logo

72 pages 2 hours read

Chris Cleave

Little Bee

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2008

A modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more. For select classroom titles, we also provide Teaching Guides with discussion and quiz questions to prompt student engagement.

Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Little Bee begins in the first person, from the voice of Little Bee. Little Bee is “an African girl” from Nigeria who wishes she could be “a British pound coin” instead because “everyone would be pleased to see [her] coming” (1). Unlike the pound, she has neither “power” nor “property” (1). She is not “free to travel safely” like money in the period of what “is called, globalization” (1).

Learning “the Queen’s English” (2) is Little Bee’s way of surviving. This required forgetting “all the best tricks of [her] mother tongue” (2). She learned it while held “in an immigration detention center, in Essex” (3), for two years. “The pretty ones and the talkative ones” could stay in the country, where others would be sent back (3).

Little Bee was released, she explains, and given a transport voucher and a phone call. The detention officer is not watching as she and other girls are released; he is looking at a pornographic magazine. Little Bee explains that she uses different language to explain the nature of this magazine to her reader than she would to her sister and other girls at home. They, Little Bee explains, would be shocked that “it is not shameful in Great Britain, to show your bobbis in the newspaper” (5). Many things about England would be “wonderful mysteries” (5) at home.

Little Bee explains that, in order to thrive in the detention center at the age of fourteen, she “made [herself] undesirable” (6). For two years, she “did not smile or even look in any man’s face” (6). Although she dressed like a man and bound her breasts, a “little bottle of nail varnish” from charity allowed her “to remind [herself she] was alive under everything” (7). She painted her toenails under her rough boots.

Unlike her sister, who became a woman in Nigeria, Little Bee “was a woman under white fluorescent strip lights” (7). She spent “cold years” in the detention center, and, she explains, she has “never really escaped” (7). Upon release, she was “a new breed of human” (8). In her rebirth, in the detention center, she “would cross the street to avoid [herself]” (8). She is “a halfling, a child of an unnatural mating, an unfamiliar face in the moon” (8).

In England, she is “lonely,” because she does “not look like an English girl and [she does] not talk like a Nigerian” (8). She is “a born-again citizen of the developing world” (8). Her scars unite her to the other girls in the detention center, the ones who are released, for whom “a scar means, I survived” (9). So, too, does the “sad story” (9) she prepares to tell her audience.

As she describes the day of her release, Little Bee remembers some of the girls who stood in line with her. One of them is “not pretty and she was not a good talker either,” but “she had her story all written down and made official” (10), which helped her be released and not sent home.

She remembers, too, that as the girls try to call taxi drivers to pick them up, no one will drive to the detention center where they are. The guard says that this is because “you people are scum” (12). Little Bee looks up “scum,” the unfamiliar word, in the dictionary she has been given, and she and others laugh at the incomprehensible definition; people who speak English “are like sorcerers and [they] have made [their] language as safe as [their] money” (12).

Finally, Little Bee uses her Queen’s English to convince a taxi service that she and the other girls are cleaners, not refugees. The bag she has been given she has a driver’s license in it for a man named Andrew O’Rourke, a man she met on the beach at home, and so she gives his address as their destination. Once a taxi is sent, she calls Mr. O’Rourke and asks if she can come visit him. He denies knowing her, because “all that stuff happened a long time ago and it wasn’t [his] fault” (17).

After Little Bee successfully calls the taxi company, the other girls introduce themselves. Yevette, a girl from Jamaica, wonders “what kind of place [Little Bee] come from, dey go round callin little gals de names of insects” (17).

As the girls leave, under the watch of the detention guard, Little Bee wonders “if they would come after [the girls] with dogs” (18). But outside, they are not followed. The smell of grass makes her “panic” (19). She is “neither a woman nor a girl, a creature who had forgotten her language and learned yours, whose past had crumbled to dust” (19).

Yevette pushes the scared girl forward onto the grass, where she meets “the soil of England as a free woman, […] not with the soles of [her] boots but with the seat of [her] trousers” (19). She undoes the binding over her breasts and walks free, recognizing “that the earth had not rejected [her]” (20). All around the girls, “the whole world was fresh and new and bright” (20).

Chapter 2 Summary

The second chapter begins, also in the first person, from the perspective of Sarah. It is 2007, she remembers, when Little Bee begins living with her and her family, after the death of her husband. Her 4-year-old son wears only her Batman costume at all times. He is haunted by Batman’s enemies, and he responds only to the name “Batman.” They were all “exiles from reality […] refugees from [themselves]” that summer (21).

Sarah is Andrew O’Rourke’s wife. Andrew “killed himself by hanging” five days after Little Bee called their house. His wife sees his death as “a refuge,” a place “where you go when a new name, or a mask and cape, can no longer hide you from yourself” (22). Five days after Andrew’s death, Little Bee arrived: “After a journey of five thousand miles and two years, she arrived just too late to find Andrew alive, but in time for his funeral” (22).

