32 pages • 1 hour read
Isaac AsimovA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Mrs. Wright, or Lillian, is arguably the protagonist: Her comments appear first, her desires drive the inciting incident, and her comments close the narrative. However, she’s also a static character, the archetype of the American housewife. Lillian’s dialogue focuses only on her neighbors, her son, and the aesthetics and possessions of suburban life: bright bedspreads, large closets, a “tremendous yard,” and a “hospital-sanitary” kitchen. Her roles as wife and mother are critical to the story’s suburban setting in the 1950s US and help develop The Illusion of Perfection and Control as a theme.
Her reactions to the events throughout the story, and even the climax, rarely go deeper than the surface. She breezily talks past her husband’s objections, responds “jubilantly” when she convinces the Sakkaros to go to the park, and maintains an illusion of good grace even when she’s clearly irritated by her neighbors’ anxiety about the weather. Clichés form the basis of her reasoning and even some of her speech. She believes (correctly) that Mrs. Sakkaro can’t say no to an outing that provides a chance for her son to have fun, which George calls the “mother’s psychology.” Her final comment of the story, which reveals the basic premise behind the narrative, is the clichéd saying that the Sakkaros are “made of sugar and afraid they would melt” (134). External factors concerning her neighbors motivate her internal conflicts, underscoring the theme of Curiosity and Judgment.
The fact that her plotting leads to the Sakkaros’ watery demise likewise casts Mrs. Wright as the story’s antagonist. Her acute lack of depth complicates her true motivations, making it hard to discern whether she merely wants to get to know the “odd” new neighbors better because it’s what one should do, or whether she has deeper suspicions about their standoffish behavior. Nevertheless, her indirect characterization through conversations with George suggests that both Wrights are largely motivated by anxieties about being compared with the people living next door and coming up short.
Mr. Wright, or George, is the story’s second protagonist, or deuteragonist. Like his wife, he’s indirectly characterized through their conversations with one another, but he’s a more dynamic character than she is, undergoing slight changes as the narrative unfolds. Early in the story, his only motivation seems to be watching the baseball game on television, and he pays little attention to her observations about the new neighbors. Like his wife, he’s an archetype of the 1950s American—watching the ball game, sitting on the couch with a frosty beverage, and good-naturedly letting his wife chatter in his ear.
However, changes in him become apparent as he begins to interact with the Sakkaros, revealing insecurities and anxieties similar to his wife’s. He comments distractedly early in the story that Mrs. Sakkaro’s perfect home will “be setting you impossible standards and you’ll have to drop her in self-defense” (130), but after meeting Mr. Sakkaro, he says that “with a handsome, wealthy man next door, it looks as though I’ll have impossible standards set for me, too” (131). Thematically, the juxtaposition of these comments reveals George’s own preoccupation with The Illusion of Perfection and Control and also a bit of male condescension: It was acceptable, and even a little amusing, for his wife to compare herself with impossible standards, but now that he might be subject to the same comparisons, he feels irritated. Rather than accept his own concerns as the root of this feeling, he blames the Sakkaros’ odd habits: “If I see them biting away at another cotton candy stick I’ll turn green and sicken on the spot” (132).
Despite his aggravation, and in contrast to Mrs. Wright, his actions at the climax of the story can in some ways be interpreted as heroic. Although he believes that the coming storm is nothing to worry about, he gets the Sakkaros home as quickly as he can, nearly delivering them to their doorstep in time to be saved.
A flat character throughout the story who represents the archetypal American child, Tommie is merely functional. He serves particular functions for Asimov as the architect of the narrative and for Mrs. Wright as the architect of the plot.
For Asimov, Tommie is the method by which the Wrights receive the (apparently erroneous) information that the Sakkaros are from Arizona. Thematically, the text gives only one hint as to Tommie’s true character, which suggests that he might not be the “ideal” child the Wrights imagine as they pursue The Illusion of Perfection and Control: “The Sakkaro boy was so polite and reasonable that even Tommie Wright, wedged between his parents in the front seat, was subdued by example into a semblance of civilization” (130). The implication is that Tommie frequently behaves in ways his parents might consider “uncivilized,” which Lillian further enforces when she’s unable to “recall when she had spent so serenely pleasant a drive” (131).
For Mrs. Wright, Tommie supports her image as a wife and mother who wants her son to make friends and have fun at an amusement park but who is also willing to use him to serve her own ends. She wishes that Tommie would make friends with the Sakkaro boy because she wants to know more about them, and she uses both her son and the Sakkaros’ son as motivation for the outing to Murphy’s Park.
Depicted as a family unit rather than individuals with their own hopes and concerns, the Sakkaros are characterized directly but vaguely through the Wrights’ dialogue. Each only has a last name and role in the family to define them: Mrs. Sakkaro, Mr. Sakkaro, and the Sakkaro boy. They all worry about the same thing: rain. Their elusiveness provides the story’s inciting incident and rising action, and their fate becomes both climax and resolution. In the interim, they thematically symbolize The Illusion of Perfection and Control that the Wrights are striving toward, being “young and pleasant, dark and handsome” and “polite and reasonable” (130). When the Sakkaros melt in the rain at the story’s end, they’re revealed to have been just that all along: an illusion. Thus, the Sakkaros serve as the narrative’s antagonists.
Their role as antagonists helps indirectly characterize Lillian and George Wright and helps thematically develop the Wrights’ Fear of the Unknown. Readers don’t know much about the Wrights, but they know even less about the Sakkaros. Because the text is structured through the Wrights’ dialogue, it conveys a sense of their growing frustration with the Sakkaros’ mysteriousness and their fear about the family’s origins. There are several hints that Sakkaros might be spying on their neighbors, particularly in the context of the setting in the 1950s and the Cold War.
When the Sakkaros melt at the end of the story, Lillian’s relief is palpable, and the text implies a question about just who the Sakkaros might have been spying for—whether they were an even more terrifying alien “other” than their neighbors imagined. The ambiguous ending leaves the possibility open for various inferences about what kind of antagonists they were, among other questions.
By Isaac Asimov
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Education
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Fear
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Good & Evil
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Jewish American Literature
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