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Margaret AtwoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Toby tells the Crakers their origin story using euphemistic language to accommodate their childlike nature, and she must repeatedly ask them to stop singing each time she mentions Crake. The chapter is written in Toby’s point of view and includes only Toby’s first-person perspective, though she often interrupts the story to address some question or reaction from the Crakers, often about “smelly bones,” which are bones from animals that humans have eaten. The Crakers seem to express confusion over the smelly bones because Crake made them with no need or desire to eat meat. She explains that Crake created them in an Egg (a research lab with a large dome) and Oryx taught them how to survive. Crake “cleared away the chaos” (45), meaning he released a plague that killed most of humanity. Jimmy, called Snowman-the-Jimmy by the Crakers, led the Crakers to the beach to live. One day, Jimmy went on a journey for supplies back to the Egg where Crake lives. He cut his foot and got a serious infection. The Crakers tried unsuccessfully to heal him with their purring. Two bad men survived the plague and tortured and raped Ren and Amanda. Toby and the others tied them to a tree, but the Crakers, not understanding that they were being detained to prevent them from committing more offenses, set them free, but Toby reassures them it wasn’t their fault.
Privately, Toby recounts what really happened, much of which she blames on her own actions. The two men they tied up were “Painballers” (9), violent criminals who were punished in a Painball Arena (a brutal gladiatorial form of punishment) before the plague. If they found a woman, they’d brutalize, rape, and cannibalize her. The Painballers had captured Amanda, and Ren and Toby had tracked them to rescue her. While they hid and prepared to attack the men, Jimmy stumbled into the area with a spray gun, prompting a chaotic series of events that led to the Painballers being captured; Amanda being freed; and Ren, who recognized him as a former boyfriend, trying to nurse Jimmy’s wounds. Because of her Gardner background, Toby was unable to kill the Painballers since it was a peaceful holiday that night, so she and Ren tied them to a tree. Then, the Crakers showed up, the group of “strange gene-spliced quasi-humans” (11) created by Crake as a replacement for the human race. The Crakers are preternaturally beautiful and do not wear clothes. They mate on a cycle indicated by when Craker women turn blue, which the men can smell. However, to the Crakers, human women always smell blue. The men overwhelm Ren and Amanda to mate. The women Crakers purr on Jimmy, who is hallucinating about Oryx, whom he loved. In the melee, the Painballers convinced the Crakers the rope was hurting them, so the Crakers untied the Painballers and they escaped.
The Painballers had grabbed their spraygun but not Toby’s rifle. Amanda and Ren sob. They are in danger from the at-large Painballers as well as the forest full of genetically manufactured carnivores, especially the pigoons: enormous pigs with human stem cells spliced into their DNA to grow human transplant organs including brain tissue, which makes them dangerously intelligent. The peaceful Crakers would be useless in a fight, so they need to get the entire party back to the MaddAddam cobb-house, a little shelter in a park where the group has made a home camp. The Crakers worry about Jimmy, whom they call Snowman, but when Toby accidentally calls him Jimmy the Crakers are confused and begin calling him Snowman-the-Jimmy. Toby insists that Jimmy must come with her to the cobb-house so he can get medicine, but the Crakers want to take him back to his tree on the beach. Toby explains what medicine is, so the Crakers agree Jimmy should have it and want to come back with Toby as well. The Crakers carry Jimmy on the long trek back. Amanda, who was always tough—a “pleebrat” (16)—puts on a brave face.
At the cobb-house, Crozier, Tamaraw, and Manatee greet them. Ren hugs Crozier, and he kisses her. Manatee recognizes the Crakers, having been one of the MaddAddamites forced to help create them along with Swift Fox and Ivory Bill. Toby wants to know if Zeb has returned from searching for Adam, but she is wary of letting on that she is in love with him. The only thing that happened while they were gone were some pigoons digging in their garden, but they were chased off with lights and the knowledge that the MaddAddams have spray guns. Swift Fox, young and pretty, comes from the cobb-house wearing a nightie, hoping the Crakers won’t stay and eat their food. Manatee reminds her that the Crakers eat leaves—a feature Manatee designed. Swift Fox, who worked on their brains, calls them “walking potatoes” (19) because, per Crake’s design, they have no aggression or sense of humor. Swift Fox goes back to bed, and Toby stops the Crakers from following her to mate. Jimmy needs a bed, and Ren volunteers Crozier’s, although Crozier is jealous of Jimmy, who broke Ren’s heart as a teen. Toby allows only a few Crakers to follow when she tends to Jimmy with herbal medicine, putting maggots on the wound. Ren worries as Jimmy hallucinates.
