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43 pages 1 hour read

Karyn Langhorne Folan

Pretty Ugly

Fiction | Novel | YA | Published in 2010

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Themes

Identity and Individuality

The novel explores the theme of identity and individuality through Jamee’s struggle to be viewed as her own person and not as a less serious, less smart version of her sister, Darcy. Jamee begins the book as a new student at the same high school her sister attends, which invites comparisons, all of them initially negative. Whereas Darcy stands out for her intelligence and academic achievement, Jamee struggles in school and is more interested in athletics, specifically cheerleading and gymnastics. 

Jamee’s welcome to high school comes in the form of her teachers and the upperclassmen all labeling her as “Darcy’s sister.” This tends to be accompanied by descriptions of how good and successful Darcy as been. Jamee quickly chafes under these comparisons, which she is also receiving at home, and feels frustrated, isolated, and unseen by her family and teachers. She explains that originally it was nice to have this connection in her new school, but after about a week of it, she quickly resented it. She lists a number of experiences: her history teacher, who said “You need to study harder, like your sister Darcy”; her English teacher, who said, “You’re not as good a writer as your sister Darcy”; her physical science teacher, who said, “If you’re having trouble, maybe you could ask your sister Darcy”; juniors and seniors who would stop her and say either “You look just like her” or “You don’t look anything like her”; and Mrs. Guessner, who said, “[Darcy’s] one of the best students I ever had at Bluford” (5). The trend continues at home, where her parents threaten and plead with her to be more studious and dedicated to going to college. 

The one thing Jamee feels good at is devalued by her family, leaving Jamee always feeling inadequate. Jamee explains that “she had always been agile and fast in gym class, especially with gymnastics. Years of cheerleading had only improved her skills. Where Darcy had a natural talent for schoolwork, Jamee knew her sister couldn’t touch her with athletics” (69). She even thinks maybe that’s why she’s invested so much into her athletics: because it's an area where she doesn’t have to compete with Darcy and would likely come out ahead if there were a competition. 

Ultimately, it is not cheerleading that defines Jamee’s individuality and identity, but rather her morality and courage. Though Jamee recognizes the dangers to herself if she stands up for Angel against Vanessa’s group of bullies, she has a strong sense of right and wrong and won’t stand for injustice. Repeatedly, even in the face of threats, Jamee challenges Vanessa and gets in the way of her bullying Angel. Because Angel is a new girl and not an existing friend of Jamee’s, the choices Jamee makes to protect the girl are made purely from a sense of justice. Other characters affirm that Vanessa is mean and scary; Dez says, “Man, them girls are mean” (37), and Darcy says, “That girl Vanessa is scary […] If I were a freshman, you wouldn’t catch me near her” (163). That Jamee stands up to Vanessa’s bullying on behalf of a girl she just met highlights her integrity. 

Jamee’s individuality and identity are cemented in the final pages of the book, when her family’s skewed perspective on her is challenged by the way Angel and her mother describe her. The squad already recognized her courage and leadership when “the applause spread to the girls on the gym floor who had left the bleachers, girls who were ready to quit the team because they felt it was the right thing to do” (158). This gives Jamee a feeling of acceptance and pride at school, but her home life still needed to be improved. Jamee’s parents see her in a new light after hearing the story. As they listen, they “glance at Jamee as if they had never seen her before” (163). When they recognize Jamee as an individual with her own strengths, the comparisons to Darcy stop. Instead of being seen as Darcy’s inferior little sister, Bobby Wallace’s “easy” ex, or Dez’s girlfriend, Jamee is seen as her own person—someone who stood up to the school bully and won.

Social Pressure and Conformity

Jamee is subject to a lot of pressure in the book, both at school and at home. Some is well-intentioned but ultimately harmful to her, such as the comments from teachers and her parents that she should pursue academics like Darcy. They want Jamee to succeed, but they encourage her to do so by making her feel inferior and devaluing her interest in cheerleading. This pressure to conform to typical expectations of a student makes Jamee feel alone. However, bullying is the primary external conflict of the book, which positions Jamee to choose between becoming a bully, condoning bullying, or becoming a victim of bullying. The other girls attempt to exert pressure on Jamee to conform to their behavior, with Kym telling a resistant Jamee that she thought she’d be “smarter,” implying that defying Vanessa is a stupid choice to make. Later, in the pizza shop, Vanessa tells Jamee she “just made a big mistake” and says, “I gave you a chance, but it’s over now” (93). This refers to the opportunity Vanessa gave Jamee to join her clique. With Jamee’s refusal and active obstruction of the bullying, Vanessa relegates her to the status of victim. It is around this time that Vanessa sends the picture of Jamee and Angel to everyone from Tasha’s phone, unleashing a cascading effect of bullying throughout the school. 

