64 pages • 2 hours read
Brandon SandersonA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Summary
Background
Chapter Summaries & Analyses
Character Analysis
Themes
Symbols & Motifs
Important Quotes
Essay Topics
Tools
Content Warning: This section of the guide includes descriptions of wartime violence and death.
The story begins with Spensa (nicknamed Spin) and her father, Zeen, years before the main events of the novel. At this point, she is only nine, and her father has finally agreed to show her the surface of their planet. They live on a planet called Detritus, where a fleet of ships manned by humans crash-landed during Spensa’s grandmother’s lifetime. The planet is surrounded by layers of debris that block the view of the sky. The humans were chased there to Detritus by a species of aliens called the Krell, who now regularly bomb areas that shelter large gatherings of humans. Until recently, the humans lived as small, nomadic tribes to avoid being spotted, but they recently discovered a cavern full of manufactories that allowed them to build fighter ships and a hidden base and create the Defiant Defense Force (DDF). Spensa’s father shares his dream that the human tribes will one day remember that they are all part of one tribe: humankind. He believes that humans will one day build a city on the surface and go on to explore the stars.
Spensa listens in rapt attention and tells her father about her dream of becoming a pilot so that she won’t be bullied for being small or for fighting too much. As they watch the sky, an opening in the debris belts allows them to see the stars, but it also provides an opening for the Krell to come in and attack. Her father radios in and reports the sighting to the DDF and learns that the Krell have spotted their hidden base and are now attacking. Zeen urges the rest of the fleet to protect the base rather than flee because the hidden manufactories below the base are vital to the long-term plan of defeating the Krell and building a better civilization. He sends Spensa home alone when she claims to know the way back through the tunnels, but she gets lost along the way. When she finally gets home, she discovers that instead of joining forces with the rest of the pilots in what would come to be called the Battle of Alta, her father turned away from his fleet and uncharacteristically fled the Krell; the DDF shot him down in retribution for his cowardice, and Spensa was branded the daughter of a coward.
It is now nine and a half years after Zeen’s ignominious death. Spensa hunts rats in the caverns to find extra food for her family, as her mother was forbidden from holding a normal job after Zeen’s supposed betrayal. Now, Spensa finds rats for food and contributes with a variety of odd jobs. She and her family live in Igneous, the largest of the cities comprising the Defiant League of humans on Detritus. After the battle in which Zeen was killed, his dream came true as humans united to form one people rather than separate clans. The war with the Krell continues, but the base over the discovered manufactories has grown, as have the cities where the various clans have settled.
Spensa returns home to give the rats to her grandmother, whom she calls Gran-Gran. As they skin the rats and cut up the meat to sell, Gran-Gran tells stories of Earth. Spensa requests the story of Beowulf, and Gran-Gran asserts that Beowulf, Genghis Khan, and all of humankind are their ancestors. Spensa skips classes to listen to Gran-Gran’s stories, justifying it by claiming that the classes only teach about the various jobs available in the city. To Spensa, such lessons are useless because she plans to become a pilot. The test to get into pilot school is scheduled for the next day, but Spensa is confident that she will pass. Her mother, however, insists that Spensa get to school.
Spensa arrives halfway through a lecture from a sanitation worker who is describing his department to help the students learn about potential career options. A classmate named Dia derisively claims that sanitation work would be fitting for Spensa, the daughter of a traitor.
After the lecture, Spensa meets her friend, Rodge, with whom she has been studying for the pilot test. He is nervous, but Spensa is confident that they will both pass the test. Their teacher, Mrs. Vmeer, approaches with the sanitation worker, who offers Spensa a guaranteed job since the department always needs adventurous types to venture into the caverns. Spensa refuses but wonders why her teacher brought the man over, since she knows that Spensa intends to become a pilot. Dia informs Spensa that Admiral Ironsides will not allow Spensa to pass and states that the tests are rigged, despite the propaganda claiming that anyone in their society can pass the test. Dia overheard her parents (one of whom is Mrs. Vmeer) talking about how the admiral will never allow the daughter of a traitor to pass the test, even if she has passing scores.