Together, Little Bee, Sarah, and her son walk to the church for the funeral. Sarah remembers feeling “dizzy and foolish” (23) while Little Bee comforts her, helps her cross the distance. Sarah’s son Charlie, dressed as Batman, seems excited at the way they stop traffic, the way the vicar’s outfit matches his own. Suddenly, he asks her: “Where’s Daddy?” (24). She tries to imagine how to explain Andrew’s “depression and guilt” (24) to their son. She remembers wondering how “an ordinary phone call, from a skinny African girl” (24) might have precipitated his death.

Andrew’s depression began two years earlier, the day he and Sarah met Little Bee on the beach in Nigeria. “A steel machete” (25) on that beach cut off Sarah’s finger, she tells the reader, leaving her unable to type the letters E, D, or C. Sarah enters into a slow, distracted retelling of the morning of Little Bee’s phone call. She knew as she heard Andrew decline guilt that he did not believe those words: “All that stuff happened a long time ago and it wasn’t my fault” (26).

To distract him, from the phone call and from the opinion column on war in the Middle East that he was trying to complete, Sarah pulls him into the bedroom to make love. He cries quietly. Their son walks in on this scene. He has pooped in his Batman costume. As Sarah cleans up and prepares for the day, Andrew eats breakfast. Sarah and Charlie leave him, silent, lying naked on the bed. His tendency to be “lost for words” had begun the day they met Little Bee.

She describes her morning at work at Nixie, a women’s magazine. Even before she hears about Andrew, she remembers feeling distracted, wondering what he might have been trying to say. At 10:25 a.m., less than an hour after she arrives, two policemen arrive at her office. When she arrives at the reception desk to greet them, they wear “no expression” (37), even as she offers them coffee or tea.

They apologize to her and do not say about what. Catching their glance at her lack of thumb, Sarah repeatedly begins to explain that it is not “a big deal,” even though she can “feel it” (38). The younger of the two officers explains to Sarah that her “husband was found unconscious” (38) at their home and was pronounced dead at 9:33 a.m. Sarah looks at her phone, at a message she had ignored earlier from Andrew. It reads: “SO SORRY” (39).

Sarah remembers that “the silence lasted all week” (39), wherever she went. In the church, then, she cannot explain something that she “hadn’t even accepted” (39) herself to her son. She trembles during the Eulogy. Charlie continues to ask for his father during the service, and Sarah explains, whispering, that Andrew is “in a really nice bit of heaven this morning” (40).

As they bury him at the cemetery, Sarah continues to work to explain heaven to her son. But when Charlie realizes that his father is in the coffin, he screams: “GET HIM OUT! GET HIM OUT!” (42). He runs and then falls into the grave, on top of the coffin, and this another mourner screams; Sarah thinks “it was the first sound, since Andrew died, that really broke the silence” (42).

With the confidence of Batman, Charlie screams and beats against the coffin; “he wouldn’t give up” (42). The other mourners are “paralyzed by the horror of this thing, this first discovery of death” (42). It is Little Bee who climbs into the grave, picks a fighting Charlie up, and hands him to someone outside the grave. Little Bee tries to comfort Sarah. The two women try “to smile at each other” (44). Andrew had been a columnist at the Times, and later in the week his editor sends a cutting of his obituary to her “in a heavy cream envelope” (44). 

Chapter 3 Summary

Little Bee’s voice, again, begins Chapter 3 with a description of “the things [she] would have to explain to the girls from back home” (45) about Britain. In Britain, she explains, horror “is something you take a dose of to remind yourself that you are not suffering from it” (45). In Nigeria, however, “horror is a disease and we are sick with it” (45).

Although she is a refugee, “there is no refuge” (45) from this horror. The passage to Britain, in a ship, was terrifying, as was the detention center, despite the charity boxes sent to it. “Now,” she explains, “the horror can speak the Queen’s English,” which is how “we can speak now of sanctuary and refuge” (46). In the detention center, Little Bee explains, she learned to “work out how [she] would kill [herself]” (46) in any new place. She fears moments when “the men” can “come suddenly” (47).

Her imagination indulged in visions of killer herself in the center, out in the English countryside, and eventually even at home in Nigeria. Eventually, this was her motivation to start eating: for strength, so that she could kill herself at the right time. Slowly, she “realized that [she] was carrying two cargoes,” one of horror and one of hope”: she “had killed [herself] back to life” (49).

Little Bee claims that “once you are ready to die, you do not suffer so badly from the horror” (50). This helps when, as Yevette explains, she leaves the center and becomes what “[d]ey call […] bein a illegal immigrant,” which is a “second kind of freedom” (50).

She remembers waiting for the taxi driver outside of the detention center. Yevette wondered if the taxi driver “soun cute on de phone” (53), and the girls begin to describe their ideal man. When the taxi pulls up, Little Bee hears Queen’s “We Are the Champions” playing on its stereo, which reminds her of a detention center guard who used to play the song. Little Bee tries to say “something that showed [the driver] we were not refugees,” so she says “Hello, I see that you are a cock” (56). He responds: “Don’t they teach you monkeys any manners in the jungle?” (56) and then speeds away.

