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Nikki GrimesA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Content Warning: The source text contains references to and descriptions of child abuse, substance use and addiction, sexual assault, and trauma. The text also contains outdated and stigmatizing language and descriptions surrounding mental health conditions. Additionally, this study guide quotes and obscures the author’s use of the n-word.
The writer insists that she “can’t deal with crazy” (3) even as she acknowledges the political incorrectness of the term. She remembers cutting ties with a friend who has bipolar disorder because of her past experiences with mental health conditions: Her mother has schizophrenia. Proclaiming herself a poet, the writer commences her story.
The writer confesses that the name “Nikki” is made up; she “plucked” it out of the word “nickname” when she was six. She refuses to disclose her real name, hiding it along with her memories. She doesn’t think that girl is worth much, because of everything that happened to her.
Nikki admits that she has been running from the past for years but thinks it is time to shed light on the truth. She reflects that pain and rage can clog up one’s heart and veins, leaving no space for love or joy.
Nikki describes how she was a regular at the emergency room at the Harlem hospital because of her asthma. She wasn’t born there, but Harlem is a part of her identity; one of the few pictures she has of herself is as a young girl “standing on the streets of Harlem, / looking lost” (11).
The first home Nikki remembers is a “railroad flat.” She thinks it was preparation for all the time she would eventually spend riding the train.
Nikki’s sister, Carol, describes how Nikki would be tucked into a dresser drawer as a young child, out of reach of the rats that roamed their apartment at night.
Memories slip through the cracked door of the past like the bright lights that used to visit Nikki as a toddler, the latter her proof of angels and that God was always watching over her.
The word “Mother” is too small to sum up the person, albeit short in stature, who has deeply impacted Nikki’s life.
Nikki’s mother, Bernice, was once a “beauty.” Nikki describes her parents’ wedding photo, which appeared to sell the story that anyone could “enjoy / a moment of bliss / like this” (16).
Nikki used to catch Bernice speaking to people who weren’t there. She only learned of the term “paranoid schizophrenia” many years later.
Nikki’s father, a violinist who composed chamber music, was barely present in her early years. Nikki’s parents constantly fought about her father’s gambling and her mother’s erratic behavior.
Nikki’s father’s absences take an emotional toll on her mother, and she turns to alcohol for comfort. Nikki once tries a sip of her mother’s drink and spits out the bitter liquid, wondering why her mother chooses to drink.
Nikki, Carol, and their mother move in with an aunt named “Sadie” and her grown sons for a while. The sons regularly use heroin in front of the young girls. When Nikki’s mother confronts Sadie about it, Sadie hits Nikki’s mother on the head with an iron, badly injuring her. Nikki and her family move out the next day.
Nikki reflects on the “ordinary hazards” in the world, “like closets with locks and keys” (22). Without Sadie’s help, Nikki’s mother is forced to leave the girls with a succession of babysitters while she works during the day. One of them, “Demon,” locks Nikki and Carol in the closet every single day the moment their mother leaves for work, leaving them inside with no food or water until just before Bernice returns.
Carol tells their mother, but she doesn’t believe them until she comes home early one day to find them still inside. She is horrified and apologetic and the girls never see the “Demon” again, but both girls develop a lasting fear of the dark.
Nikki misses her father, her mother’s occasional affection never compensating for her father’s warmth.
Nikki lists family members by name, wondering where they all were when she and Carol were children.
Nikki describes how she transformed from chubby-cheeked baby to a tall, bespectacled young girl who was sure she would never be pretty.
Nikki’s mother binge drinks blackberry brandy and is sometimes absent for days on end. Carol, just five years older, takes care of Nikki as best as she can, feeding her a mixture of raw oats and buttermilk. Someone notices and calls Child Services, who come and take the girls away in a police car.
For two years, Nikki and Carol rotate through a host of foster homes together.
In one foster home in Jersey, Nikki and Carol are whipped whenever the foster parents’ children misbehave and blame the girls. Carol finally steals some of the foster parents’ money, takes Nikki with her, and flees into the night.
Nikki and Carol don’t know where their mother is, so they head to their grandmother’s house in Washington Heights. Grandma Mac is surprised to see them and tells them they can stay for a few days, but no more, saying, “I’ve already raised my kids. I’m done” (35). Nikki wonders what she and Carol have done that has left them undeserving of love.
