54 pages • 1 hour read
Pauline Elizabeth HopkinsA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Mysticism and the supernatural recur as motifs throughout the story in relation to the Black characters. The supernatural imbues the worldview and cultural understanding of Black people, becoming an integral part of African American heritage. Mysticism and the supernatural often manifest in the form of ghosts and visions that mostly connect to the women in the story, and have a “haunting significance” (2). Reuel sees Dianthe in a vision before meeting her for the first time. As a spirit, Dianthe pleads with Reuel for help and liberation from suffering. The vision of Mira, Reuel and Dianthe’s mother, relates to the history of enslavement, which haunts the characters’ lives. Mira’s spirit demands justice for the oppression and abuse she endured, warning that all dark secrets will be revealed. Her apparition also shows Aubrey’s letter to Reuel, illuminating the conspiracy of murder. Women as spirits demand justice and liberation, as they remain oppressed, marginalized, and controlled in the real world.
Mystical powers and the significance of spirituality are also key in the Ethiopian culture of Telassar. Ai’s storytelling about the traditional African worldview counters Eurocentrism and establishes the narrative’s Black cultural perspective. For Ai, the supernatural is not magic but “a secret of Nature” (136). Reuel realizes that his mystical gifts are “the shadow of Ethiopia’s power” (117). It contrasts the materialism of the Western worldview and focuses on the inner self. Spiritual insight relates to things that people cannot see or address as Ai explains: “a sense of the supernatural always near us—others whom we cannot see, but whose influence is strong upon us in all the affairs of life” (134). Ai’s mystical powers and insight into the past, present, and the future reveal the reality to Reuel. Mysticism is also key in Aubrey’s punishment, becoming the characters’ only recourse for justice.
Music is a recurring motif in the narrative, represented as a key element in African American culture. The narrator notes that after emancipation, many African Americans demonstrated “a phenomenal gift of music” (9). The motif connects with Dianthe, whose oppressed voice finds an outlet in singing. With song, Dianthe obtains the voice that she does not have in society. The musicians become “representatives of the people for whom God had sent the terrible scourge of blood upon the land to free from bondage,” expressing their historical experience through art (11). As a singer in a choir, Dianthe’s voice conveys her inner suffering and, through this, “All the horror, the degradation from which a race had been delivered” (12). Later, that song becomes the catalyst through which Dianthe begins to recover her memories—and, indeed, her racial identity.
Music is also part of the culture in Telassar. Ai and others tell the history of the city and Reuel’s ancestry through sung speech, which the author includes in the text in a poetic form: “Part of the story had been given in recitative, one rich voice carrying grandly the monotonous notes to the accompaniment of the cornet, flute, sackbut, dulcimer and harp” (115). Music has a soothing effect on Reuel and offers him inner solace, while also educating him in the ways of this new society.
At Dianthe’s death, music appears again as a key element of Black experience. As she suffers during her final moments, she hears “strains of delicious music” reaching her room from the far distance (173). Dianthe sees visions and feels that only music can liberate and connect her to her identity and cultural heritage: “I see them now! The glorious band! […] my royal ancestors […]. Beethoven, Mozart, thou sons of song! Divine ones, art thou come to take me home?” (174). In the story, music is Dianthe’s only way to express her inner self.
The motif of race and blood challenges the racial divide by complicating blood relations. Hopkins uses the topic of incest to address the traumatic past of enslavement. Sexual exploitation by white enslavers against Black women leads to the birth of biracial individuals like Reuel and Dianthe. Their identity and skin color complicate Blackness as well as whiteness. Despite their racial differences, Reuel, Dianthe, and Aubrey are siblings with a common father, a white man. Ultimately, Hopkins’s argument about humanity emerges from her exploration of race and blood: “No man can draw the dividing line between the two races, for they are both of one blood!” (165). The text presents racism as a social construct and proclaims the humanity of all people.