logo

68 pages 2 hours read

Sinclair Lewis

It Can't Happen Here

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1935

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.

Chapters 30-34Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 30 Summary

In late June of 1938, another newspaperman in Vermont is mistakenly arrested as the editor of Vermont Vigilance and sent to a concentration camp. Jessup wants to confess but is prevented from doing so by Buck Titus, Wilgus, and Sissy. Emma tells Jessup that it’s lucky that they arrested someone else instead of him; she considers his New Underground activities as a mild nagging of the government in his old age. Emma is also glad that Lorinda has left town, as she thinks her progressive beliefs are a bad influence on Jessup.

As predicted, Haik becomes Secretary of War and High Marshall of the Minute Men. Rumors start to circulate about a rift between Windrip and Sarason due to the latter’s homosexuality. Tasbrough becomes District Commissioner, and Swan becomes Provincial Commissioner. Reek is sent to the concentration camp.

The New Underground headquarters in Montreal sends out a warning that agents have been disappearing. Buck dismisses the warning, but Jessup becomes more nervous and cautious. One evening, Jessup feels that he is being followed in his car by Ledue; once he loses his tail, he goes to the cell and tells everyone they need to pack up their operation and hide the printing materials elsewhere. Jessup continues writing an article about murders ordered by Swan, which he hides in the stove in his office.

On the evening of July 4, a car speeds into the driveway and a group of Minute Men Jessup doesn’t recognize march inside, announce he is under arrest, and begin beating him. Mary, Sissy, and Mrs. Candy attempt to intervene but are restrained; Emma does nothing. A beaten Jessup attempts to make it to his study to burn his papers, but the Minute Men find them first. Jessup is driven away and transferred to a black van; Buck Titus, Truman Webb, and Dan Wilgus are also in the van and have been arrested.

At the District Headquarters, Jessup spends three nights being repeatedly beaten and forced to drink castor oil. He hears that Wilgus has committed suicide and almost breaks when he is told, falsely, that Buck Titus was the one who informed on their cell.

Eventually, Jessup is taken for his trial. Judge Swan presides. Tasbrough falsely claims that Jessup turned against the regime after not being offered political office, and Ledue falsely claims (though he can no longer look him in the eyes) that Jessup tried to persuade him to join an assassination plot. Swan sentences Jessup to a minimum of 17 years in a concentration camp and then gives him a suspended sentence of death by shooting, to be carried out at any time Swan wishes.

Chapter 31 Summary

Jessup is taken to the Trianon concentration camp north of Fort Beulah. The Superintendent, Captain Cowlick, is not particularly cruel and too mild-mannered to stop the cruelties of the Minute Men guards. Cowlick allows Jessup to recover from his torture for a month in the hospital, where he is examined by Dr. Olmsted. Olmsted tells Jessup that his family is safe, and that their cell has ceased publishing new material, but still gathers and passes on information. Olmsted also uses his influence to get Jessup a desirable job on the cleaning detail.

Jessup winds up sharing a cell with Karl Pascal, who quickly becomes his best friend in prison. While Jessup sympathizes with the mostly working-class prisoners, he still does not believe in a dictatorship of the proletariat, nor the false prophets of the USSR. Jessup finds that equal to the physical torture is the torture of waiting, since he has no idea how long he will remain imprisoned, nor when Swan might order him shot.

In September 1938, Julian and Reverend Falck are brought into Trianon after Julian is caught passing information. As the first spy caught among the local Minute Men, Julian is treated incredibly harshly and kept in an open, barred, den so that passing guards can beat him and laugh at him whenever they wish.

Later in September, Jessup is told to confess everything he knows about Julian’s activities, but he refuses. Jessup and Reverend Falck are then brought together and told that each informed on each other, but each refuse to condemn their fellow man. Falck curses the guards and is beaten to death.

In October, Pollikop is thrown into Trianon on suspicion of helping refugees, and he and Pascal pick up their arguments just where they left off.

Chapter 32 Summary

Dr. Adams, an African-American professor who lost his job to an unqualified white man loyal to Windrip’s regime, is speaking to a colony of former slaves in Vermont, preaching they take a realistic path that is neither acceptance of slavery nor revolution. Ledue, sent to censor the lecture and resentful of the man’s intelligence, arrests Adams after he claims that African-Americans are as intelligent as white men. Adams is placed in the cell with Jessup and Pascal–ostensibly as a punishment to them–but the three become fast friends. Adams is later moved to solitary confinement.

In November 1938, Shad Ledue–the person responsible arresting half of Trianon’s prisoners–arrives in the concentration after being arrested for graft. Immediately, the other prisoners begin plotting how to kill him; Jessup unsuccessfully begs them to show restraint. Though Ledue is kept separate from the general population, during an exercise hour, the prisoners create a distraction and someone throws a wad of waste soaked in gasoline into Ledue’s cell. The cell immediately ignites, and Ledue is burned alive.

After Ledue’s death, Cowlick is replaced as superintendent by Snake Tizra, who announces collective punishment until the person responsible for Ledue’s murder is found. The prisoners refuse to speak, and Tizra orders 10% of the prisoners killed at random; among the dead is Professor Loveland.

In December 1938, all visitors and letters are suddenly disallowed, and new arrivals are kept separate from the other prisoners. No one is sure if this is more collective punishment, or if something has happened in the outside world. 

