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53 pages 1 hour read

Farley Mowat

Lost In The Barrens

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 1956

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Chapters 21-27Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary: “A Welcome Discovery”

In the morning the boys ready the sled and head toward the Stone Igloo Camp, only to realize the fawn Otanak is missing. They return to the woods with the rifle and find wolf tracks in the snow following the fawn’s prints. Soon they see the wolves on a hill and know the fawn is dead. They fire a shot to scatter the wolves, then stare at Otanak’s body. Jamie wants revenge, but Awasin claims that it was their own fault for domesticating the animal.

At the Stone Igloo Camp, they find two dogs attempting to gain access to a cache. Awasin thinks they escaped from an Inuit camp and tosses food to the dogs. They eat and vanish, but Awasin says they will follow them back to the Hidden Valley. After a few days of tossing meat outside the cabin, they build a trap for the dogs. Soon the dogs are inside the cabin, content to have warmth and food. Within a few days, the dogs are docile and agreeable, and the boys name them Fang and Ayuskeemo.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring two huskies on a snowy bluff.

Chapter 22 Summary: “The Great One of the Barrens”

When the dogs see the sled, they howl in excitement and Awasin knows that these huskies were indeed escapees from an Inuit camp. They decide to hunt for meat outside of Hidden Valley and keep the bucks for later. Out in the Barrens, Jamie takes the rifle while Awasin stays with the sled and dogs. From a great distance, Jamie hears Awasin yell and looks back to see a grizzly approaching his friend, who has nothing but the bow and arrow. Jamie runs with the rifle but passes out from exhaustion as he hands the weapon to Awasin.

Jamie awakens by a fire lying atop the dead bear. Awasin explains that running in extreme cold can freeze the lungs and that Jamie is lucky to be alive. He tells how he killed the bear. In the morning they return to the cabin in Hidden Valley and bandage Ayuskeemo’s injuries. Jamie is sent to bedrest while his lungs heal. A week later, they return to the Barrens for the grizzly meat and, looking at the paw, realize the tracks they saw at Stone Igloo Camp must have been human.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring Awasin with a bow and arrow aimed at a massive grizzly, Fang and Ayuskeemo barking nearby.

Chapter 23 Summary: “Escape”

The boys are trapped inside the cabin for weeks while the blizzards rage outside. Boredom leads to depression, loneliness, and nostalgia for home. Jamie realizes that Uncle Angus probably thinks he is dead. When a lull in the cold arrives, the boys decide it is time to risk the three-week journey south. They quickly pack as little as they dare, knowing extra weight will mean more time in the Barrens, and with sadness, they leave their cabin, the bear hide, the caches of meat and fish, and depart Hidden Valley.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring Awasin and Jamie sitting by the fire, smiling.

Chapter 24 Summary: “The White Fire”

Going is slow, and the boys stop at Stone Igloo Camp on the first night. The next day, they debate how many days the journey will take at this speed, with the overladen sled. That night, they are both in agony from eye strain, and Awasin realizes they are going snow blind. They cannot see and are trapped in their tent for three days. When they finally emerge from the tent, they find the dogs have eaten all of their food. Jamie announces that they should return to Hidden Valley, and never challenge the Barrens again. Awasin replies that this is something white men usually never understand, believing always in their superiority to nature rather than their part within it.

When the sun sets, they load the sled and head north, back toward their log cabin in Hidden Valley. As they traverse the Barrens, a wind picks up that soon turns into a wild blizzard.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring both boys with the sled and two huskies.

Chapter 25 Summary: “Peetyuk”

The boys find themselves in the middle of a blizzard, exposed on the Barrens with little food or hope. They keep walking, falling often, and finally, Jamie falls and is too tired to get up and face the cold. Awasin pulls Jamie onto the sled and keeps going. The huskies veer off their course and soon stop in front of an igloo. No longer as afraid as he is cold, Awasin pulls himself and Jamie into the igloo where he passed out, the dogs curled up atop them.

In the morning, he awakens in fear of the Inuit and looks around the empty igloo. They find food, eat, and go back to sleep. They are awakened by howling dogs. They hear a rustling in the igloo’s tunnel and level the rife. A face emerges and Jamie tackles Awasin before he can shoot. Jamie runs outside after the intruder and finds himself looking at a blue-eyed, red-haired boy with dark skin. The boy speaks to Jamie in English; his name is Peetyuk. He is the son of a white man and an Inuit woman, and he is heading south in search of white men so he can rejoin his tribe, which was his father’s dying wish. It was Peetyuk who scared off Denikazi and Peetyuk’s footprints they’d found at Stone Igloo Camp.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring an Inuit by an igloo.

