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47 pages 1 hour read

Seymour Reit

Guns For General Washington

Nonfiction | Book | Middle Grade | Published in 1990

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Chapters 9-17Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 9 Summary: “News and Rumors”

Paul Revere Jr. listens to the toll of church bells in Boston, which have become a frequent and mournful presence in the city, often marking the death of smallpox victims. Venturing out, Paul navigates through the quiet streets, avoiding the glares of British soldiers and passing by landmarks that have been repurposed by the occupying forces. Paul makes his way to Long Wharf, a once-bustling center of trade now desolate under the British blockade. Now, the only people there are small groups clamoring for news. Paul finds Old Toby there, a seasoned boatman known for his knowledge of the latest gossip. Toby shares the news of a recent privateer success: Captain John Manly’s capture of the British supply ship Nancy, which carried a valuable cargo of munitions. Still, Toby tempers the excitement by pointing out the ongoing shortage of gunpowder. When Paul inquires about Will, Toby tells him about the mission to retrieve the cannons.

Chapter 10 Summary: “Heading Overland”

The convoy’s first leg of the overland journey is a 10-mile trek from Fort George to Glens Falls. The terrain proves to be extremely difficult, with the convoy navigating the frozen, uneven trails of the Adirondack foothills. The trail is rough, with hard ruts and ridges that make progress slow and arduous. The artillery train stretches nearly a mile long, with Will overseeing the rear. Midway through the journey, an accident occurs when the Beckers’ wagon, carrying a brass cannon, veers off the trail after a lead horse stumbles on a rock. J.P. is thrown from his seat but is unhurt. It takes several troopers to get the heavy wagon back on track, causing a significant delay and leaving a gap in the convoy. In response, Henry changes the rules to ensure that if one unit encounters trouble, the entire convoy will stop to keep the group together and ensure that there is enough manpower to handle any issues that arise.

As night falls, the weary convoy finally reaches Glens Falls. At the local inn, Henry meets with Will and other convoy leaders to plan their next move. The plan is to cross the frozen Hudson River and head south to Saratoga. Will suggests that the impending snowfall could actually help their journey by making it easier for the sleds to move across the snow-covered ground.

Chapter 11 Summary: “Into the Storm”

On Christmas Eve, Henry’s wish for snow is granted. The convoy successfully crosses a frozen section of the Hudson River and heads toward Saratoga, with Henry optimistic that they are on schedule to deliver the cannons to General Washington within two weeks. The convoy moves steadily through the snow at first, receiving a warm welcome in Saratoga, where the townspeople bring food and drink to celebrate their arrival on Christmas Day.

However, as the convoy leaves Saratoga and enters the Hudson Valley, their luck changes. The temperature drops sharply, and a fierce blizzard engulfs the convoy, with driving winds and ice making progress nearly impossible. Snowdrifts block the path, forcing the men to stop frequently to shovel the snow away. As the snow deepens, reaching over two feet, the horses are unable to continue, and the convoy grinds to a halt. Recognizing the severity of the situation, Henry decides that some of the men must push on by foot to reach the nearby town of Stillwater and bring back help. Henry leads this group while Will stays behind.

Chapter 12 Summary: “A New Start”

Henry and a rescue party make a grueling march through a snowstorm to reach Stillwater. The conditions are harsh, with snow three feet deep and a severe wind making progress difficult and exhausting. The group finally reaches the town, where they are helped by a man who sends supplies to aid those trapped in the pine grove.

Meanwhile, in the grove, Will is doing his best to keep the men and animals warm and maintain morale. As the storm subsides, Henry arrives in Albany to report to General Schuyler. Although Schuyler still harbors doubts about the feasibility of the mission, he respects Henry’s determination and agrees to help. He promises to replace the exhausted horses and care for the sick men, though finding willing replacements proves challenging due to the dangers of winter travel.

For four days, Schuyler’s men search the countryside, negotiating with farmers to secure new teams and drivers. Finally, on December 31, the convoy is ready to resume its journey. Their next obstacle is crossing the Mohawk River near Lansing’s Ferry. Initially, Henry expects the crossing to be straightforward, but upon inspection, Will and the other men discover that the ice is thinning and melting, making it too dangerous to support the weight of the heavy wagons.

Chapter 13 Summary: “Good News for the British”

While Henry Knox’s convoy is stalled at the Mohawk River, General Howe is busy formulating new plans aboard the HMS Somerset. He received a secret dispatch from London that brought a rare moment of optimism. The dispatch detailed the assembly of a new, larger supply fleet that was set to cross the Atlantic, bringing Howe the reinforcements he desperately needs—40,000 troops and weapons to bolster his efforts against the colonial forces.

