So one day, he asks Hannah to write a note: “Kill my pigeons” (37). Her father knows he can’t ask his partner to feed them, but he must not return the pigeons either. He has Hannah write instructions about the last things his partner should do before he kills the pigeons: pet them, love them, and feed them till they’re fat. Then, he ties the note to the pigeons and throws them into the air and watches as they fly off.

The next day, Hannah sees the pigeons returning. It’s too late to get rid of them, and she grows afraid: “She felt her breath leak out and leave only blackness” (39). She reads the return note attached the pigeons and learns the Germans have taken over the diamond trade in Antwerp. She watches her father pet and stroke his birds with love, and she wishes they could be freed into the wild, which would be fitting since it’s Passover. She knows logically it would be the cruelest way to kill them. She waits every day, wondering if this will be the day her father kills the birds while she watches her mother and grandmother clean everything for Passover. She sits and looks at the beautiful painting of the girl in the blue dress. She recalls the day her father purchased it at an auction to benefit the German Jewish refugees who had fled the Nazis. He paid a lot for it.

Just before Passover, Hannah’s mother gives Tobias, Hannah’s brother, the only food she has for the pigeons—potato skins. Tobias is worried about what they’ll feed them tomorrow. Hannah listens to Grandmother Hilde scolding her mom for making the boy sad. Then, she yells at Hannah to help her mother. Hannah refuses, and Hilde shames her until her mother asks Hannah to go to the store for the parsley and the egg to go on the Passover plate. Hannah agrees and puts on her sweater with the yellow star. Before she leaves, she hears her grandmother shouting at her mother about Hannah’s insolence and laziness, lack of maturity, and lack of friends. She yells, “You’ve got to do something, or she won’t have the strength” (48). Hannah slams the door on her way out. She thinks how she had a best friend named Maria, but now Maria won’t speak to her anymore because she’s Jewish.

As she walks on, she sees two German soldiers and fear grips her; “For a moment, the whole world stopped” (49). She wets her pants and begins to sweat. She must jump out of the way because the Germans won’t move. Things are getting scary. She isn’t sure what’s happening but knows it’s bad. A few minutes later, she sees a Jewish family heading to Westerbork, a German concentration camp. She catches the eye of the scared boy. She doesn’t understand why them and not her.

Later, Tobias brings in one of the pigeons’ feathers and brushes it along a wooden spoon where the crumbs from the cooking are. Hannah’s father takes the feather, the spoon and the crumbs and puts them in a paper bag to be burnt the next morning. That night, while Tobias sleeps, Hannah looks at him and sees how much he resembles the boy in the street. In the morning, the family watches while Sol, Hannah’s father, burns the bag and its contents. Hannah thinks, as the flames converge from either end of the bag, that it looks like the red sea converging, not parting.

Later, just before sundown and the start of the Passover holiday, Hannah dusts the painting of the girl while her father and Tobias leave to gather up the two German refugees for Passover. Grandmother Hilde believes that the girl in the painting is looking out the window waiting for her future husband. Hannah rolls her eyes. She says the only thing that matters is that the girl is thinking. It doesn’t matter what she’s thinking, only that she is thinking. Her mother asks Hannah if that is why she likes the girl in the painting. Hannah says yes, but she also likes the girl because she knows the girl. Hannah gets up, goes to the chicken coop and kills the pigeons. Her mother knows what she is doing and afterward quietly tells her to wash her hands. Hannah hears her mother warn her grandmother to be silent. She says, “This is one time, in your son’s home, you will say nothing, Hilde. Nothing” (58).

Her father and Toby arrive with the two German Jewish refugees. One is a boy about Tobias’s age. Hannah’s mom keeps Tobias busy getting things ready for the Passover dinner to deter him from taking the boy to see the pigeons. Then, Hannah’s mom pulls the Delftware sabbath candles from the sideboard and tells Hannah that they were her great-great-grandmother’s. She says that Hannah should wash them and put them on the table, they are hers now, for tonight and forever. As the sun sets, Hannah’s mother passes the lighting of the sabbath candles to her daughter, and Hannah watches the candlelight illuminate the image of the girl in the painting. She knows why this night is different from all other nights. 

