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54 pages 1 hour read

Bill Bryson

Notes From A Small Island

Nonfiction | Book | Adult | Published in 1995

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Chapters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: The book contains potentially offensive language, stereotypes, and assumptions. In particular, the author occasionally and incorrectly uses the terms “English” and “England” to signify all of Great Britain.

Bryson discusses the difference between the British conception of distance and the American one: On a small island, distances that would seem easily traversable for an American are unacceptably far for a Briton. He also discusses his purpose in taking on the trip around Great Britain: After living on the island for 20 years, Bryson has decided to return to the US with his wife and children. He wants to take one final tour around the island before leaving it.

Thus, he begins in Calais, the French city across the English Channel, so that he can approach England as he initially saw it from the water back in 1973. He reminisces about his earlier experiences, sleeping on a bench in Dover before finding affordable lodgings. He found a modest boardinghouse run by a Mrs. Gubbins, who instructed him on the rules of the house. Bryson found the rules complex and bewildering, accustomed as he was to motels in the US. He was acutely puzzled by the proprietor’s use of the term “counterpane” to indicate a bedspread.

Bryson then delineates the changes that have been wrought in Britain over the ensuing 20 years. In the 1970s, Britain was buffeted (as was the rest of the world) by the oil crisis and gas lines, skyrocketing inflation, and shortages of everyday goods. 1973 was also the year in which Great Britain joined the European Common Market. For Bryson himself, the country was filled with foreign phrases and inexplicable habits—smoking in movie theaters, for example, or the custom of afternoon tea—as well as television programming that Bryson found less than entertaining at best and overtly racist at worst. Bryson offended his fellow houseguests by giggling over their odd (to him) names, and he angered Mrs. Gubbins when he refused to eat the fried tomato included in his breakfast (he did not know what it was). He left as quickly as he could, thinking he would never return.

Chapter 2 Summary

Bryson finally revisits the city of Dover, 23 years after his first, rather disastrous, trip. He begins in Calais, noting that it appears to be a somewhat touristy destination, undistinguished by anything French—until one goes into cafés or restaurants. He compliments the French on their fries.

He journeys across the English Channel on the ferry, noting that while the sea remains the same, everything else in Dover seems to have changed. He finds the spot where Mrs. Gubbins’s boardinghouse once stood and happily observes that it has been thoroughly modernized. He hopes that Mrs. Gubbins is treated as well as she treated him now that she is likely in a nursing home. Thus, he leaves Dover behind and heads toward London.

Chapter 3 Summary

Bryson marvels at the size and complexity of London. He praises the London cab drivers for their extensive comprehension of London’s vast and asymmetrical geography—The Knowledge, they call it. He tests this Knowledge when he asks the cabbie to take him to Hazlitt’s, an obscure hotel that was once the writer William Hazlitt’s home. Rather than admit he might not know of the place, the cabbie teases information out of Bryson one question at a time.

Bryson also admits how much he loves the city, though he bemoans that its residents do not always understand what a wonderful place they have. He compliments the British on their “incidental civilities,” such as small, old churches; kind policemen and people; the presence of benches; and odd statues of forgotten figures (34). He does suggest, however, that some modern alterations should be retracted, like the barriers in front of Buckingham Palace and the disappearance of the red phone booths.

He reminisces about his time working as a journalist in London in the 1980s. The work was relatively easy, he admits, in between long lunches and afternoon teas. However, this was all reigned in when Rupert Murdoch bought The Times, as well as several other periodicals. There were immediate and widespread layoffs of thousands of union workers. Those that survived the cuts, including Bryson, were sent to Wapping, a district in the less fashionable area of East London.

Chapter 4 Summary

Bryson returns to Wapping for the first time since he left in 1986, enjoying some travel on the London subway system, called the Underground. He recognizes very little about the neighborhood, as it has seen many new (and, according to Bryson, ugly) buildings constructed. He remembers what it was like to be a Murdoch employee in 1986, when the largest protests Wapping has ever seen were staged by printers and other laid-off newspaper employees. It was dangerous for employees to leave the building, and Bryson was threatened by a protestor one evening when the line of cars leaving the Murdoch building was stopped. He immediately left for another newspaper, The Independent.

He now feels safe in Wapping, commenting that it feels like a village. He also notes, however, that the docks, where a bustling exchange of goods from all over the world once transpired, have all been shuttered.

Chapter 5 Summary

Everyone is surprised that Bryson decides to use public transport for most of his journey. But Bryson believes that traveling by car in Britain is a miserable experience, with tiny parking spaces and irritating parking garages, not to mention the idiosyncrasies of local drivers. He prefers the train, impressed by the politeness of the other passengers.

He arrives in Windsor, observing the changes wrought to the town by tourism. He writes at length about the delights of Daniel’s, a department store with a decidedly eclectic selection of goods. He uses it as an example of how the British might have been happier under communism than the Russians were: They make do and are expert at rationing; they wait in lines patiently; they do not mind bureaucracy and are comfortable waiting for goods and services.

