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68 pages 2 hours read

George MacDonald

Phantastes: A Faerie Romance for Men and Women

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1858

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Chapters 21-25Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 21 Summary

The three brothers finish constructing their armor and prepare to fight the giants. However, the giants appear before they have time to put on their armor. Each of the brothers rushes out to battle. Anodos defeats his foe. He sees that the two brothers have won their own battles but died. Anodos, having completed the first worthwhile act of his life, looks behind him and sees his shadow still with him, though it was absent the entire time he was in the tower working with his brothers. Returning to the tower, he sees the two brothers’ useless armor lying empty.

The old king admires the armor his sons made and asks Anodos to leave his suit of armor so it can be displayed with the others. He knights Anodos with the sword of his youth held in a shaking hand. Anodos spends some time in the court, enjoying the round of parties and gaiety. He is admired by men and courted by women, but his shadow is never far from his mind. At last, he tires of the round of pleasure. Putting on a suit of splendid armor given to him by the king, he departs.

Chapter 22 Summary

Approaching a forest, Anodos remarks to himself that forests are the place in Fairy Land where one is most likely to encounter adventures. He rides along, admiring the magnificence of his new armor and feeling proud of himself for taking on the three giants almost single-handedly. Anodos sees a mighty knight approaching in armor identical to his own. The knight has Anodos’s face only fiercer. Anodos feels that the knight is evil and that he should fight, yet he trembles so much that he can’t set his lance.

The knight gives a scornful laugh and commands Anodos to follow him. The knight brings him to a dreary tower in the middle of the forest. He is told to enter, taking his shadow with him. Anodos stays in the tower for many days. One day, he hears a woman singing, and he leans against the tower door to better hear the song. The last lines bid the prideful Anodos to leave his prison. At that, Anodos opens the door of his tower, wondering why he had never done so before.

Outside, he finds the girl whose globe he broke. She was grieved to lose her pretty toy, but without it, she has learned to sing, which she was never able to do before, and wherever she goes, her songs do good. Anodos recognizes the maiden in the woman who has been glorified and ennobled by sorrow. She departs, singing that they are each going their own way and that there are many ways, many mistakes, and many waystations but only one destination: unity with the divine.

Anodos realizes he might be worthy of being a squire, not a knight. His fancy armor has become tarnished from neglect. He leaves it behind and takes with him only a short axe. Then, looking around, he realizes that he has lost his shadow by setting aside his pretensions to glory. At first, Anodos is vain of his humility, but he guesses that even this vanity will pass with greater maturity.

Chapter 23 Summary

Anodos has hardly lost sight of the tower behind him when he hears a full, manly voice raised in song. The singer comes into view, a knight singing to his horse, encouraging it to greater exertion. The horse is dragging the body of a great dragon. The knight pauses at Anodos’s side, and Anodos recognizes the unnamed knight. Anodos begs the knight to accept him as his squire.

The knight grants his request and offers Anodos his hand, saying that a knight and his squire should be friends. They come to a cottage where a woman runs out, begging to know whether her daughter has been found. The knight says he left her with a hermit who will care for her. The woman runs away and soon returns with the child, wounded nearly to death. The knight takes the child from the mother, weeping as he tends to the child’s wounds. Anodos is struck by the tenderness of the armed and armored man caring for the child even more gently than the mother.

Leaving the cottage, the knight rides for a while, then trades places with Anodos, saying that a knight and his squire should share their labor. Walking beside Anodos, he remarks that Fairy Land contains beauty and horror, nobility and weakness. All a man is expected to do is help where he can. Renown and success have no great value in themselves. Should he fail in any one task, the cumulative effect of all his effort will nevertheless content him. Anodos thinks this is very good for the knight but doubts it for himself.

The more they travel together, the more Anodos loves the knight. To him, the knight is the model of a true man. The knight seems to return his love, and Anodos would be content to serve him all his life. Still, Anodos yearns to do something greater to serve the knight.

One day, near sundown, they come to a yew hedge so thick they can’t see through it. They find a door and enter a great bare, rectangular space. Men in white robes stand in rows on either side of the long room. They carry swords but are otherwise robed in white like priests. Between the two rows, the space is filled with many men, women, and children in holiday clothes. All eyes look toward the far end of the open space.

The knight remarks that there must be some great and wise prophet about to speak or some great good about to take place, but Anodos senses a strong presence of evil. He suspects the knight is so good that he fails to see evil in others. Anodos dreads that the knight may be deceived into sanctioning something dreadful.

A group of priests proceeds toward the far end surrounding a youth dressed in white. They escort the young man to a throne on a high pedestal where sits a majestic-looking figure. The priests force the frightened youth through a door in the pedestal. A second procession does the same to a girl.

Anodos makes his way toward the throne, takes hold of the wooden image that sits upon it, and hurls it down. Where it sat is a hole like the hollow of a rotten tree. Out of the opening leaps a great beast like a wolf. Anodos takes it by the throat. The priests draw their swords, and Anodos only hopes he can choke the life from the beast before the priests kill him. He has no memory of being struck; he loses consciousness with his hand tightly gripping the brute’s neck.

Chapter 24 Summary

Anodos lies in his coffin with his hands folded on his breast while the knight and his lady weep over him. Anodos rejoices to have died well. The knight and his lady bury him on their castle grounds, surrounded by trees and flowers. Buried in the earth’s bosom, he feels his heart beating with the same pulse as all of nature. He resolves that as soon as he is accustomed to his new state, he will go among the sad and suffering and embrace them with healing love. As he thinks this, he feels a pang and shudder like the convulsions of death and wakes into a bodily and material life.