Chapter 3 Summary: “Adagia”

On an afternoon stroll, Laurens and his wife, Digna, watch as their daughter, Johanna, leans into her fiancé, Fritz. Laurens does not approve of the union. He believes they are too conspicuously happy. He enjoys when the dog, Dirk, tries to get between the two lovebirds. But there is one moment in which he is moved by the joy between them, which hints that Laurens might be thinking more about himself in love than his daughter.

As they walk, Digna suggests to Laurens that they should give them a gift: the painting of the girl at the table. They call the painting, Girl With a Sewing Basket. Laurens disagrees. Neither of them believes it’s a Vermeer, but they both love the painting. He suggests she give them one of her embroidery adages instead. Laurens admits that he bought the painting because it reminded him of a girl he once knew: “The way the girls is looking out the window […] waiting for someone. And her hand. Upturned and so delicate. Inviting a kiss” (67). Digna is shocked since he gave her the painting for their anniversary.

Laurens tells Digna about the girl. He dare not look at the expression on his wife’s face, but he wonders if she sees the sweetness he does when he speaks about his first love. He is clueless to the fact that it hurts his wife. As the conversation continues, he tells her intimate details about the woman and why the relationship didn’t work out. When Digna asks if he loved her, he doesn’t answer, but it’s obvious he did.

Laurens finally realizes Digna’s hurt: “He felt, rather than saw, Digna move away” (71). He wants to tell Digna the times he remembers being with her, but her straight back and the way she appears makes him feel tongue-tied. Later, when Fritz and Johanna come into the warm house, they notice that something has changed. Johanna thinks her mother’s sudden bad mood has to do with her love for Fritz. Fritz leaves early, and Johanna asks her father if he is happy for her. She tells him that she never knew love could bring a person such a sense of power. Later, Digna picks up her embroidery. Laurens asks her what adage she is embroidering now. She tells him the Latin and then translates it for him: “Remember no wrongs” (75).

Laurens goes outside and stands near the canal. He thinks of his old flame, Tanneke, and remembers how much she incited his lust and how fast he’d fallen for her. He wonders if it was Tanneke, himself, or the euphoria of first love that made him remember. He knows it’s the latter and wants to tell Digna that he doesn’t love Tanneke, but he decides he should wait till the awkwardness dissipates. He thinks of all the times he has looked at the painting of the girl in blue and thought not so much of Tanneke, as of love, and the way one should pay attention to it. Before returning inside, he thinks about the ordinariness of his love for Digna, how unspoiled and beautiful it is.

Inside, he sees Digna has stopped sewing. She tells him she took her cue from the painting—in the painting, the girl is not sewing. She tells Laurens she looked up the Latin word that was part of the adage she was sewing. She tells him how after Erasmus liberated Athens from the Thirty Tyrants, he issued a decree that prohibited bringing up the past. They call the decree Amnestia. Amnesty. Laurens wells up with tears. He knows then that they will give the painting to their daughter. He wonders if Digna will hang the adage she has stopped embroidering for the moment, on the wall in place of the painting, but she would never do that. He tells Digna that if the girl in the painting could look in, at them, and not out the window, she would see the two most enviable people in the world. Digna smiles and tells him that if he looks long enough, out or in, he will be glad at who he is.

Chapter 4 Summary: “Hyacinth Blues”

Back in time to the late 1700s: Claudine, a wealthy woman in an arranged marriage, is unhappy. She and her husband, Gerard, have left Paris and moved to the Netherlands. Claudine does not like the Dutch. They are out of step with the latest fashions, and in all other things, backwards. One thing that Claudine likes about the Dutch are the paintings. Gerard has given her one by what he says is a minor artist, Johannes Van der Meer. The painting is of a girl in a blue dress, and it makes Claudine think about the fact that she cannot have children. This is a great disappointment to her and to Gerard, who has always wanted a son. She thinks the gift of the painting is to placate her for the two more years she must spend in the Netherlands. Later, she realizes that her husband has been having an affair with the Countess Maurits, the lady of the Mauritshuis Mansion.