He spends the following day walking through Windsor Great Park, where he spies another eclectic selection of items, this time of things that he imagines the Queen might have brought to England from abroad. He claims that he once saw Princess Diana driving a car near the grounds. He also appreciates that, at the top of Snow Hill, one can see almost the whole of London. He wryly comments that the average British citizen once respected and defended the monarchy—until they began to behave in what was perceived as an indefensible manner. Hereditary privilege comes with responsibilities and expectations of moral behavior. Bryson coins his own, rather profane, song to describe a line of royals descended from Charles II’s mistress, Nell Gwynn.

Chapter 6 Summary

Bryson then travels to Virginia Water, a village in which he once lived while working as an attendant at a local psychiatric hospital. He became acquainted with the British through the eyes of these patients. Most importantly, he met the young and idealistic nurse who would become his wife. He claimed that this village was unique in its mixing of psychiatric patients and wealthy weekenders.

Upon his return, he finds that the hospital and its grounds have been converted into a park, and expensive lots are for sale to potential residents. He is happy to find that the hospital, built in the 19th century, has been preserved. He then decides to walk the couple of miles to his mother-in-law’s home for dinner and a deep sleep.

Chapters 1-6 Analysis

From the very beginning, Bryson offers an outsider’s perspective on Britain. Exploring The Mutual Fascination Between British and American People, he notices the inherent differences between the two cultures, using exaggeration and satire to enhance his humor. He comments in the first paragraph of the book that the British possess an “intractable” notion, “the idea that Britain is a big place” (1). Indeed, to an American, Britain is exceedingly small (the geographical area of Great Britain could easily fit within the states of Texas or Montana, for example). Bryson emphasizes this by noting the dismay that the British display when contemplating the distance between Surrey and Cornwall (about 200 miles), suggesting that this is “a distance most Americans would happily go to get a taco” (1). He uses hyperbole here to illustrate the difference in perspective between Great Britain and the US, but his larger point is that Britain’s vastness exists largely in memory and imagination: The island he will traverse is geographically small, but its history, folklore, and tradition make it large.

All his observations are tied up in the project of Travel as Self-Discovery: He asserts at the beginning that this trip is “a kind of valedictory tour around the green and kindly island that had for two decades been [his] home” (5). Thus, he signals that the book is an amalgam of travelogue and personal memoir, and it engages with conventions of both genres. Recalling his first days in Dover, he remembers “feeling lost and weary and far from home” (11), evoking a sense of cultural dislocation that will reemerge in a different form on his “valedictory tour” 20 years later. As a young American newly arrived in England, he does not understand the elaborate rules with which Mrs. Gubbins, the proprietor of the boardinghouse, bombards him—“just what the hell is a counterpane?” he wonders (12)—and intentionally skewers British nomenclature. He has locals using appellations such as “Little Puking” and “Great Shagging” in reference to villages (2) while noting that “only English people” boast names like “Colin Crapspray” or “Bertram Pantyshield” (19). Traditions in British naming seem unfamiliar, even outlandish, to Bryson—and his comic reactions mark him as an outsider. By exaggerating his sense of foreignness as a new arrival, Bryson highlights the degree to which his 20 years in Great Britain have transformed him, as he has come to understand both the island and himself.

He also admits to harboring stereotypical expectations, at least obliquely. While in Calais, Bryson wants to see the locals acting “agreeably Gallic,” with “two-cheeked kisses” and unfiltered cigarettes and delicious frites (24). Of course, Gallic behavior is in the eye of the beholder, and Bryson occupies the central perspective; he knows what it is to be French only from his impressions of the movies, it appears. Throughout the book, Bryson considers how his expectations shape his experience. Often, a tension emerges between expectation and reality. Here, Bryson is confronted with the distance between his cinematic impressions of French cultural identity and the reality of present-day Calais. Throughout the journey, Bryson is constantly surprised by the changed landscapes and towns he visits. For example, when arriving in Dover, he is met by the familiarity of the “welcoming, watery sunshine of Britain” but startled by the fact that “everything else looked different” (26). As the journey continues, he finds himself considering the ways in which both he and Britain have changed.

Bryson does not pretend to be a neutral observer of The Tension Between Modernization and Historic Preservation. He values tradition over modernity, natural beauty over profit, and local industry over global capitalism. For example, though he compliments Wapping on its village feel, he remarks that even into the 1960s “Docklands was still one of the busiest ports in the world. By 1981, every London dock was closed” (46). This reveals the decline of England’s centrality to the international world of trade and industry. The end of empire has wrought intractable change in the cities and landscapes, and often brought, in Bryson’s opinion, the disregard and ugliness of modernity.

Bryson is fascinated with the depth of Britain’s history, but he fears to loss of that history to modernization. Upon climbing the summit in Windsor Great Park, he notes that this is the spot where “Henry VIII rode […] to hear the cannons from the Tower announce the execution of Anne Boleyn” (54-55), an event that occurred almost 500 years ago. Now, he can only discern the mechanical drone of airplanes. Without the commitment to preservation, a way of honoring the past, Britons stand to lose what makes them unique, in Bryson’s formulation. He ends this section on a relatively contented note, with the observation that all that is old is not yet lost: “[T]he old sanitorium” in which he once worked “had been saved” in the village of Virginia Water (66). The 19th-century landmark now anchors a newly emerging community. After observing this increasingly rare rescue, Bryson decides to walk to his mother-in-law’s home to indulge in some comfort—and further fuel his nostalgia.

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