Two men working in the fields stop the girls. They ask if they’ve “escaped” (59) from the detention center. Although the men poke some fun at the girls, one does finally admit his shock: “[H]ow can they release you without papers?” (61). He continues, saying that it is “bloody typical” of their government, which “doesn’t care about anyone” (61).

The men offer for the girls to stay, which makes one, a girl in a yellow sari, sob. Without regular seasonal workers, the farm’s dormitory is empty. Entering the chaos of the barn reminds Little Bee of “how it was when Nkiruka and [she] finally left our village back home” (64). She sinks into memories of the screaming and chaos in the village they left behind.

In the dormitory, Yevette and Little Bee share their plans. Yevette is worried when she sees Andrew O’Rourke’s ID, warning Little Bee that “dis is a white man” (69) she plans to meet up with. She urges Little Bee to go to London with her, where “for sure [they] gonna find some of [her] pipple” (69). But she will not tell Yevette the story of their relationship, beyond the fact that they met on the beach in the company of Andrew’s wife.

But it is hard for Yevette, too, to tell the story of her arrival in the United Kingdom. At home, she explains, “yu get on de wrong side of de politics,” and “dey gonna make yu suffah” (71). Because “pipple nivver believe dat about” Jamaica, she told her asylum interviewer that “if he arrange to get me release from dat place, he can do what he want wid me” (71).

Both girls begin to cry, but they also begin to laugh. Yevette asks, “What we gonna do wid our-selves?” (72). She explains that, although the girls have been released, they have not been granted asylum: The agent she compromised herself for could not accomplish that task. Little Bee is filled with fear because “[they] can’t do anything without papers” (73). But Yevette is sure that if they had tried to accomplish freedom in the detention center, “dere is only one place where proper procedure ends, an dat is de-por-tay-SHUN” (73).

The girl who will not say her name, who wears the green shoes, begins to scream as chickens enter the dormitory. She is hallucinating, saying the name of her youngest daughter. Little Bee comforts the nameless girl.

That evening, the farmer’s wife brings them food. She is “a kind woman” (76). Although she is surprised, she does not ask questions when they ask for a fifth plate, on which they save a serving for the daughter of the girl who does not have a name.

After dinner, in her sleep, Little Bee dreams of her village “before the men came” (77). There, “everything was happiness and singing” (77). The fields on which she played, though, were on top of an oil field, which men would soon fight over. “This is the trouble with all happiness,” she explains, that “all of it is built on top of something that men want” (78).

When she wakes up from her dream, the nameless woman has hanged herself from one of the long chains in the dormitory. Rather than wake up the other girls, Little Bee opens up the nameless woman’s bag and reads the official documents with her story written on it. Just like her own story, this woman’s begins with “The men came and they…” (79). She fantasizes about taking the documents and winning her own asylum case with them. This, she decides, would be immoral.

Little Bee leaves the dormitory immediately and walks into the field. Leaving Yevette is difficult, but when “you are a refugee, when death comes you do not stay for one minute in the place it has visited” (80). Refugees lack a flag; they “are not a nation” and “cannot stay together” (80) for long. She walks, following the light of London from a distance, until the gray morning rises and she comes upon an “incredible” (81) road.

After the fields, she comes into neighborhoods with clean, orderly houses and cars. She is hungry, and although her legs ache, Little Bee is “amazed by each new wonder” (83) in London. She knows that, if she follows the river, she will arrive in Kingston.

She is overwhelmed because “a million people [are] all around [her]” (84). If retelling the story to girls at home, not the “you” who she might have seen in the street that first day, she would need to “explain to them how it was possible to be drowning in a river of people” (84) but still feel “so very, very alone” (85). 

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

Little Bee, protagonist of the novel, thinks critically about her refugee status as she retells her story. The theme of being a refugee carries across into Sarah’s narration, too, as she remembers that after Andrew died the family had to be “refugees from [themselves]” (21). The idea of refuge, for Little Bee, is a false one: “there is no refuge” (45) from the horror that a refugee tries to escape. In this sense, refugee status begins to seem less like a geographic matter and more like a matter of the soul, as both women seek refuge and escape from trauma.

Choosing to run from difficulty does not mean that Little Bee does not think of her homeland. As a digression from her story, which she clearly tells to a British or Western audience, she often explains how she would need to tell girls at home about her life differently. They would be transfixed by the “wonderful mysteries” (5) in England. Little Bee learns to work the “Queen’s English,” but it does not make her English. Although “the horror can speak the Queen’s English” (46) now, that language does not free her from memory, good or bad. Yevette, who has not changed her speech, expresses a different kind of search for a home in London: She intends to seek out a community of Jamaicans who will make her feel at home among countrymen.

One of the results of that horror can be suicide. Both the girl who leaves the detention center and Andrew O’Rourke are victims of suicide. Even though Little Bee does not immediately explain the traumas experienced by all of these characters, her story connects violence, sexuality, and suicide. Indeed, sex reappears throughout her narration, despite that she is only a teenager. Yevette’s trade of her sexuality for freedom is not a surprise. Rather, it is part of the experience and trauma of her refugee status.

blurred text
blurred text
blurred text
blurred text