One day, Claudine attends a small orchestra at the somber brick mansion owned by the countess. The countess is in charge of the musical entertainment for the rich people. There, Claudine spots the violinist and instantly finds him attractive. She discreetly asks the countess where she might find him. The countess tells Claudine that he is staying at the Oude Doelen, a hotel where Claudine herself stayed when she and her husband first moved there. Claudine realizes she needs two things to seduce him; an invitation to the Binnehoff concert where he will next be playing, and a new gown.

She manages to finagle an invitation to the Binnehoff mansion to watch the concert. She brings her husband. By the middle of the concert, she thinks she’s in love with the violinist: “I was dizzy to the point of rapture” (90). She remembers the moment when her husband began to love the Dutch. They had been in the bedroom dressing, and he called her name. At that moment they both realized they had stopped trying to get pregnant. After that, Gerard became more and more part of the Dutch culture. Now, Claudine is after only one thing; a love affair with the violinist. She hopes it will change her sour mood. Perhaps he could indeed, “with his swirling variations on a theme, sweep away the despair” (94) of her restlessness. She writes to the hotel and invites him, and three of his favorite musicians, to give a chamber concert in her home. He agrees and suggests that they take a ride through the forest.

On the day of the chamber concert in her home, she sends the houseboy to find hyacinths, but he returns to say there are none. She is disappointed, thinking how well they would have matched the gown she had made and the blue smock the girl wears in the painting. During the concert, Claudine is swept away with lust, though she also wonders whether this is the first inkling of love. Afterwards, she flirts with the violinist and lures him into the drawing room, telling him she has a small Dutch masterpiece. She taunts him, saying, “A painting of a young girl, a virgin” (100). He follows her in and in no time, he is beneath her gown, trying to get through all the petticoats and crinoline. She worries that he might be suffocating. As they make love, Claudine hears giggling and sees that she has been caught in the act by none other than Gerard and Countess Maurits, who themselves are having a tryst. The first thing Claudine considers is that now she is free to return to Paris.

Claudine’s husband is furious and screams at her well into the night, concerned that the news will be all over The Hague by the next morning. She doesn’t care. She believes that this betrayal will give her the freedom she desires. She falls asleep thinking what a pity it was there were no hyacinth at the party.

The next day, she wonders how to get the money to leave immediately for Paris. It would take too long to get it from her father. Then, she realizes she has the painting. She will sell it. As she wraps it to take to the art dealers in town, she is struck by the calm beauty in the girl’s face. It unnerves her and causes a pang. She realizes the girl in the painting is a true romantic: “When she became a woman [she] would risk all, sacrifice all, overlook and endure all to be one with her beloved.” Clearly, Claudine is nothing like this, But she has never been in love. She takes the painting but has to leave its papers behind because they are under Gerard’s lock and key. She tries to sell it, but because she has no papers, she is only able to get 24 guilders.

She packs her trunks, and before she leaves, she weeps, not because she is sad, but because the painting would go forth forever without its papers, verifying it’s a Vermeer. The thought makes her cry harder because the painting would be “an illegitimate child, and all illegitimacy, whether of paintings or of children or of love ought to be a source of truer tears than any [she] could muster at parting” (107). As she watches the Dutch countryside from her carriage window, she wordlessly thanks the violin player for freeing her from her sad, loveless life. 

Chapters 1-4 Analysis

The author opens the book with the overriding theme of love. It becomes apparent that the love the characters demonstrate throughout the first four chapters is often complicated and painful. The choice to begin the book with a chapter titled “Love Enough” signals the irony about the difficulty of loving the ones who are un-loveable and calls to mind situations when love might or might not be enough. The intentional ambiguity of this title offers the reader a chance to explore the various forms of love that exist. Cornelius must reckon with loving his father, a Nazi, and attempt to reconcile the painting’s dark past with his love for the piece. The author suggests that love can border on obsession if it’s misused or misunderstood. In one sense, Cornelius’s dilemma is one of inheriting evil. The response of his colleague at the school is abhorrence and, indeed, Cornelius’s relationship with the painting causes that response.