The social pressure to go along with bullying is revealed through three storylines: Tasha’s attempts to fit in with Vanessa, the reactions to the photo by many of the other students, and the girls’ reluctance to turn Vanessa in to administrators or authorities. The book depicts Tasha as desperate to fit in with Vanessa’s group, describing her as having “beamed with pride” when the mean girls laughed at Tasha’s mocking imitation of Angel (30). It also highlights the pressure that Vanessa puts on Tasha to be obedient, for example when Vanessa demands the use of Tasha’s cell phone despite Tasha’s mother’s instructions not to let others use it. As the bullying escalates, Tasha is seen as increasingly more reluctant to participate, and she is ultimately redeemed as a character when she stands and confesses to having taken the photo. 

Further developing the theme of social pressures is the response of the other students after Vanessa sends the photo and its suggestive caption to everyone. Sensing weakness, the other students mock and isolate Jamee. Even those who don’t believe the rumor stay quiet. Jamee tells Angel, “They just haven’t said anything because they’re scared” (131). This fear of retribution by the mean girls suppresses any support Jamee and Angel might have received, particularly among the underclassmen. It is Crystal, a senior, who finally shows the photo to Coach Seville, explaining, “What happened wasn’t right. I just kept thinking how I’d feel if someone did this to me, so I thought the right thing to do was to tell someone” (143). Crystal’s actions demonstrate the same morality and courage Jamee’s do, as while the rest of the students were busy trying to avoid Vanessa’s wrath, Crystal had enough empathy to bring the matter to the attention of an authority figure. Though the pressure not to “tell” or involve adults in these matters is significant, the bully is left exposed when the others group together and refuse to conform to the expectations placed on them. In this way, the book suggests that while bullying can be isolating, a community that chooses to condemn it can make a difference in the lives of victims.

Prejudice as a Tool in Bullying

Though there is no mention of racial prejudice in the book, other forms do exist, such as ableism, anti-gay bias, and classism. These prejudices are used in insulting or isolating ways by everyone from students to Jamee’s relative, Charlotte. The Bluford High series is set in an inner-city high school where many of the families are implied to struggle financially. Differences in financial status are pointed out several times in the text, typically in ways that demean the target. Aunt Charlotte’s suggestion that the family “doesn’t get good produce” where they live implies a feeling of superiority and pity toward the family (45). Charlotte, however, exhibits a more complex form of prejudice than some of the younger characters. She generously gifts a laptop to the family to improve their circumstances, but she does so in a way that reaffirms her sense of superiority. This implies her classism is more internalized, shining through in her words but not necessarily being used to keep Jamee’s family from succeeding socially or financially.

Meanwhile, ableist language is also used in the text several times when Vanessa and her friends, including Tasha, call Angel a slur and tease her response to the coach in cheerleading. Jamee notes how a bully’s voice is “loud and unnatural, mocking the way Angel yelled out during practice” (30). Though Angel does not have a cognitive disability that is disclosed in the text, the girls use the suggestion to belittle Angel. When the opportunity arises, they later turn to anti-gay bias to embarrass both Angel and Jamee. The two are never shown to be of a sexual orientation other than heterosexual, but this fact doesn’t matter; the crux of the issue is Vanessa using existing prejudice against LGBTQ+ people as a tool to further isolate others. This bias is not only shown in how Vanessa mockingly depicts an implicative photo of the two girls, but also through the responses of Jamee’s classmates to the photo. One notable incident occurs when Jamee innocently bumps into another girl in the lunch line. The girl tells Jamee, “Just ‘cause you like that doesn’t mean I am, y’hear?” with fear and anger in her eyes (126). The innocent photograph of Jamee putting her arm supportively around Angel’s shoulders was enough to persuade the student body that Jamee and Angel were romantically involved. Jamee doesn’t exhibit any inherent bias against LGBTQ+ people—she’s more concerned with the fact that the rumor isn’t true and is being used to further bully her and Angel.

Overall, some of the prejudice that appears throughout the book is—while still harmful—implied to be naturally expressed, not a concept weaponized against specific people for the sole purpose of bullying them. This is, somewhat ironically, conveyed best by Angel, an otherwise positive and kind character. When Angel uses the cheap appearance of Vanessa’s hair extensions against her, Jamee describes “gasps and hushed laughter [erupting] among the crowd of nervous girls” (136), demonstrating the effectiveness of this insult. This is meant to represent Angel’s newfound courage, but it nonetheless reinforces classist prejudice. Using this insult to embarrass Vanessa doesn’t solve the conflict and is out of character for the protagonists, who otherwise don’t appear to judge others based on class. Nonetheless, the primary perpetrator in using preexisting prejudices as a tool in her bullying is Vanessa, who chooses different forms of discrimination based on what suits her best in the moment.

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