49 pages • 1 hour read
Louisa May AlcottA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
One hot night in July, Teddy shouts that he sees Dan outside the window, believing the runaway has returned to Plumfield. Mrs. Jo goes outside to look and discovers Dan asleep in a haystack. He appears bedraggled and has an injured foot. Mrs. Jo invites him inside, which Dan accepts, despite his fear that Mr. Bhaer will turn him away as punishment for having run away from his friend Mr. Page. However, Mr. Bhaer is happy to hear that Dan has returned, and the Bhaers decide to keep him at Plumfield and help raise him into the good man they believe he can be. Mrs. Jo praises Dan’s fortitude, which reminds her of her own fighting spirit as a young girl. Dan, softened by the Bhaers’ kindness, is grateful for their hospitality and promises to try to reform his troublesome behaviors.
Dan explains that he broke his foot hopping over a stone fence, and the next morning a doctor comes to set the broken bones, stating that Dan will need to stay in bed for at least a week. To entertain him while he recuperates, Mrs. Jo lets Nat and Demi visit him. Dan shares with them a collection of natural treasures he’s collected, including live crabs. While he was at Mr. Page’s farm, he met a naturalist in the woods called Mr. Hyde, who sparked Dan’s interest in learning about animals and plants. Mrs. Jo offers to reward Dan for his good behavior over the coming year by lending him the use of 12 drawers, one each month, to hold his collected specimens. Dan agrees, feeling renewed hope for his situation, and thankful for his experience of parental love after his neglectful childhood.
As Dan’s foot starts to heal, Uncle Teddy visits Plumfield with his golden-haired daughter Bess. Uncle Teddy takes Demi, Nat, and Dan on a carriage ride, and gives Dan an illustrated insect encyclopedia and a mummified beetle. Uncle Teddy also announces his plan to help the boys turn the old carriage house into a museum to display their collections of specimens and other treasures. The boys are enthusiastic about the transformation of the old building and help Uncle Teddy fill it with their things.
Jack suggests charging a fee for people to see it, but Uncle Teddy insists it should be free. He also suggests that the boys learn facts about the objects on display so that they better understand their significance. Mr. Bhaer likes this suggestion and adds that there should be a library with books about history and geology. Uncle Teddy offers to send more books over to fill the library shelves. Mr. Bhaer warns Uncle Teddy not to spoil the boys, as they will need to pay their own way in life. Uncle Teddy agrees to be prudent with his gift-giving.
Rob begs his mother to be included in the trip to the huckleberry fields for berry-picking, despite being younger and smaller than the other children. Mrs. Jo agrees that he can go because she wants to respect his wishes and not stifle his enthusiasm. She asks Silas to drive them to the fields in the hay cart so that Rob and Dan, whose foot is still recovering, can join the party.
Once at the pasture, Rob follows Nan over a fence and farther afield to find the biggest berries to collect for his mother. Nan invents a game of hide-and-seek, leading Rob to a cave where she wants them to hide until the other children find them. However, as night falls, they realize no one is coming and head back. They get lost in the dark and see a frightening shape they think is a bear, until they realize it is a cow. Nan tries milking the cow hoping to have milk and berries to eat, but the cow has already been milked that day. Hungry and tired, the two children fall asleep in the woods until Mrs. Jo discovers them after sending out a search party.
To teach Nan a lesson on “the difference between liberty and license” (183), Mrs. Jo ties Nan up to the sofa and instructs her to stay there all day and not untie herself. Then, she ties up Rob for a short time as well to remind him of his bad judgement in following Nan’s mischievous plan. Nan can see the other children playing outside, and smell the supper being cooked, and she grows more and more restless. She is sad to miss out on the events of the day, realizing how much she loves her life at Plumfield, and apologizes to Mrs. Jo for running away.
Uncle Teddy’s daughter Bess, whom they all call “Goldilocks” for her blonde hair, visits Plumfield. The boys are delighted by her sweet and sensitive nature, and work to earn her favor and not offend her with their rough manners and boisterous activities. Bess dislikes arguing, so they try to be quiet and peaceful around her. Even Nan, who usually runs wild around the school, is subdued by the little girl’s censure of Nan’s loud personality; Nan picks Bess an apple to create peace between them and even starts to practice her sewing to make Bess a bag to hold her apples, inspiring Mrs. Jo to motivate Nan by having her work on her domestic skills for charitable causes. Stuffy is inspired to share his treats with Goldilocks, and Jack agrees to have his warts treated to look more pleasant for her. Mr. Bhaer and Mrs. Jo are pleased and grateful for the change in the students’ behavior. When she returns home, they all reflect on the way her innocent nature inspired them to behave better and more gently. Her influence endears the boys to appreciate the value of women as tempering presences.
