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42 pages 1 hour read

Khaled Hosseini

Sea Prayer

Fiction | Graphic Novel/Book | Adult | Published in 2018

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Themes

Failures of Memory

Memories are subjective testimony. As the narrator struggles to document and process the contrasting memories he and his son share, the failures of memory cannot be ignored. Because the narrator is unable to share his memories fully, he is isolated from sharing his grief.

When the story starts, the narrator focuses on full compositions of the landscape paired with specific details from his childhood home outside of Homs. The greenery and bold brushstrokes are vivid without being realistic. The shadows and outlines provide the impression or the feeling of the space without committing to concrete details. The text follows this same pattern by focusing on unseen and unnamed family members, only providing descriptions for the domestic memories that surround the farmhouse. It conveys senses without being clear. For example, the narrator remembers the “bleating of your grandmother’s goat” (9), which translates well into imagining this place but not for learning about the people. More senses are invoked throughout the story. The narrator wishes that Marwan could remember for himself “the crowded lanes smelling of fried kibbeh / and the evening walks we took / with your mother / around Clock Tower Square” (17). More emphasis is placed on the physical location than on details unique to the narrator’s family. By hiding loss behind a wish to remember, the narrator’s attempts to recreate the experience fall short of specific detail.

The narrator focuses on getting Marwan to experience the memory rather than preserving the memory for posterity when he details an event that Marwan has forgotten. Marwan being too young to remember his trip to the countryside causes the narrator to feel regret. Rather than being wistful or angry about the way the past was happier than the present, the narrator focuses on memory. It is not grief that the farmhouse is gone or that Homs has changed—it is Marwan’s lack of memory that pains him. The narrator wishes for Marwan to be older so that “you wouldn’t have forgotten the farmhouse, / the soot of its stone walls, / the creek where your uncles and I built / a thousand boyhood dams” (13). While the narrator prays for safety, he wishes for Marwan to remember. As the story illustrates moments when Marwan is capable of remembering, more negative space is used. While the faces can be seen in more detail, the figures are more often a part of their environment, matching them in color or texture. This suggests a failure to accurately portray the events the narrator previously described.

The failure of memory to accurately transport Marwan back into the past separates the two main characters of the book. The father and Marwan are in the same physical space, but they are experiencing a very different loss. As the narrator avoids direct mention of death and the particulars of their loss, such as Marwan’s mother, the author hides this context from the reader. Because so much is placed into subtext, Hosseini makes it difficult to follow the details of the story, and the book itself hence explores the failures of memory to recreate an experience fully. The narrator is isolated in his grief over a life his son cannot remember.

Connecting to Home Through Nature

Throughout the story, the narrator grapples with the two different versions of Homs that he and his son have experienced. He prioritizes the natural environment to feel connected to a past home. Using the land to represent all things that are lost due to the conflict in Syria, the narrator reveals how he uses his connection to nature to ground his feelings in a force that should be stable and long lasting. Connecting to home through nature, the narrator processes his experience of belonging and uses the change in the physical environment to explain the break of continuity for his son.

While Homs undergoes many changes both in the story and in the illustration, it is one of the few specific names included in the book. This is necessary because the city is unrecognizable by the second half. Visually showing the change from the past and into the present, the illustrator uses a changing color palette to separate the experiences of the narrator and his son. The transition from vivid natural hues of green, yellows, and oranges to muddier, neutral colors parallels the narrator’s unfamiliarity and confusion over the changing landscape. Much of what Marwan has learned about life during the conflict isn’t shared with the narrator. His experience of “a bomb crater” contrasts the previous evening walks and explored fields (27). While the narrator lists the experiences that Marwan has in the time of protests, bombs, and loss, he does not describe them using the same vivid language and natural imagery of his earlier memories.

The narrator’s emotional connection to his home and his memory is expressed by his focus on the physical landscape. By connecting to his home through his memories of nature, the destruction of human-made structures stands out even more. On the beach, with the other people about to cross the Mediterranean, they find “all of us in search of home” (33). As they look forward into the sea, it is this connection to nature that makes a place their home.

Loss of Identity

When it comes to tragedy on a global scale, like the Syrian refugee crisis, the overwhelming number of people affected and displaced is hard to conceptualize, as is suggested by Hosseini’s limited use of statistics in the story. The narrative focus of Sea Prayer capitalizes on the fact that names, signifiers, and faces are ways that people connect to someone they do not know. By excluding the names of nearly every character, the author prioritizes Marwan as the central character of the story. Rather than surround him with details of his larger family, their names are also erased. By isolating Marwan from his family in both the text and the illustrations, Hosseini explores the limitations of reported statistics to create an emotional investment. The story suggests that individual identities are subsumed in large-scale conflict, and the theme of loss of identity reveals the value of fiction in handling large scale global conflict.

From the first page, this piece is directed from an unnamed father to his son, Marwan, living near the city of Homs. While both Marwan and Homs are named directly, the narrator and other characters are implied but not identified or addressed. The narrator limits the attachments that can be formed with other people; he explains that “mothers and / sisters and classmates can be found in narrow gaps between concrete” but not whether those mothers, sisters, or classmates are Marwan’s family or his peers (29). The effect both highlights the way tragedy has made these characters lose their identity while bringing Marwan’s identity to the fore.

As the text traces the journey of refugees, the illustrator depicts a seemingly unending stream of people marching. These large crowds are different in both direction and tone, switching from the denser and more detailed blue crowd associated with the protests to the longer, less unified browns and sketchier outlines of the people fleeing the city (21, 31). In both examples, the details are limited, and the text is removed from the page. Identifiers like faces and names are removed. This reflects the way that war and loss of home contribute to an individual’s loss of identity. Rather than diminishing the emotional impact of the book, this calls attention to how overwhelming and unexplainable the refugees’ experiences have been.

Because Marwan’s identity is, in contrast, clear and specific, Hosseini heightens the emotional impact of his possible death. The narrator emphasizes him, writing, “[b]ecause you, / you are precious cargo, Marwan, / the most precious there ever was” (43) invoking both his name and the singular “you” repeatedly. The emphasis on Marwan and his father’s view of him as special conveys that, while Western reporting of the refugee crisis largely ignores individual identities, each of these people has an individual identity and is viewed as “previous cargo” by someone. The book suggests the importance of recognizing the individual identities of people affected by the crisis.

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