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43 pages 1 hour read

Nevil Shute

On the Beach

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1957

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Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary

Content Warning: This section of the guide describes and analyzes the source text’s depiction of death by euthanasia in adults and children.

Peter Holmes lives in Falmouth, Australia, with his wife, Mary, and their infant daughter, Jennifer. Peter awakens on December 27, 1962, anxious for his meeting in Melbourne with the Royal Australian Naval Department as he hopes to receive new orders. Peter returned home seven months ago from a three-month war involving the entire Northern Hemisphere. The war caused an oil shortage, and since Australians depend on the Northern Hemisphere for oil, Peter and his wife now use a bicycle with an attached trailer instead of their car. He uses the bicycle to get their daily milk from the local farmer. The farmer admires the tires on his trailer and asks if Peter can find him a set. In exchange, the farmer offers to deliver milk directly to their home once the Navy deploys Peter, which will help Mary. The two men lament the fuel shortage but are thankful coal still allows them electricity, though they wonder how the government affords it.

Peter rides the bike to the train station. On the train ride, Peter wonders what position the Navy will give him; they drastically reduced the size of their fleet after the war since there wasn’t enough fuel to power the warships. The gas stations now function as hitching posts since most commuters use horses or bikes. After locating the farmer a set of tires, Peter meets with the admiral, who assigns Peter to be the liaison officer on the USS Scorpion, a nuclear submarine under the command of Dwight Towers. This will be Peter’s last posting. Peter recalls hearing about Dwight’s experience during the war. Dwight transported the Scorpion to Manila for the US Navy. His instruments detected radioactive particles in the ocean, and he contacted Australian radio operators. En route, he learned about a global war involving China and Israel from an American cruiser. Due to fuel shortages, all US ships were sent to Australia under Australian command. Dwight’s boat is now stationed in Australia, and his posting will likely last a year.

Peter considers declining the offer, hesitant to leave Mary and the baby with all the uncertainty in the world, but he knows she would want him to go. The ship sails Tuesday, so Peter gets a ride to the docks in an electric naval transport truck to meet Dwight Towers. He introduces Peter to the crew and gives him a submarine tour. Peter agrees to report for duty on Monday and asks Towers if he knows about the orders. Dwight knows about the short cruise but is unaware of the more extended cruise and doesn’t know where they are going. Peter invites Dwight to join him and Mary at their sailing club over the weekend. Dwight agrees, seeing it as an opportunity to get acquainted with his new officer and forget about reality for a while.

Peter returns home and tells Mary about the appointment. When he tells her he invited Commander Towers over, she expresses concern: “They’re never all right. It’s much too painful for them, coming into people’s homes” (18). She reminds him of when they invited an RAF soldier over and he wept. They agree to find ways to keep him busy. Mary plans a party and invites Moira Davidson, who will make the event lively. Moira drinks excessively but tells Mary that she’s given up gin and switched to brandy. She agrees to entertain Dwight but worries about his emotional state. Peter meets Moira at the station, where she arrives in a horse-drawn buggy. Towers arrives, and Moira invites him for a drink. While sharing cigarettes and drinking, Moira tries to keep his mind off the past by discussing what they will do at the club. However, the mention of sailing reminds Dwight of a sailing trip with his wife, Sharon.

Peter, Dwight, and Moira attend the sailing race at the club. Dwight and Moira team up for the race, but Moira intentionally capsizes the sailboat and causes her bra to come undone. She flirtatiously blames Dwight and asks him to help her refasten her bra. After dinner, Peter and Mary host a small party. Dwight and Moira go outside for air. He suggests that she turn in early, but Moira demands that he get her another drink. Moira asks about the location of their mission, and Dwight thinks they might be going to Port Moresby, though it’s reportedly down due to the radiation fallout. Moira doesn’t understand why the fallout is taking so long to drift south, and Dwight explains the unpredictable nature of trade winds. Moira sees no point in delaying the inevitable and wishes the radiation would destroy them all now. However, Dwight remains hopeful since he’s heard rumors of a radio transmission from Seattle. Moira doesn’t understand why Australia must pay the price for a conflict in another hemisphere. After getting another drink, she becomes maudlin and sobs over everything she will miss out on in life.

Chapter 2 Summary

Peter visits the farmer and arranges for him to deliver milk and cream to their house while he is at sea. Moira passed out after the party and became sick in the night. Dwight attends a service at the local branch of the Church of England but spends the entire time thinking of his family, especially his children, Junior and Helen. Though they are dead, he thinks of them as if they are still alive, making plans for the gifts he will bring them when he returns. Moira begins drinking brandy again when she wakes up. She asks Dwight for a tour of the submarine, but Dwight says they are too busy preparing to go to sea. However, he promises to call her and take her to dinner when they return from the first cruise. Dwight encourages Moira to take it easy on the drinking, but she says that time is running out and she can do whatever she wants. Moira returns home and tells her mother about Dwight, leaving out the details of her drunken emotional breakdown. Moira knows her mother disapproves of her behavior but resists arguing since time is short.