Chapter 25 Summary

Anodos finds himself lying on a little hill near his castle in the ordinary world. His sisters, overjoyed by his return, tell him he has been gone 21 days, although, to Anodos, it seemed like 21 years.

Anodos ends his story by recounting an incident in which he lies beneath an ancient beech tree. The music of the leaves moving in the breeze begins to form words in the voice of the old woman of the cottage of four doors, telling him that a “great good is coming” to Anodos.

Chapters 21-25 Analysis

Anodos approaches his final test. His journey more nearly assumes the structure of a quest narrative with mounting tension, a climax, and a denouement, if not exactly a solid conclusion.

This section amplifies the theme of Masculinity and Manhood through Anodos’s interactions with his brothers, his imprisonment, his experience with the knight, and his death at the pedestal. Anodos’s brothers in the ordinary world don’t appear when he returns home. Only his sisters are there to meet him. He is delighted to find two new brothers, but their relationship is short-lived, only long enough for the three of them to take on a task together. However, their short time together allows Anodos to symbolically grow to manhood with them and do one great thing before they are separated again forever.

The old King raises Anodos to knighthood, but his hand shakes as he does, indicating that the knighthood lacks substance. The king is worldly and has no power to confer the honor that Anodos must yet win. The Faerie Queene or the Marble Lady might have that power, but an ordinary man (even a royal one) does not. This worldly knighthood gives Anodos great pride and satisfaction, but it leads him to imprison himself in the tower. He yet lacks the inner qualities of nobility that he truly longs for.

The superficial pleasures of the palace are also too superficial to dispel Anodos’s shadow or to give him any lasting satisfaction. Anodos finds that the satisfaction of his first worthy deed is in the accomplishment itself, not in admiration or public acclaim.

Anodos remarks that forests in Fairy Land are where adventures are most likely to occur. In the forest, Anodos faces a version of himself that he perceives as evil. This is a common trope in both the quest narrative and the development story. The hero meets a reflection of himself and sees his own inner darkness. Unable to confront himself, Anodos locks himself in a prison of his own making. He could leave at any time, but his self-doubt holds him captive. Anodos finally loses his shadow once he emerges from his self-imposed prison.

Anodos is freed from captivity by pure grace. The woman whose heart he broke as a girl sings him out of his tower. Although Anodos feels guilt and shame for breaking her singing globe, he learns that the girl doesn’t blame him, nor does she forgive him; she sees nothing he needs to be forgiven for. In the girl’s own Bildungsroman, the breaking of her heart isn’t the crime of a man; every heart is broken, usually many times. The loss of her globe is only a step in her journey.

For MacDonald, the girl illustrates God’s grace. Forgiveness is not an imposition on God or a payment for human virtue. Grace is love that is surprised that the receiver should think it needs to be asked. This view of grace contrasts the Calvinist faith of MacDonald’s youth in which salvation was arbitrary and capricious—the whim of an indifferent god rather than the grace of a loving one. This portrayal of grace is an example of the power of allegory and imagination. The young woman’s interaction with Anodos shows a relationship between man and God that would be difficult to describe otherwise.

The encounter with the young woman makes Anodos conscious of how far he is from the man he should be. He lays aside the false armor of a virtue that he hasn’t earned and that has been tarnished by his weakness. Anodos leaves his armor behind but keeps the axe. The axe links Anodos again to the unnamed knight who cut down the Ash tree, saving Anodos from the Ash spirit.

Throughout the story, the unnamed knight has gone ahead of Anodos, passing through trials before him, always showing Anodos what a man should be. The knight embodies the chivalric ideal. He combines strength and tenderness, death and healing, masculine and feminine. The author specifically calls attention to the fact that the knight attends to the cottager’s child even more gently than the mother.

As the knight’s squire, Anodos learns to love work rather than acclaim and to love the knight for his virtues rather than his glory. When he thinks of doing great deeds, he thinks of doing them for the knight, not for reward or praise but out of love. The roles of Anodos and the knight undergo a reversal when they come upon the ceremony of the death cult (the setting of the ceremony is enclosed in a wall of yew trees—traditionally associated with death). There, Anodos can see what the knight cannot—that something evil is afoot. The knight’s innocence is that of Sir Percival, the purest of the grail knights, who often made boorish mistakes out of innocence.

At last, Anodos can serve the knight, preventing him from being taken in by his own innocence. Anodos sacrifices his life to end the evil cult, and his act alerts the knight to the wrongness in the ceremony. The knight then fights the cultists rather than being deceived by them.

Finally, Anodos undergoes a death and resurrection. He experiences an apotheosis (elevation to the status of a god), which fulfills the implication of his name, meaning “ascent.” Where the Romantics saw the divine in nature, Anodos’s union with all nature makes him one and the same with the divine.

Humans like their stories to have endings. The Bildungsroman often feels as if it defies the expected conclusion. Anodos looks forward to a lifetime in the ordinary world with no idea whether what he learned in Fairy Land will even carry over into the mundane world or if he will have to learn it all over again. There is no sense of closure because adulthood is not an ending or a conclusion. The words of the beech tree at the end open the doors to the promise that Anodos’s adventure in Fairy Land is only the prologue to the rest of his life.

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