57 pages • 1 hour read
Wendell BerryA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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In 1942, news of World War II begins to circulate and Jayber worries about the effect it will have on the small town. He does not feel the government has much care for tiny places like Port William, but its people are just as vulnerable as any to pain and loss. Jayber is 28, and he thinks about what part he should play in the war. He does not agree with killing people because Jesus said to love your enemies, but he also does not want to shirk his duty. Miss Gladdie Finn is Jayber’s neighbor who lost her son in World War I and tells Jayber she is fearful of another war. Miss Gladdie is a woman from another time, and Jayber admires how she has continued to live despite enduring such a profound loss. Jayber decides to register for the draft and goes to have his medical examination. The doctor discovers he has a heart murmur and therefore cannot serve. He is at first incredulous but ultimately relieved. The community collectively grieves each time a son or daughter is killed in the war. Jasper Lathrop is called up and closes the store, and so it becomes a gathering place for the men left behind. Burley’s nephew Tom is killed in North Africa, and Mat Feltner’s son Virgil goes missing in action but is never found. Jayber helps both of his friends through their grief by allowing them to sit in the shop and listening to them talk.
Jayber surmises that Port William is divided into two classes: Cecelia Overhold and the rest of the town. She sees herself as better than everyone else in town, and her only equal is her sister. Cecelia is originally from a wealthy family in Hargrave. She married Roy, who is below her social class, because he was handsome and she fell in love with him. She thought she could change him into her vision of the perfect husband, but Roy is the same person he has always been and has no plans to change. Cecelia uses church attendance to antagonize him, but Roy just sits in the back unchanged. When she tries to pick a fight, he just leaves, which only makes her angrier. Cecelia would like to live in California, a place she believes is far superior to Port William. “This ‘California’ was the stick she used to measure Port William, and to beat it with. And her mythological sister measured us Port Williamites with a foot or so to spare” (168). Jayber decides her hatred for him is largely due to his bachelor status and because Roy often comes to the barbershop to get away from her wrath.
Uncle Stanley Gibbs retires as Port William’s grave digger and church custodian, and Jayber is named as his replacement. Jayber takes the job because, at 31, he wants to build more of his savings and hopefully one day purchase a cabin on the river. Jayber feels bad for taking Uncle Stanley’s job and hires him as his supervisor. Jayber enjoys the solitary work of digging graves as well as the appreciation it gives him for those who have died. He sees the graveyard as a great equalizer and has an overwhelming love for all those buried there. “As I buried the dead and walked among them, I wanted to make my heart as big as Heaven to include them all and love them and not be distracted” (174).
Strangely, he often finds the cemetery as social a place as the barbershop. People gather to honor the dead and spend time with each other. Jayber’s favorite day of the year is Decoration Day, a Sunday set aside to decorate the graves, remember those lost, and share a communal meal. Part of Jayber’s duties include cleaning the church and ringing the bell, and, in time, he begins to attend Sunday services, not for religious purposes but to hear the ladies compliment his cleaning skills. Jayber’s feelings about organized religion are complicated. He loves the music and seeing all the people gathered together, but he does not agree with the doctrine, claiming “this religion that scorned the beauty and goodness of this world was a puzzle to me” (177). He would prefer the services be silent. Once when alone at the church, he has a vision of the congregation gathered and his Aunt Cordie and Uncle Othy are there. It is a comforting, heavenly image that brings Jayber to tears.
The emergence of World War II in the story adds another historical touchstone to the narrative. Jayber has experienced the 1918 Flu Pandemic, World War I, and The Great Flood of 1937. His life is becoming a map of major world events at the beginning of the 20th century. The First World War occurred in his childhood and is a hazy memory at best, but this war arrives in the prime of his life and at a time when he is becoming more connected to the people in his community. The war threatens to injure or destroy people he has come to love like family. The propagation of war gives Jayber another opportunity to discuss his dislike of institutions, such as the government and news media. The government does not care about small towns like Port William and does not resist sending its young men and women off to war to be killed. Jayber’s internal conflict, however, leads him to feel he should volunteer for the war he so ardently opposes out of a sense of duty to his community. If others must serve, he must do the same. The collective sacrifice must include him. In an ironic twist, Jayber is deemed unfit to serve after his medical exam. The author makes use of circular narrative patterns to give an account of Jayber’s life. Like his failed calling to be a pastor, he has now failed the calling to be a soldier. Whether by fate or circumstance, Jayber is destined to stay in Port William. Though he never becomes a pastor or heroic soldier, Jayber’s role in the community during wartime is no less important. He becomes a source of friendship and comfort to those who have lost loved ones, and his barbershop becomes a hospital for the brokenhearted.
Jayber still feels as though he lives on the fringes of society, and Cecelia Overhold becomes a living reminder of his self-doubt. She holds a strong power over those around her, making them feel small and insignificant. Similar to Troy Chatham, Cecelia is the antithesis of all that Jayber sees as valuable in a human. Additionally, she is cruel to her husband, a friend Jayber loves. Jayber has become fiercely protective of his community, and whether it be impending war or a vituperative wife, he abhors anything or anyone that threatens its integrity or unity. His relationships with women have been limited, and Jayber does not claim to be an expert nor even understand them. He knows he loved and respected his Aunt Cordie, and he cannot deny his infatuation with Mattie. Cecelia Overhold is hostile, belittling, and the complete opposite of what he loves about the other women in his world.
The only relationship in his life more complicated than those with women is Jayber’s association with religion. In another ironic turn, Jayber, the failed minister, becomes a church steward who digs graves, cleans the building, and rings the bell. Though not the high-profile position of the pastor, Jayber sees his church duties as no less sacred. He considers it an honor to cover the bodies of the townsfolk, some for whom he has come to care deeply. Jayber may not fully accept the fire and brimstone teaching from the pulpit, but he is overcome with love and tenderness for the communion of the saints. He sees more divinity in the humble, agrarian lifestyles they live than in the words of the sermons. It is no coincidence that Jayber reconnects with the church through the hard work of cleaning it, managing its burial grounds, and clanging the sonorous bell. In a way, he creates his kind of religion and is happy to practice it among his brothers and sisters, even if they may differ in interpretation. The title “The Beautiful Shore” is taken from the lyrics of “In The Sweet By and By,” a popular Christian hymn that speaks of the unity all believers will find in Heaven. Its lyrics paired with Jayber’s mystical vision of Heaven show a unified body worshipping not in a building but along the banks of a river, a true paradise for the narrator.
By Wendell Berry