57 pages • 1 hour read
Cynthia BondA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
From her bed, Ruby watches Ephram cleaning the house. She imagines the way various acquaintances from New York would react to him. Because he is not a charity chase and would decline their pity, they would all unite in “one common hypocritical judgment against this singular Black man” (171). As Ephram moves around the house, he continues to track the powder around. He feels sick and pained.
At eleven thirty, a crowd of men arrives at Ruby’s door to fetch Ephram for Junie’s funeral. He assures her he will be back.
At church, Righteous Polk prepares for the service. She remembers the fate of her daughter Honey. At 16, Honey was impregnated by a traveling reverend named Swanson. Honey left the church and abandoned her son to live with a girlfriend. Righteous and her church friends dragged Honey back to Liberty and performed a grueling exorcism on her. Shortly afterward Honey died by suicide. Righteous blames herself for not saving her daughter’s soul.
Junie’s funeral is a performative affair. The guests arrive in their Sunday best, and the women of the Rankin family compete to prove who loved him the most. After the burial, Chauncy heckles Ephram for spending time with Ruby. Ephram’s distress compels him to throw up. Their argument escalates to a fight. Chauncy slips and lands in Ephram’s vomit. Angrily, he leaves to change, but then makes an abrupt turn in the direction of Ruby’s house.
Ephram walks over to his mother’s grave. Otha Jennings’s coffin contains a collection of her favorite items, since her remains were not salvageable from the fire that burned the segregated ward of Kindred psychiatric hospital to the ground.
The narrative flashes back to Otha’s childhood in Baltimore. She grows up in a family who never knew slavery. At 17, she meets Reverend Jennings on her way to church. Within days, they are married, and Otha gives up her family’s dream of a college education. By the time she gives birth to Ephram, the reverend is regularly beating her and shaming her in front of his congregation. They struggle financially, and Otha takes on a job at Miss Barbara’s bridal shop to make ends meet. Shortly afterward she starts finding disturbing items around the house, including a voodoo doll stuck with a pin and a foul-smelling red velvet bag. One night, she finds a bloody sheet hidden in the outhouse and knows that something was killed on it. That night, she secretly follows her husband into the pine woods. Crouched behind a tree, she watches him minister to a group of men she recognizes from church as they gather around a fire.
The reverend speaks about how white men have both God and the Devil at their beck and call, thanks to the KKK’s satanic rituals. He blames the existence of racist white men on women, who “carry evil inside them like a disease” (194). Six small girls are brought into the circle. As one man kills a calf, the others begin to sexually assault the girls. Otha turns to run, but she is caught and knocked unconscious by the men. Upon waking the next morning, she experiences a mental-health crisis and shows up to the church picnic naked.
At Dearing psychiatric hospital, the reverend tells the front desk that Otha tried to drown her children. She is held under inhumane conditions, shunted between filthy rooms with other Black patients. The psychiatrists at Dearing inject her with experimental medications that cause hallucinations. She only receives one visit from her family before her death.
In the Bell yard in the present day, Ruby is once again transforming into the chinaberry tree. Chauncy appears, yanking her from her reverie. She doesn’t want to sleep with him, but she is “well trained in not following her wants” (207). The Dyboù enters Chauncy’s body as Ruby lies on the ground. When she doesn’t comply immediately with its demands, Chauncy drags her inside and beats her. As he prepares to assault Ruby, Ephram appears at the door with a carton of chocolate ice cream. Chauncy composes himself and coolly lies that he came to the house to apologize. Ruby backs up his lie, and Ephram grudgingly lets Chauncy go. As he walks back toward town, the Dyboù within Chauncy decides he will carry on Reverend Jennings’s legacy.
Ruby and Ephram sit together in the yard. Ruby feels like “a used thing […] nothing” (212) until she sees a flicker of respect in Ephram’s eyes. The sight makes Ruby remember her worth as a person. She leans up and kisses Ephram.
By the time they break their kiss, rain has washed most of the red powder off Ruby’s doorstep. Ephram gets a brush and bucket to scrub away the rest. Then he carries her over the threshold as the old crow caws out a warning. Ruby murmurs, “Shut up, Maggie” (214) before catching a glimpse of Reverend Jennings’s ghost in the doorway.
Celia returns home after Junie’s funeral. She is ashamed that Ephram left the service and missed the reception. The fact that it’s Ruby who is stealing Ephram away compounds her shame.
Celia knows about Ruby’s childhood. When she was 12, Celia followed her father, the reverend, into the woods and witnessed him raping Ruby at the pit fire. Unable to accept his guilt, she turned on Ruby, convincing herself that the little girl was a minion of the Devil and had “dragged [the reverend] into hellfire” (219).
Celia resolves to try and save Ruby’s soul. If she doesn’t succeed, then she will get Ruby committed to Dearing.