This is good news for the British navy, which has recently faced setbacks. The previous supply convoy from England was scattered and damaged by a hurricane in the Atlantic. Many of the ships were blown off course to the British West Indies, delaying their arrival and depleting Howe’s resources. Additionally, Howe has been plagued by American privateers, whom he viewed as pirates. These privateers have successfully captured British merchant ships, stealing supplies.

Chapter 14 Summary: “Dangerous Ice”

On New Year’s Day, 1776, the men work together to strengthen the ice on the river. They chop holes in the ice, allowing water to flow over and freeze, creating thicker layers to support the weight of the heavy cannons and sleds. Will is uncertain if the ice will hold, but Henry decides to proceed cautiously, moving the lighter guns first, one at a time, with a rope attached to each sled. A man with an axe walks alongside, ready to cut the rope if the sled begins to break through the ice to prevent the team from being dragged under. The first sled, driven by Henry himself, makes it safely across.

By nightfall, all but three of the heaviest cannons have made it across. Henry has the men chop more holes in the ice to thicken it further, preparing to attempt the crossing with the largest cannons the following morning. The next day, the first two of the heavy cannons make it across without incident, but when Will attempts to cross with the final and largest gun, the ice begins to crack. The ice finally gives way, and the cannon plunges into the river. Thanks to the quick action of the axe man, the rope is cut, saving the oxen from being dragged under. J.P. Becker’s father is injured while trying to control the panicked animals, but the injury is not serious. The men focus on rescuing the submerged cannon once it is clear that Becker will recover.

With determination and teamwork, the men haul the cannon out of the river and onto the bank. Exhausted from the ordeal, they camp by the river’s edge, but J.P. stays up to watch over his father. The next morning, J.P. volunteers to take his father’s place driving their wagon, with his father guiding him from the passenger seat.

Chapter 15 Summary: “Marking Time”

General Washington presides over a ceremonial flag-raising, where the “Grand Union” flag—the first flag representing the colonial cause—is raised. When he returns to his desk, he reads the latest report that describes the slow and challenging journey due to harsh weather and difficult terrain. The delay weighs heavily on Washington, who is increasingly anxious about the timing of the artillery’s arrival. The winter has been harsh, not just for the British but also for the Continental Army. Many New England troops, who had enlisted for six months, are now leaving as their terms of service ended. The lack of a financial bonus and the soldiers’ waning morale leads many to return home, frustrated by the prolonged stalemate and the lack of progress.

General Washington, concerned about the army’s diminishing numbers and morale, contemplates attacking the British in Boston. However, he is overruled by Congress and the War Council due to the lack of sufficient powder and artillery, making such an assault too risky. Instead, Washington focuses on strengthening defensive positions and capturing strategic outposts like Cobble Hill. By early 1776, reinforcements arrive, bringing the army’s numbers up to over 10,500 men, but Washington knows that sheer numbers are not enough without adequate weaponry.

Chapter 16 Summary: “The Ghosts of Bloody Pond”

The convoy moves along a narrow trail on the west bank of the Hudson River. At the front of the line, J.P. Becker manages the horses with his father by his side. As evening falls, a mist begins to rise from the river, and the convoy continues through an eerie, quiet landscape. J.P. recognizes the area as a battlefield from the French and Indian War. The nearby pond, known as Bloody Pond, is said to be haunted by the ghosts of those who perished in the battle. J.P. begins to see what he believes are ghostly figures of soldiers and warriors from the battle. His fear grows, and when his horses suddenly rear and panic, it seems as though the phantoms are real. The commotion startles the entire convoy, nearly causing a pileup as the spooked animals refused to move forward.

J.P. shouts in fear, convinced the ghosts of Bloody Pond are responsible. However, the real cause of the disturbance is revealed when the troopers discover a drunken colonial soldier lying on the trail. The soldier, who had wandered away from a nearby fort and decided to sleep on the path, is the source of the horses’ fright.

Chapter 17 Summary: “South to Claverack”

As the convoy reaches the area south of Albany, they face yet another obstacle: the Hudson River, which is choked with massive ice floes due to a sudden thaw. They had planned to cross the river at this point to access the Old Post Road, a smoother route that would take them quickly to the town of Kinderhook. However, the thaw makes crossing impossible, leaving the convoy stranded on the wrong side of the river. Henry, feeling the pressure of the delayed schedule and the mounting difficulties, decides to wait and hope for another freeze that will solidify the river enough for safe passage. After two days of tense waiting, the freeze finally arrives, and the convoy carefully crosses the now-solid ice. Once on the Old Post Road, the convoy makes good progress and reaches Kinderhook without any major incidents. They continue on to Claverack, where they receive a warm welcome from the local community.