Chapter 33 Summary

With many of their members arrested, Mary Jessup has taken command of the Fort Beulah New Underground Cell. However, at this point, all they can do is assist refugees fleeing to Canada and forward on news to other cells. Furthermore, Mary has become even angrier at the regime and more fanatical in her resistance efforts. She now talks about carrying out assassinations and suggests, to Sissy’s horror, that she goes to live with Ledue. Mary becomes frustrated with the cautiousness of the other cell members, and at home she becomes angry with Emma, who complains more about the soldiers damaging her tables than she does about the regime arresting Jessup.

Eventually, Mary decides to kill Judge Swan, whom she blames for the death of her husband and the arrest of Jessup. She visits the concentration camps to say her goodbyes to Jessup and Titus, and then moves to Albany, where she enlists in the Corpo Women’s Flying Corps. Mary excels at her flying classes and begins practicing frequently with grenades. While staying at a Minute Men boarding house, Mary overhears soldiers discussing Swan’s frequent trips around the country by plane.

In November, Mary prepares to take her sixth solo flight, where she is due to take off from the same airfield where Swan is boarding his private plane. Mary steals three hand grenades from the armory, which she intends to use to destroy Swan’s plane from the air. Mary flies above Swan’s plane and drops her grenades, but misses with all three. Out of options, Mary opts to crash her plane into Swan’s, killing them both.

Chapter 34 Summary

In late September of 1938, Julian is caught spying and sent to Trianon by Shad Ledue. Shortly thereafter, and following Mary’s suicide attack (which is treated as an accident by the regime), Philip comes to visit Emma and Sissy. Philip tells them that there is a strain of madness that affects part of the family, and warns Sissy to watch out. Philip tells them that with Jessup in jail, they should close up the old house and invites Emma, Sissy, and David to come stay with him at his modern house in Worcester. Emma decides to go with David, but Sissy refuses and decides to move to Beecher Falls with Lorinda after renting out the house.

With only Sissy and Mrs. Candy left in the home, Ledue decides to make his move and comes to visit one evening. Sissy now furiously hates Ledue but is afraid that he plans to rape her and worries that Julian or Jessup will be punished for her actions. Sissy allows Ledue to flirt with her, and he eventually reveals that he promises large Minute Men orders to shopkeepers in exchange for bribes, and keeps the records in his safe. Sissy is able to get Ledue to leave without sexual contact by promising him that she will be ready to be with him in a few days. After Ledue leaves, Sissy sees that Mrs. Candy was standing hidden guard with a large kitchen knife. The next day, Sissy reveals Ledue’s corruption to Tasbrough, and he is sent to Trianon and killed by other prisoners.

Sissy feels sick at sending someone to their death, but also realizes that she is capable of doing it again if need be. Sissy leaves Father Perefixe–who has spent the last two years saying he is about to move back to Canada–in charge of the New Underground cell, rents out the house, and moves to Beecher Falls.

Sissy is happy to find that Lorinda Pike treats her as an equal, rather than a child. The two discuss Mary’s death, and agree that it was a suicide attack, which the Corpo regime has claimed was an accident in order to deter future assassinations. Finally, Lorinda reveals that she has a plan to help Jessup escape Trianon and smuggle him to Canada by bribing a camp guard. A few days later, Sissy and Lorinda receive word from the New Underground that Sarason has deposed Windrip in a coup and seized power.

Chapters 30-34 Analysis

These chapters, covering the period from June to December 1938, mark the darkest point in the novel, as Jessup is caught and sent to the Trianon concentration camp along with many of his friends and comrades. In contrast with the earlier romanticism of his spy work, Jessup is now forced to experience the harshest conditions the regime has to offer, as he is tortured and forced to see several of his friends also imprisoned or killed. In particular, Sissy’s boyfriend, Julian–who until this point had been a symbol of youthful goodness–suffers the harshest consequences when he is caught working as a double agent by the Minute Men.

This section also completes the character arcs of several secondary characters, namely Ledue, Mary, and Sissy. Ledue, despite his zealous activities on behalf of the Minute Men, still feels that he is disrespected by the upper-class men who continue to rule the country, and is revealed to be lonely. This resentment towards the upper class was a major role in his support for Windrip in the first place, and now it becomes clear how this anger and resentment has been channeled by the powerful in their own interests, leaving Ledue only marginally better off. He also finally faces his consequences for his behavior, as he himself is imprisoned in Trianon and killed by people he was responsible for sending there.

Mary is used to demonstrate the inevitable resistance that totalitarian regimes engender against themselves. The killing of her husband and the imprisonment of her father drive her to take revenge against the regime by killing Swan, now an important member of the Corpo regime. Emphasizing this theme is how Mary utilizes the very tools of the regime against itself by learning how to fly and use grenades.

Sissy completes her arc in this section as she is forced to shed her innocence and naïveté. In contrast with her earlier flippancy towards the threat of Ledue raping her, Sissy now realizes that it’s a real possibility, and that he might retaliate against Julian and Jessup if she attempts to stand up to him. Sissy indirectly kills Ledue after she reveals his graft to Tasbrough, and she realizes that she is capable of killing again, if necessary. She then finally abandons the symbol of her family life by renting out the Jessup home and moving in with Lorinda Pike. This completes her coming-of-age and at the same time reveals how this developmental milestone has been corrupted by the regime.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text