The pine trees in the Liberty woods have watched men acting out dark rituals around the fire for hundreds of years. At first it was only white men who performed the rituals. Enslaved people hid in the shadows and learned “the source of the white man’s might” (221). They intermixed traditional African folk practices and made them their own. The Dyboù is the spirit of Reverend Jennings and has been wandering the woods for 37 years because his soul was bound to the earth by a KKK curse cast in the moments before his lynching.
The narrative flashes back to Omar Jennings’s boyhood in Jessup, Maryland. His father abuses alcohol and beats him, and his mother verbally abuses and slaps him, except for when he manages to bring food home. At 13, Omar murders his father in a staged accident near a plantation. Shortly afterward, his mother rapes him. They begin an incestuous relationship. Omar runs the household for two years, until his mother falls pregnant. Mrs. Jennings tries to kick her son out of the house and move another man in, so he murders her with an axe. He buries both of their bodies with lodestones on their graves to stop their souls from rising. For the next three years before leaving Jessup, Omar runs the household, presiding over his little sisters and sexually abusing the middle child, 10-year-old Betty.
Bond continues to use magical realism and history to enhance this section of the narrative. Chapter 20 begins with the memories of the trees. They recall watching as Black men learned black magic from Ku Klux Klan members, twisting a practice once used against them into one they themselves can use to grab a modicum of power. The black-magic circle in Liberty targets young Black girls like Ruby because these are the only people with even less societal protection than themselves.
In Chapter 20, Bond also explores the cycle of abuse. Before he became a reverend, a young Omar Jennings was subjected to physical abuse and raped by his mother. After murdering both of his parents, he immediately began to enact the same abuse on his ten-year-old sister, starting off a lifetime of sexual crimes. Omar’s experiences made him into a bitter, misogynistic predator. He lashed out at the world in vengeance, hurting innocent people to reclaim a sense of control. In this way he is a foil for Ruby, who has never perpetuated abuse but has also never fought back against her attackers.
There is a dark irony in the reverend’s Christian proselytizing. At the pit fire, he states that God is “nothing but a butt boy for rich white men” (194). Liberty’s men are justifiably angry at the discrimination and brutality they have faced at the hands of white men. Rather than channeling their anger into the active Civil Rights Movement or lashing out at their oppressors, they target an even more vulnerable group: Black women.
The reverend blames women for every evil, from “locust and yellow fever” to slavery (194), because Eve birthed the first white man. He frames the rape of young girls as a tool to reclaim the power unjustly taken from Black men. Ironically, after ruining countless young lives under the guise of reclaiming his dues from the world, he ends up lynched by the KKK anyway. Bond emphasizes that trying to gain power by subjugating vulnerable people is a senseless pursuit.
Chapter 19 reveals that Celia knows that her father raped Ruby. After having idolized the reverend as a father and a godly man, she can’t accept this as the truth. She shifts the blame onto Ruby, plunging deeper into the church and drawing on her internalized misogynoir to convince herself that Ruby was a bad girl who has grown into a bad woman. She inadvertently uses the same rhetoric espoused by the men at the Friends’ Club to justify raping Ruby.
Through Celia and Ephram Bond explores a deep but nonromantic and nonsexual relationship between a woman and a man. Having given up on the romantic part of her life entirely, nurturing Ephram gives Celia purpose. She construes his relationship with Ruby as a threat because she views any other woman in Ephram’s life as a rival.
Righteous Polk’s story is another example of the inability of Liberty’s women to hold their men accountable. Her daughter Honey is impregnated by a traveling reverend in an implied act of coercion or rape. Rather than blaming the adult man, Righteous commands her daughter to forgive him. She takes greater issue with Honey entering a same-sex relationship with “a female abomination of God” than with the assault by the reverend (176), subjecting her daughter to a 14-hour exorcism to try to alter her sexuality. The uncaring attitude of her community and her own mother exacerbates Honey’s suffering, and she dies by suicide. Righteous’s attitude doesn’t exist in a vacuum. It’s the result of a misogynistic society and misogynistic religious rhetoric.
Otha’s story highlights the intersection of racism and discrimination against people with mental illnesses. Otha is restrained in inhumane conditions, used as a guinea pig for psychological medications, and then left to die in a fire, all because she tried to put a stop to the reverend’s crimes. Between Otha and Ruby, a pattern is emerging. Black women who dare to acknowledge the violence of their world, who respond to it with emotion rather than turning a blind eye, are dismissed as “crazy.” Targeting them is easier for the community than facing up to its own darkness.
Though the reverend is dead, Chauncy carries on his legacy by harboring the Dyboù. When he arrives intending to rape Ruby, Ruby realizes that she doesn’t want to surrender to him. For the first time in decades, she claims agency over her body and honors her wants by refusing to lie down and let Chauncy rape her. She avoids an assault, but lies to Ephram about the abuse, continuing to play the role of a complacent “good girl,” just as she was taught by the reverend and Miss Barbara.
Despite the increasing resistance of the town, Ephram continues to support Ruby. He scrubs away the dark magic of the Dyboù from Ruby’s home in an act that symbolizes the way their relationship is slowly helping her heal.