In this chapter, the author illuminates both the power of art and the power of one’s relationship with art—whether that relationship be love or a twisted perversion. Certainly, Cornelius’s colleague thinks his obsession is the latter when he realizes that Cornelius is trying to drag him into the secret and justify his decision to hide the painting. The art teacher’s response shows what readers are meant to see when he gazes at the painting one more time. He is disgusted, so the painting to him is disgusting. This moment suggests that you can love something for the wrong reason. Additionally, human evil is capable of corrupting the sublime beauty of rare art. 

This theme continues in “A Night Different from All Other Nights.” Hannah is about the age of the girl in the painting, and she identifies with her. To Hannah, the purchase of the painting was a surprise. She loved it from the start, seeing its remarkable beauty. As an introvert, Hannah believes the girl in the painting “seemed more real than the people in the room.”

Additionally, Hannah realizes that she loves the girl from the painting’s “quietness.” She understands that the girl who, looking outward and being still, can still have passion and desire. Given this passion, she thinks the girl in the painting “was capable of doing some great, wild, loving thing” (51). It is this idea inspires Hannah to kill the pigeons and spare her beloved papa from the pain of doing it himself.

Hannah clearly loves her father, but she sees that he is weak and cannot face the reality of the Holocaust. In killing the pigeons, we see Hannah as a realist who loves her father enough to do the dirty work. Hannah’s mother recognizes it as the act of an adult, and she hands Hannah the Passover candles, indicating Hannah is now mature enough for a role in Shabbat. This moment signifies Hannah’s coming of age and her development as a character. Here, she is moving past her grandmother’s expectations and assisting in the preservation of her family.

Through these two stories, the author shows us that art can create suffering, but it can also create the wonders of sacrifice and profound love—love that stands in for courage when necessary. “Adagia” shows the reader that love is a reconciler as well. Laurens is caught in the past, but he recognizes the infinite love of his wife. Like the girl in the painting, Digna is still and calm. This realization is ultimately what brings Laurens into the present and away from the torture of his lost first love.

Love, the story tells us, is patient and forgiving. Digna, whose very name signals her dignity, is an artist in her own right. In the same way that the painting speaks to her, Digna’s own artistic endeavors speak to her husband. It is through her embroidery that she communicates her dismay. Earlier, their daughter proclaims the power of love for herself by saying, “Isn’t love the absolutely most stupendous thing” (74). The rhetorical question sends Laurens into a tailspin, but in the end, Laurens is redeemed when he recognizes his love for his wife. He no longer needs the painting, as he no longer needs a reminder of what he thought was love—he had real love all along in Digna. They gift the painting to their daughter and her husband.

The author also shows how love can come to an end. Claudine, the supremely narcissistic character in “Hyacinth Blue,” sees the painting in frivolous terms. She wants to paint a string of pearls around the girl’s neck, revealing how invested she is in appearances. \ She sees the painting as a gift that would keep her quiet for the years she and her husband—an arranged marriage—must spend in The Hague. What she doesn’t see, as with many of the other characters, is the artistic splendor or the depth of passion in the painting. She feels stirred only by the superficial beauty of it: “The girl was lovely” she says, “I claimed her with all my heart.” This is a proclamation in the style of a young woman who has fallen newly in love but lacks the deep insight into the often painful passion of real love. She knows her husband is cheating on her, so she rewards him in kind. She doesn’t take the marriage seriously because she is not in love. So, the girl in the painting takes on new meaning.

Claudine believes the girl would sacrifice everything for love, and she realizes she must sacrifice her marriage and security in the hopes of finding real love. This moment is the one that precedes her transformation. The painting that changes Claudine’s emotional life becomes a vehicle now of changing her physical life. She sells the painting, leaves her husband, and puts her old life away. She mourns its lack of authenticity. What she doesn’t realize, ironically, is that she is actually mourning her own inauthenticity.

The first four chapters are charged with irony and personal transformation. The symbolic nature of the painting changes according to the personality of the person who beholds it. Love and art, the stories tell us, are often interchangeable. Our humanity, or lack thereof, imbues art with meaning. 

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