Chapter 26 Summary: “The Easters-of-Raw-Meat”

Peetyuk leads Jamie and Awasin to his Inuit community where they are led into a massive igloo and fed deer tongue and tea. The igloo is warm, and the community is welcoming and full of smiles as Peetyuk tells of how he found the boys. They meet Peetyuk’s mother and grandfather, Kakut. After songs and chatting, the boys fall asleep, and Kakut covers them with furs.

Peetyuk’s father was the trapper revealed in Chapter 3 as missing from the cabin called Red-Head Post. Later, his name is revealed to be Frank Anderson, and he is Uncle Angus’s friend.

After a week, Kakut, Peetyuk, and one of his cousins lead the boys south across the frozen lake. They bypass Denikazi’s camp in order to keep the Inuit safe from a panic-fueled attack. At last, they come upon the abandoned cabin of Peetyuk’s father and lead Peetyuk inside. Kakut says farewell and, during the night, the Inuit vanish, leaving Peetyuk behind.

An illustration accompanies the chapter title, featuring an Inuit with open arms, several others smiling in the background.

Chapter 27 Summary: “The Return”

From the Cree shore, Awasin’s mother, Marie, recognizes her son and scoops him and Jamie into a hug. Alphonse, Awasin’s father, welcomes Peetyuk as a son. By nightfall, Angus has been fetched from his cabin and arrives in a state. The boys learn that Denikazi launched several expeditions for them, as had Angus and Alphonse. Later, Angus told Peetyuk stories of his father, Frank Anderson, and through Angus, the boy learned about his father.

Angus invites Peetyuk to live with him and Jamie, and Peetyuk agrees. Further, Angus says they will return to the Inuit to thank them when the weather improves. The novel ends with the boys discussing the journey north.

Chapters 21-27 Analysis

Jamie’s arrogance and inflated sense of ability gets him into trouble throughout his exploits in the Barrens, beginning with the canoe trip that leads to them being stranded. Jamie isn’t the only outsider to find the Barrens a formidable force. Frank Anderson, of Red-Head Post, was a white trapper who went deep into Inuit territory and never returned. He was mortally wounded while traveling and never recovered, despite aid from the Inuit community. Jamie finds Viking artifacts in the Great Stone House which he assumes is a grave. He finds a single skull, one sword, one dagger, and the lead tablet. This suggests the Viking was alone in the Barrens. These three outsiders faced a harsh and unrelenting environment which ultimately claimed the lives of the trapper and the Viking.

Jamie survives because his mentality changes; he begins to understand Living in Harmony With Nature. Awasin says white men often cannot see that nature cannot be challenged and beaten: “Most of them think they can beat the northland in any fight. A lot of them have found out differently and didn’t live to tell about it” (131). Still, the death of the fawn Otanak demonstrates that Living in Harmony With Nature also means not interfering with nature: Had they not tamed the fawn, it might have been better equipped to survive. After six months in the Barrens, Jamie understands that the traditional Western mentality results in death and that harmony with nature is the only way to survive in the wild:

The trip was an easy one, for the Eskimos had always known the secret that Jamie learned so belatedly out on the frozen plains when he and Awasin were stricken with snow blindness. The Eskimos knew that they must always travel with the forces of the land—and never fight against them (143).

Jamie is the lone white survivor of the Barrens precisely because he learns what the Indigenous men and women have learned about the wilderness.

The author crafts a natural setting for Awasin and Jamie to inhabit, infusing it with the ever-present suggestion of danger. Throughout the autumn months, the boys had something urgent to achieve. When winter hits Hidden Valley, the boys suffer mightily from boredom and darkness, and the tone of the novel shifts, highlighting a shift in the natural world that has a profound impact on the boys:

There was very little daylight now. Dawn broke sometime after ten in the morning, and by about three o’clock night lay over the white, wind-swept world again. […] They had to ration themselves to one lamp, and for only a few hours each day. So there were increasingly long hours when they could do nothing (124).

Throughout the boys’ adventure, the pace moves in leaps and lulls. At times, a chapter will depict one long, continuous scene. At other times, weeks or months will pass in a sentence. The boys are away from home for over six months by the time they return, and the novel depicts only the highlights of their exploits in the Barrens. Long segments describing survival skills give credibility to the saga and offer a counterbalance to the chaos that nature delivers in the form of predators and weather: “The boys busied themselves sewing new skin clothing; repairing bits of gear; making new dog harness; shaping willow arrows for the bow. Then there was wood to cut, water to get, and food to cook” (125).

The pacing in the final two chapters offers a summary in exposition that includes past, present, and future events. The final chapter explains events that took place in the past away from the protagonists: “Denikazi had visited Angus and Alphonse and had actually offered his own life in payment for the loss of the boys” (147). The narration in the final chapter offers a glimpse of the future: “So it was arranged, and for some years to come Jamie and Peetyuk lived together almost as brothers” (147).

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