When Toby wakes, an escaped red Mo’Hair, a sheep bred with long, lustrous hair to be harvested and implanted in human scalps, is licking her legs. The cobb-house, once rented for parties and used by the God’s Gardeners to sell their handmade items, is a safe space because it is away from collapsing buildings and electrical fires in the cities, but it was never meant to be occupied full time. Toby, embarrassed about the Painballers’ escape, worries about Zeb, who had left to look for the God’s Gardeners when she left to rescue Amanda. She hopes he finds Adam, the once-leader of the Gardeners. Gardeners had prepared and trained for the “Waterless Flood” (26), an inevitable apocalyptic event, so he may have survived, but Adam is a needle in the haystack of ruined cities. Toby blames herself for the Painballers being on the loose and being another threat for Zeb, and she imagines worst-case scenarios. Painfully, Toby remembers that her friendship with Zeb is solid, but there has never been anything romantic between them. She shakes off the nihilistic thinking and gets on with the necessary tasks of the day.
Toby puts on a bedsheet, the popular clothing choice, wishing for a mirror, and goes to eat breakfast before tending to Jimmy. Toby spots Ren and Lotis Blue talking as Amanda silently stares in what the Gardeners would have called a “fallow state” (30), which could apply to any number of psychological disturbances but was imagined to be a state of quiet meditation and healing. Toby hopes Amanda, so dynamic and confident as a Gardener child, is finding healing in this state. Some of the men are strengthening the garden fence, realizing that the pigoon they chased away was only a distraction from other pigoons digging under the fence on the opposite side. The Craker men and Crozier pee in a line together to make a perimeter because their urine wards off predators. At breakfast, Rebecca, another former Gardener and the cook, congratulates Toby for rescuing Amanda and returning alive. Though Gardeners took a vow to be vegetarian, the needs for survival have taken over and everyone seems unbothered by pigoon bacon and wolvog ribs. Toby thinks about the apocalyptic atmosphere and how survival will continue to get harder, and Rebecca reminisces about losing civilized amenities. Rebecca hopes the Crakers, whom she finds unsettling, don’t stay, insisting, “They’re definitely not like us. […] No way close. That little pisher Crake. Talk about fouling up the sandbox” (35).
Jimmy is now outside, moved to a hammock by the Crakers, wearing his Red Sox cap, broken sunglasses, and broken watch. Two women purr on him. Greeting Toby by name, they explain that Jimmy needs to wear his things to hear Crake, and they moved him because Jimmy hated being inside. They assert that he’s on a long journey from the Egg (Crake’s Paradice dome lab). Oryx and Crake descended from the sky to give him more stories, and now he’s traveling back. It’s a rough trip, but he’ll wake up when he returns. Skeptical and thinking they are describing dreams, Toby checks Jimmy’s foot. The maggots are doing their job, but she’ll need new ones soon. The women state that Toby will tell them stories until Snowman-the-Jimmy comes back. Toby protests that she doesn’t know their stories, but they insist that she is Snowman’s helper, so she will eat the fish, wear the hat, listen to the watch, “and then the words of Crake will come out of [her] mouth” (38). She’ll tell of their creation in the Egg and how Crake “cleared away the chaos of bad men” (38) so Snowman-the-Jimmy could lead them to the beach. Afraid that disappointing them will make them return to the beach, unprotected from the Painballers, Toby reluctantly agrees, hoping they’ll cook the fish.
The Painballers have everyone on edge, but there are no attacks though Zeb still hasn’t returned, and Jimmy is still unconscious. Crozier and Zunzuncito tend the Mo’Hairs armed with sprayguns, but Toby worries about the Painballers’ surprise tactics. The Mo’Hairs are restless. Crozier shows the Crakers the water pump, which thrills them, but lightbulbs and the singular solar panel are too perplexing. At dinner, Ren and Lotis Blue urge Amanda to eat. The MaddAddamites go by their codenames, chosen from the list of extinct animals. Staring at Ivory Bill’s nose, Toby (codename Inaccessible Rail) notices that “the MaddAddamites chose codenames that mirrored parts of themselves” (42). They have little love for Jimmy, who they see as “Crake’s jackal” (42). Manatee doubts Jimmy knew much, but Jimmy was the only willing employee in comparison to the others being Crake’s “captive science brainiacs” (43). Crake was brilliant but arrogant, believing he could create a perfect human. They discuss some of the useful qualities Crake installed in the Crakers, such as natural insect repellent, the blue-signaled mating system (borrowed from baboons), and the carnivore-deterring urine.