Children’s Services arrive the very next morning to take the girls away to different houses, and Nikki lets Grandma Mac see the hatred in her eyes.
Nikki stands on the subway platform next to the social worker who is taking her away from Carol and finally cries at the separation.
Nikki is taken by train to Ossining, her next home.
Nikki reflects on how it is difficult to chalk out the chronology of events in her life, which has always been so chaotic.
Ordinary Hazards opens with a prologue in which the speaker does two things: Identifies themselves as a writer and poet and comments on their experience of their mother’s mental health conditions. Prefacing the opening chapters this way suggests that personal experiences of writing and mental health will serve as two important aspects in the book. The chapter that immediately follows reveals the identity of the writer/poet/speaker as Nikki Grimes herself, as she describes how she adopted the name “Nikki.” The prologue and the early chapters together establish that the perspective in Ordinary Hazards is exclusively Nikki’s. The book is a memoir, and accordingly, the narrative is personal and subjective.
Accordingly, Grimes employs a range of literary devices used across prose and poetry to enhance the narrative. Each individual chapter is a poem, and Grimes employs free verse throughout, utilizing enjambment frequently. For instance, Nikki discusses the impact her mother had on her life, asserting that “the word Mother / is too small / to suffice” (15). The line breaks across the sentence create a sense of tension and help stress on how big a role Nikki’s mother played in her life experiences. Nikki further reveals her attitude about various things through her word choice. In the same piece in which she discusses her mother, she reflects on how she was “Such a tiny person / to have her initials / carved so deeply / into the meat of my soul” (15). The imagery of carving meat is a painful and violent one, suggesting that the deep impact Bernice had on Nikki was not a positive one. The imagery reflects the hurt and trauma Nikki experienced because of Bernice. Other important imagery in these chapters is that of locks and keys. Nikki reflects on how the world is full of “ordinary hazards,” in reference to being locked up in a closet by the “Demon” babysitter. Locks and keys are recurring images and symbols that appear in other parts of the book as well, originating the book’s title in this instance and highlighting Nikki’s fears and trauma.
The storyline in this section introduces and explores the trauma Nikki experienced in the early years of her life and the different ways it impacted her growing up. Her parents’ separation, their respective addictions, and the different forms of neglect and abuse that Nikki and her sister, Carol, face as children are outlined in these chapters. Each of these experiences contributes to different kinds of trauma that Nikki must contend with, with both immediate and lasting impacts. For instance, she develops different long-term fears and anxieties, such as a fear of the dark because of her experience with the “Demon” babysitter. Nikki’s trauma is further reinforced by her experiences in the foster care system, after Carol and her are taken away by Children’s Services. The repeated abuse Nikki experiences in different foster homes has another long-term impact that directly affects the narrative in the book. In an interlude, Nikki notes how the chaos of her early years has affected her ability to lay out events in a reliable chronology. Her confession invokes one of the central themes of the book, The Impact of Trauma on Memory. This theme is further explored as Nikki attempts to assemble her traumatic memories throughout the text.
A major factor contributing to Nikki’s struggles is the lack of community and meaningful relationships she has at this phase of her life. In the piece titled “Family,” Nikki lists out family members by name, wondering where each of them was when she was growing up. The lack of help Nikki and her sister receive despite the existence of numerous relatives is particularly hurtful for Nikki. Nikki grows up believing she is undeserving of love, as she cannot comprehend a different explanation for this experience. Even when Nikki’s family does have interactions with relatives, they are negative and distressing ones. Her aunt, Sadie, gets into a physical altercation with Bernice; her grandmother promptly turns Carol and her over to foster care, refusing to care for them in their parents’ absence. Nikki’s hurt and loneliness is only reinforced by these negative interactions with family. However, despite this lack of community, at no point does she sink into despondence, and her religious belief is the reason for this. Nikki references seeing angels as a young child, hinting at how faith kept her going through dark times. The Role of Emotional Support in Building Resilience is, thus, a second central theme in the book, and will be explored more deeply in upcoming sections.
By Nikki Grimes