Just as things seemed to be improving, a sled carrying an 18-pounder cannon collapses, its structure weakened by the rough journey. The sled is shattered, and with no spare sleds available, Henry and his team are forced to build a new one from scratch. The process takes two full days, but eventually, the convoy is ready to move again. Their next step is crossing the Berkshire Mountains.

Chapters 9-17 Analysis

The primary theme that runs through these chapters is endurance—both physical and psychological—as the convoy is repeatedly Overcoming Physical and Environmental Challenges. From Paul’s experiences in a desolate, occupied Boston to Henry Knox’s grueling journey through harsh winter landscapes, the narrative consistently highlights the sheer persistence required to sustain the revolutionary cause. The description of Boston as “dull and gloomy” (57) under siege establishes a tone of despair and decay, reflecting the internal struggles of the characters as they grapple with fear, uncertainty, and a sense of impending doom. This endurance was tested repeatedly as Knox and his men confronted environmental obstacles, such as uneven terrain and shifting weather patterns. The physical hardships symbolize the broader struggles of the revolution, where every inch of progress was hard-won.

The landscape in these chapters is not just a setting but a powerful adversary that the characters must face and overcome, epitomizing the Environmental Challenges of the difficult journey. The harsh winter environment—with its frozen rivers, deep snow, and rugged mountains—symbolizes the many obstacles the revolutionaries encounter on their path to independence. The Mohawk River, in particular, reflects the fragile state of the revolution. As the convoy crosses the dangerous ice, “the ice crackled a few warnings, but it managed to hold,” with the sled inching forward “foot by slow foot” (81) across the frozen river. The cracking ice under the weight of the cannons echoes the precariousness of the revolutionary cause, where every step could lead to disaster. Additionally, the relentless winter storms battering the convoy represent the unpredictable and often hostile forces the revolutionaries must navigate. In Chapter 11, a storm rages with “waves of snow” and “a howling wind whipped stinging needles of ice into the faces of men and animals” (69), a description that not only conveys the physical pain and exhaustion the characters endured but also symbolizes the external pressures and internal fears threatening to derail their mission.

J.P. Becker’s growth from a scared boy to an active member of the convoy is a key part of these chapters. Initially, J.P. is easily frightened and believes that the ghosts of Bloody Pond are causing the horses to panic. As the story progresses, he begins to take on more responsibility and shows increasing maturity. The experience with the “ghosts” is a turning point for J.P., helping him to overcome his fears and take on a more courageous role. His journey from innocence to experience parallels the broader transformation many young soldiers experienced during the war.

The chapters also highlight the role of communities in supporting the revolutionary cause, an extension of the theme of The Impact of Ordinary People on History. In Chapter 12, when the convoy reached Stillwater, the local villagers came together to provide “food and supplies to relieve the crew trapped in the pine grove” (73). The revolutionary effort was not solely the work of soldiers but was sustained by the contributions of ordinary citizens. Their willingness to help demonstrates how the collective efforts of ordinary people were essential to overcoming the logistical challenges of the war. These small acts of bravery and generosity, while perhaps not celebrated in grand historical narratives, were nonetheless crucial to the success of the war.

The chapters explore the tension between idealism and the harsh realities of war. The symbolic raising of the “Grand Union” flag represents the colonies’ declaration of their new identity and aspirations, but this ideal meets the grim reality of General Washington’s depleted forces and the challenge of maintaining morale. Washington observes that “the colonial troops were tough and independent. They had joined the army with high hopes; now they were cold, homesick, disillusioned, and angry at the long stalemate” (90). This interplay between high ideals and practical difficulties shows the complexity of the revolutionary struggle, where the lofty goals of liberty and independence must be balanced against the immediate needs of survival and success in battle.

General Washington’s inability to attack Boston due to a lack of weapons is one way that The Strategic Importance of Artillery in Warfare is conveyed. The title of Chapter 15—“Marking Time”—shows how paralyzed Washington is by the dearth of artillery. Another testament to the importance of artillery occurs when Knox and his team expend time and effort to haul the submerged cannon out of the river rather than leaving it. It’s simply too precious to the war effort and cannot be sacrificed.

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