However, they complain about the Crakers’ strange, unsettling singing, which couldn’t be removed without making them listless and vegetative. Toby interrupts, asking what story she is supposed to tell the Crakers about Crake now that she is expected to take Jimmy’s place. Crozier explains that Crake is like a god to them, but they don’t know what he looks like. This surprises Ivory Bill since Crozier isn’t one of the scientists, but Crozier asserts that the Crakers told him because they’ve become friends and even extended the honor of peeing with them to him. Manatee suggests a vague, cheerful story. In the dome, Crake’s girlfriend Oryx told stories to calm them. At dusk, gathered around Jimmy so he can listen, Toby goes through the ritual of eating the fish, wearing the cap, and listening to the watch. After their creation story, they insist that Toby tell them about the bad men and the smelly bone soup. The part where they untied the bad men upsets them, but they want Toby to tell it repeatedly. Suddenly, they smell men approaching, but not the bad men: Zeb and the others are back. Toby is overwhelmed with relief, and one of the Crakers notices she’s crying.
Everyone gathers happily, though the Crakers watch from afar. Ren hugs Zeb, her former semi-stepfather, and Zeb praises Toby for saving Amanda. They didn’t find Adam, but they found Philo, an old Gardener who loved smoking weed, dead. He died recently, so there could be more surviving Gardeners. The Crakers are curious about Zeb because Crozier told them Zeb once ate a bear. When Zeb and Toby can speak privately, he tells her that Philo’s throat was slit. They had seen the Painballers, exchanged fire, and rushed back to camp. Toby admits she let them escape, and, to her embarrassment, she starts to cry, but Zeb suddenly wraps his arms around her, and they finally come together with love and intimacy.
In the first three parts, Toby is the protagonist, and the story is told from her perspective. There is very little action in this first section, but there is a clear story arc that builds up through Toby’s tension and peaks when Zeb returns. Throughout these chapters, Toby worries. She replays her mistakes that led to the Painballers’ escape. She is concerned about Amanda, mushroom supplies, water purity, the Crakers’ safety, and Jimmy’s foot. More than anything though, she worries about Zeb. Toby’s sublimated love and longing for Zeb dates back to her days as a God’s Gardener, as depicted in The Year of the Flood. She was separated from him when she had to leave the Gardeners and take on a new identity, and they reunited after the plague. Toby is terrified of losing him, and her mind lingers on images of him being killed by Painballers or dying under a collapsed building. When Zeb returns, the worry leaves her body because although she has accepted that he could never love her back, knowing that he is alive is enough. However, at the end of the chapter, Toby and Zeb finally come together romantically, satisfying not only the arc of the first three sections, but the arc of their relationship over the course of two books.
These first chapters primarily contain exposition with the anticipation of action. However, in a nod to the complexity of the world created in the first two books, the author frequently makes references that she doesn’t explain, tacitly telling readers to go back and read the books in order. The two groups that have come together in the camp are composed of characters from the second book: the God’s Gardeners and the MaddAddamites. They remain defined by their roles in those groups. Rebecca cooks, Toby practices herbal medicine, and Zeb goes on dangerous missions, as they did with the Gardeners. The MaddAddamites go by their code names instead of their real names, which were each chosen from the list of extinct animals. Their conversation is dominated by the science they collaborated on in creating the Crakers. The group that joins them is the cast of the first book, the tribe of Crakers, and the unconscious Jimmy, who was on the beach with the Crakers and in the dome with the MaddAddamites, is the character who ties them all together, including the Painballers. Jimmy, known as Thickney to MaddAddam, has adopted a new name in his new identity as the caretaker of the Crakers. In a world racked by climate change, there is no more snow or snowmen. Jimmy took the name as a mockery of Crake’s extinct animal system. Snowmen are technically extinct, but certainly not what Crake had in mind.
The first two books demonstrated that Crake’s experiment was a failure. What was meant to be an arrogant, godlike destruction and rebirth of humanity into an image that Crake thought was better, was just destruction. Humans proved to be more persistent in their survival than Crake expected, and the Crakers are defenseless against the kind of human aggression that Crake sought to wipe out, therefore they are living under the influence of the human community that is protecting them. However, when they were alone with Jimmy, the Crakers demonstrated that they weren’t what Crake had hoped. They have no aggression, no sense of humor, no territoriality or proprietary idea of bloodlines, and they also weren’t supposed to have abstract thought. In the first book, they build an effigy of Jimmy in hopes that it will bring him back. By the first chapters of MaddAddam, they have developed religious practices, ironically making Crake their god. They have rituals in place that center on storytelling that is literal to the Crakers but sounds metaphorical. They have religious relics. Purring, while a biological mechanism, mimics the laying on of hands in Christianity, and their description of Jimmy’s journey blurs the line between metaphorical and supernatural, raising questions as to how their development might turn toward full spirituality and religion, one of the primary catalysts for human conflict.
By Margaret Atwood
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