Tommy proudly shows off a dollar he earned from selling his hen’s eggs to Nat, his egg-hunting partner in “T. Bangs & Co.” Tommy hides it in a grain winnower machine in the barn, but when he returns to collect it, the dollar is not there. He accuses Nat, who denies being the thief. When Mr. Bhaer hears of the thievery, he also assumes Nat is the culprit because he was the only one who knew where the money was and has a history of lying. However, Mr. Bhaer waits until a boy confesses or until there is proof before punishing Nat. Despite this, Nat suffers under the boys’ suspicion of him as they all treat him coldly, and even Mrs. Jo seems disappointed. Only Daisy believes in his innocence.
Dan overhears Ned harassing Nat and accusing Dan of being in cahoots with Nat, which Nat vehemently denies. In defense of his friend, Dan tosses Ned into the river. As Dan and Nat talk the situation over, and Nat realizes that Dan knows who took the money but won’t say who it is. To protect Nat and the thief, Dan sells his insect encyclopedia to a neighbor for a dollar, wraps the money in a note with Tommy’s name on it, and places it back in the winnowing machine. The neighbor is concerned about the cheap price of the book and returns it to Mr. Bhaer, who confronts Dan. Dan confesses to returning the money, and everyone is shocked, assuming that Dan was the thief all along. Tommy is relieved that Nat is an honest business partner, and reinstates him in “T. Bangs & Co.”
Later, Jack is climbing a tree and gets stuck on a high branch, unable to hold on. Dan rushes in and saves Jack from a dangerous fall by using his weight to bend the branch closer to the ground. Jack is so grateful to Dan that it stirs his guilty conscience to confess that he was the one who stole Tommy’s money in the first place. He leaves Plumfield in the night to return home in shame, leaving a goodbye note behind that clears Dan’s name. Dan’s loyalty and self-sacrifice is admired by all.
In Chapters 10 through 14, Dan’s character transformation exemplifies the impact of The Development of Morality in Children who have previously lacked guidance. Mrs. Jo recognizes the challenge for Dan to overcome his neglectful past, calling Dan a “wild boy” and stating that reforming him would be “the best work of my life” (139). She attributes his resistance and unruliness to his lack of mothering and offers him the chance to adopt her as a mother figure, solemnly vowing that “You are my boy now, and if you choose you can make me proud and glad to say so” (141). This pact between them reassures and soothes the restless boy, motivating him to reform his character. The significance of Mother Bhaer’s caring influence on him is emphasized through Christian symbolism of Dan’s internal transformation, which is portrayed as a kind of possession: “two good angels had entered in: love and gratitude began the work which time and effort were to finish” (150). His desire for change is depicted through his bedtime prayers to “be good.”
When Nat is accused of stealing Tommy’s money, Dan’s loyalty and self-sacrifice signifies his moral growth. His loyalty to Nat despite his unpopularity is compared to that of Daisy, an unassailably virtuous character: “His idea of friendship was as high as Daisy’s, and, in his own rough way, he lived up to it as loyally” (204). Dan’s physical strength, previously a moral weakness when he used it to fight the other boys, becomes a valued aspect of his character. The simile of Dan standing like the Colossus of Rhodes to protect Nat from Ned’s bullying portrays Dan as a wonder of the world, elevating his status to a god—the actual Colossus of Rhodes was a giant statue of the ancient Greek god Helios. When the boys learn that Dan lied to protect Jack’s reputation, they are in awe of his fortitude—a new use of the strength that has sometimes gotten him into trouble. Dan’s actions are portrayed as virtuous, emphasized through parallelism and emotive language, “The lie was wrong, but the love that prompted it and the courage that bore in silence the disgrace which belonged to another, made Dan a hero in their eyes” (218). Dan’s poor reception when he first arrives is starkly contrasted with the respect and admiration of the other boys after these events. His reformation is an example of the power of the Bhaer’s lessons in morality modeled through parental love.
The events at Plumfield in these chapters also deepen the value of the Interconnectedness with Nature as part of holistic education. Chapter 10 starts in July at the beginning of the summer, when much of the boys’ education transitions to an outdoor setting. Establishing paragraphs convey the change of atmosphere: “The lessons were short, and there were many holidays, for the Bhaers believed in cultivating healthy bodies by much exercise, and our short summers are best used in out-of-door work” (134). Animal imagery is used to complete the portrait of a romantic pastoral portrait of school life, as the students are metaphorically depicted as a “flock prospering in mind and body” (134). The students go out huckleberry-picking, and their growing knowledge of the natural world is tested when “Daisy saw a snake, and flying from it lost half her berries; but Demi helped her to fill up again and discussed reptiles most learnedly the while” (167). Alcott depicts science education as engaging for children, particularly the more rebellious or rambunctious youths. Dan is uniquely connected to the natural world, which is the key to his academic engagement. Uncle Teddy recognizes his talent and uses it as motivation to the other students, suggesting that Dan run the Plumfield museum, while the other students read and “tell about some animal, mineral, or vegetable” (162). The novel promotes the discovery of the natural world as an academic subject, which was in its infancy at the time of her writing.
By Louisa May Alcott
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