Dwight returns to the Navy Department to make the final preparations for the first cruise. At the last minute, John Osborn, a scientist who will monitor the radiation levels aboard the submarine, is added to the crew despite Dwight knowing nothing about it. The crew takes the submarine into open water for a trial run of their radiation detection equipment. After returning, Dwight calls Moira and invites her to the submarine. When he mentions John Osborn joining the crew, Moira says he is a distant relation of hers: “He’s dippy […] Absolutely mad. He’ll wreck your ship for you” (46). Dwight laughs off her statement, and they plan for her to visit on Saturday morning. Before touring the submarine, Moira demands that Dwight take her for a drink. She chastises him for not having more fun while he’s ashore.

Moira arrives dressed entirely in white, so Dwight gets her a boiler suit to wear during her visit. While Moira changes clothes in Dwight’s bunk, she sees a photo of Dwight’s wife and children but tries not to think about his former life. After meeting the crew, Moira and Dwight have tea in his bunk. He explains that his orders are to travel north to Cairns, Port Moresby, and Darwin, but Moira remarks that there’s nothing left of the cities. Dwight says they will do their best to ascertain what is left without exposing themselves to radiation. Dwight hopes the USS Swordfish’s report from its journey to Rio de Janeiro, up the United States’ eastern seaboard, and into the English Channel reveals survivors. Moira goes up top for fresh air and talks with John Osborn, who remarks that the predictions of the radiation reaching them by September may be wrong—it could be sooner or later.

Moira and Dwight go out for dinner and dancing. Moira hasn’t found work since finishing university because most places are closed or not hiring. When she’s not partying, she helps on the family farm. On the way to the train station, they notice a large number of intoxicated people in the streets, which has become a problem since the war. Dwight promises to call Moira when they return.

Dwight receives his orders to depart the following day after attending church. The naval commander also gives him the Swordfish’s report, revealing that they found no signs of life. Dwight meets with the prime minister, who informs him that their main objective is gathering information on radiation levels up north. He instructs Dwight not to leave the ship or put the crew in danger. Though they’ve received reports that some survivors remain in Townsville despite rising radiation levels, the prime minister orders Dwight not to surface near the town or take anyone on board the ship so as not to give false hope to survivors.

Chapter 3 Summary

For nine days, the Scorpion surveys the coasts of Port Darwin, Cairns, and Port Moresby, using their loudspeaker to shout at any survivors on land. They see no signs of life besides a black dog, though the towns look normal otherwise. When they surface, they see an abandoned ship floating aimlessly, another ominous sign. Peter wonders if anyone is writing a history of the war because even though he fought in it, he has little understanding of why it started. John says there’s no point in writing history if no one is left to read it.

Dwight explains that Russia bombed China to secure Shanghai’s port, and China wanted to wipe out Russia’s population. Albania bombed Naples, and someone bombed Tel Aviv. Egypt flattened Washington and London when the US and Great Britain flew a test mission over Cairo. This misunderstanding led to retaliatory strikes against Russia. The fact that a simple misunderstanding sparked the conflict shocks Peter. John blames cheap and widespread cobalt bombs, but Dwight argues that the issue is more complicated. John says, “It wasn’t the big countries that set off this thing. It was the little ones, the Irresponsibles” (74), to which Peter responds that countries with no involvement, like Australia, have paid the price. Peter remarks that they have only six months left, and he wants to spend that time doing his job, but John says he should go live it up. They realize that they are the last people to see those cities before the world ends, and John reminds them that the world will continue and that it’s only the end of humanity.

The Scorpion returns to the dock, and Dwight makes his report to the admiral. He explains that they saw no activity, including no bird sightings, but didn’t travel far enough inland to confirm that everyone is dead. Noting that the radiation levels weren’t as high as they suspected, Dwight suggests they send an officer in a protected suit on land to investigate more thoroughly. The admiral agrees it could work, but they must figure out how to decontaminate the officer before he returns to the ship. The admiral grants the crew ten days’ leave, and Peter excitedly calls Mary to tell her the good news. However, since there was a measles outbreak on board, Peter may need to quarantine for three weeks. He will come home but stay away from the baby. Mary says that while they were gone, Moira often called worrying about Dwight. She suggests they invite him over again.

