43 pages • 1 hour read
Diane GlancyA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Maritole and the other women, such as Quaty, Anna, Mrs. Young Turkey, and Kee-un-e-ca, sit by the fire to “thaw out [their] bones” (165). They hear the soldiers get drunk at night to celebrate the new year. Meanwhile, the Cherokee community celebrates their new year “with the Keetoowah fire” (165). Luthy watches Maritole with disdain as she sits with the older women. She despises Maritole’s growing relationship with Williams. Further along on the trail, Maritole almost faints from exhaustion, and Williams comes to her aid. The pair kiss and Maritole feels more comforted by Williams than by Knobowtee. Quaty asks Maritole if Williams is her husband, and Maritole claims that she lost her husband on the trail. Quaty rebukes Maritole, claiming that she is no better than the Georgia Cherokee people who gave away their land. During this time, Reverend Bushyhead’s sister dies just as his wife gives birth to their second daughter, Elizah Missouri Bushyhead.
Maritole asks Williams to take her back home. She also asks him to become Cherokee. Williams has given Maritole some clothing, and when Knobowtee tries to rip this clothing from Maritole’s body, he and Williams get into a physical fight. Maritole is shamed, and she worries that Williams will have to go to a hearing. Maritole begins listening to the leaves tell “the story of [the Cherokee people’s] march” (173). Tanner, Maritole’s father, and Knobowtee assert that the white men will eventually have to pay for their treatment of the Cherokee people, but Maritole does not believe that will ever happen. As Maritole loses hope, Quaty continues to shame her for falling in love with Williams. Tanner tells Knobowtee to stay with Maritole, but Knobowtee believes that she is dying. In a fit of anger, Knobowtee punches his brother.
Anna, Luthy, and Teehee continue to push forward despite their fear for the future. Anna worries that she cannot hear any of the voices anymore. As the journey continues, Knobowtee and many other men are forced to walk in chains. Tanner remembers how “the grandfathers” told their people that a “dark shadow” would cover their land (183). Maritole continues to weaken, and Lacey cares for her. Reverend Bushyhead continues to preach to the Cherokee people, and War Club begins talking to himself about how he needs to keep walking. Disembodied voices state that one of the guards keeps a list of Cherokee people and the supplies as they walk the Trail of Tears. These voices also remember how the Cherokee people planted their food, including corn, watermelon, and sunflowers. The narrative also includes the journal entry of a “government teamster” to outline their journey and list the stops that they make on their way to Oklahoma.
During this time, Quaty tells Luthy and Tanner’s sons a tale about the “Trickster Turtle,” using both Cherokee and English so that they will remember the legend. Anna believes that the power of these stories will help them defeat the white settlers, but Luthy claims that the white people’s disbelief in their stories will prevent the Cherokee people from gaining any power over them. Knobowtee continues to think about what he will do in Oklahoma, and he hopes to join the council that will guide the people. Meanwhile, Maritole continues to struggle with an illness. As they near the Missouri border, she wakes up one morning thinking of her brother, Thomas. The narrative relates a story of a bear to show how the Cherokee people once forgot their cultural roots and transformed into bears. Then the narrative shifts to Reverend Bushyhead, who carries a list of the supplies needed to establish their settlement.
At this point in the novel, most of the characters are riddled with fatigue due to the harsh, winter conditions of the trail, and infighting occurs as the harsh conditions cause people to act counter to their belief in The Importance of Community. As she struggles with the hardships of the journey, Maritole mourns for her previous strength, stating, “On the trail again I felt the soldier’s arm hold me up when my legs folded under me. I had been strong. I could run almost as fast as Knobowtee” (166). Maritole’s defeated tone represents her loss of independence and self, especially as she is forced to rely on Williams to help her walk. Her lament that she once was able to “run almost as fast Knobowtee” implies that she not only felt independent from her husband (166), but equal to him as well. However, at this point in the novel, her weakened state robs her of this independence, reflecting the widespread effects of The Clash Between Indigenous Cultures and Governmental Policies. A similar loss of independence and identity is demonstrated by the fact that Tanner must lead Maritole’s father “like a child” (176), and this reversal of roles—the younger man leading the elder—represents the utter inversion of every aspect of Cherokee people’s lives and social structure. Maritole also relates the physical hardships of her companions in graphic detail, claiming that she “cried for the blood from the split feet [she] saw in the snow” (167). She also equates the Cherokee people with “suffering” bodies as they continue walking the trail, emphasizing the fact that the long trek has stripped them of their agency and humanity. Likewise, the blood that stains the snow represents the “suffering” that they are forced to endure at the hands of the white settlers. With “Missouri” being the second longest chapter in the novel, the structure and length represent the physical exhaustion and fatigue that they face towards the end of the trail.
For Maritole, her relationship with Williams grants her a shred of comfort and rejuvenation in an otherwise traumatic situation. The calm tone with which she illustrates their physical relationship contrasts with her descriptions of the physical and mental exhaustion that afflicts her people. She claims that she feels “hollow as the log where my grandmother had ground her cornmeal,” and Williams’s “love was comforting” (167). Here, Glancy depicts Maritole’s isolation and low mood, implying that Williams serves as an escape from her emotions in the face of her husband’s resentment and distance.
Overwhelmed by their physical exhaustion, the Cherokee people become even more frustrated with each other, and tension arises amongst many of the characters. Specifically, Luthy condemns Maritole for her relationship with Williams, stating, “Maritole doesn’t sit with anyone her age. She wants to be with women like her mother, who would ignore what she does. Let Maritole talk to the younger women. Let her sit with us” (166). At this moment, Luthy struggles to accept Maritole’s decision to engage with Williams, a white soldier, and she believes this to be an act of betrayal. Luthy’s tone also implies that she is jealous of Maritole’s lack of worry over the consequences of her actions. However, the harsh realities of the Trail of Tears cause Luthy and characters like Quaty to feel betrayed by Maritole, who willingly allows herself to be influenced by a white man.