After their debriefing meeting, John invites Peter to the Pastoral Club, an English gentlemen’s club, and they have drinks with Sir Douglas Froude, John’s great-uncle and a former lieutenant general. Douglas plans to spend his last six months clearing out the club’s alcohol stores. Douglas says that Dwight Towers is an honorary club member and that he has heard about him spending time with Moira but hopes she hasn’t corrupted him. Over drinks, Dwight tells Moira about their cruise and his idea to send someone on land to investigate further, and she invites him to visit the Holmes family again. They picnic with them and participate in another sailing race. While watching the sunset, Dwight explains to Moira about the Swordfish’s cruise. Expectedly, they found high levels of radiation and cities flattened by the bombs. When the submarine reached their home port city, they held a memorial service. Dwight shares that he is from Mystic, Connecticut, near the Delaware Bay. Moira confesses to seeing Dwight’s family photos in his cabin, and Dwight immediately talks about his wife and children as if they are still alive. Moira realizes that Dwight hasn’t entirely accepted their deaths or the more extensive destruction of the Northern Hemisphere, and she ponders the danger of getting closer to him.

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

The opening chapters of the novel immediately establish a key theme, Finding Meaning and Purpose in the Face of Existential Threats. As the characters await certain death from the fallout of the global nuclear war, they do not resort to destructive, antisocial behavior but rather look for ways to continue living their lives as usual amid the chaos of global destruction. Peter and Mary find meaning in adhering to routine, carrying on with the daily tasks of feeding their family and preparing for daily work despite knowing they only have six months to live. Though some might consider their work pointless, the couple finds dignity in their measured response to calamity.

The Holmeses also find meaning in remaining engaged socially, attending their sailing club and hosting parties at home. Their home near the beach symbolizes the Holmeses’ illusion of security; it is where they feel most safe and at peace. By inviting Dwight Towers into their home, the Holmeses invite him into their fantasy world and briefly provide Dwight a respite from his grief and worry. Dwight’s connection with the Holmes family and Moira Davidson emphasizes the theme of The Importance of Human Connection. Dwight lost his family and his country in the war. Set on fulfilling his orders to the United States Navy until the end, Dwight is now married to his career and duty, all that remains of his former life. The Holmeses’ offer of friendship and connection gives Dwight a chance to experience a more meaningful life with the time he has left, and meeting Moira Davidson changes his life completely. While the Holmeses distract themselves with routine, Dwight depends on the memory of his family to sustain him, and is often “lost in a daydream of his family and of his home” (38). Dwight survives by creating an elaborate fantasy world in his mind where his wife and child are still alive and waiting for him to return. Some characters think Dwight is delusional for speaking about them as if they are still alive, but his fantasy is his way of coping, and it speaks to the power of social bonds in times of tragedy.

The novel explores how people react differently to disaster, and Moira serves as a foil to the Holmeses’ and Dwight’s placidity. Determined to live her life to the fullest and on her terms until the end, Moira shuns daily responsibilities like work in favor of all-night benders. Mary invites Moira to the party in hopes she’ll be a fun distraction for Dwight, and instead, his presence highlights her reckless drinking and nihilistic attitude. The two connect as Dwight pities her bitterness but is drawn to her energy. Moira’s connection to Dwight deepens when she sees the photo of his family in the submarine. Seeing his family reminds her of all Dwight lost and the life she will never have. The burgeoning relationship between Dwight and Moira is beneficial for both characters as Moira brings fun back into Dwight’s life by forcing him to explore life outside the submarine, and Dwight keeps Moira tied to reality as she lessens her drinking and trades in attending vapid parties with acquaintances for spending intentional time with people she cares about, Dwight and her family.

This section also establishes The Effects of Global Nuclear War as a central theme. The novel depicts a country suffering the consequences of a war they neither started nor participated in, and the novel’s brief account of the conflict highlights the tragic absurdity of nuclear war: “The short, bewildering war had followed, the war of which no history had been written or ever would be written now” (3). History has the power to teach, yet the irony of nuclear holocaust is that no one is left to write the history, or to learn from it. The characters are keenly aware of this absurdity. Moira rails at the injustice of suffering for something they didn’t cause, and Dwight’s account of how the war began emphasizes how territorial disputes can quickly spiral into a global cataclysm.

The Effects of Global Nuclear War come to the fore as Dwight meets with his superiors and the prime minister, hears the Swordfish’s report, and learns of the rapidly increasing radiation levels. Dwight and the rest of Melbourne long to believe they aren’t the only humans left, and the final mission represents a desperate last attempt at deliverance. John Osborn elucidates the role of science and technology in the creation and use of nuclear weapons: “No imagination whatsoever […] It’s the same with all you service people. That can’t happen to me […] But it can. And it certainly will” (75). He knows the destructive power of technology, and his role as a scientist puts him at the intersection of both, forced to contend with how scientific and technological advancements can save or destroy humanity. Though less impetuous than Moira, John also sees no point in ignoring the inevitable truth and agrees with the idea of living it up until the end, a statement that foreshadows his choices later in the novel.

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By Nevil Shute