Spensa confronts Mrs. Vmeer, who admits that Spensa will never be allowed to pass the test. She encourages Spensa to avoid the test entirely and offers to help her find another career. Spensa storms away under the laughing eyes of her classmates.
Distressed over this news, Spensa flees to the caverns and ruminates until noon on the next day. She knows that she should return before the time of the pilot’s exam so that her mother and grandmother will not worry about her, but instead, she continues climbing toward the surface of the planet. She hears a debris fall happening on the surface; pieces of debris from the atmosphere are crashing into the planet, and although she recognizes the dangers of surfacing, she continues to climb. On the surface, she observes the base, which is no longer hidden, and the fields and trees surrounding it. She turns toward a nearby cavern, finds it blocked, and then realizes that pieces of debris are falling straight toward her. She flings herself away and falls into more caverns, using her father’s lightline device to prevent herself from falling all the way down. She suddenly stumbles across an unfamiliar cavern that contains a ship.
Spensa investigates the ship; it is an unfamiliar model, and this shocks her because she believed that she knew about every model in existence. English text is printed near the door’s locking mechanism, so she knows that it is a human ship. There is no sign of a pilot having died in or around the ship, and the ship itself is remarkably well preserved. Sitting in the cockpit, she feels the drive to become a pilot and wonders if the admiral’s denial of her right to be a pilot was a test in and of itself—perhaps a test of her bravery or loyalty. Even if the authorities are still determined to prevent her from becoming a pilot, she decides that she has to try. She still has four hours until the test, so she starts back the way she came.
Spensa arrives at the testing room just as the clock marks the start time. Admiral Judy “Ironsides” Evans speaks to the 100 students testing to train as pilots, and someone points Spensa out to her. An aide deliberately pulls a test from the bottom of the stack and gives it to Spensa, who finds a test created specifically to make her fail. The test covers non-pilot topics like sanitation and other lessons that she was forced to miss while scavenging in the caverns to support her family.
She forces herself through the test and confronts the admiral afterward. Children of the First Citizens—those who fought at the Battle of Alta—can hand in empty tests along with their parents’ pins and earn a place simply by virtue of their parentage. Spensa tries to do the same even though she knows that her father’s betrayal ensured he would never be considered a First Citizen. The admiral angrily tells Spensa that she will never let her into flight school because of the public relations nightmare that would ensue if Spensa ever betrays humanity like her father once did. The admiral takes Spensa’s father’s pin and refuses to return it. Rodge restrains Spensa when she moves to attack the admiral. When they’re alone, Spensa tells Rodge to go to the celebratory party without her.
Spensa sits in the testing room for so long that one of the aides comes by to turn off the lights. Spensa ignores the aide and remains. Finally, she looks through the tests that the admiral had left in the room—the empty tests for the students whose parents’ status as First Citizens gave them automatic admission. She starts to answer every single question on every test. She hears janitors entering the building, and when a man enters the room, she assumes he is one of them. He asks her why she wants to be a pilot. She realizes he is a pilot himself, so she admits that she wants to see the stars. He leaves a flight pin on the desk for her and tells her to come to a specific building in two days. She finally recognizes the man as “Mongrel,” which is the callsign for Captain Cobb, her father’s old wingmate. She points out that the admiral will never let her into a cockpit, but he assures her that the admiral cannot control whom Cobb allows into his class.
Due to the complexity of Sanderson’s worldbuilding strategies, Part 1 is primarily dedicated to providing exposition about Spensa’s personality and goals and setting her ambitions against the backdrop of her culture’s known history and her father’s actions during the Battle of Alta. Because Spensa’s desire to become a pilot conflicts with the admiral’s determination to restrict her from joining the Defiant Defense Force, Spensa must focus on Escaping the Shadow of Legacy and prove that her worth does not depend upon the actions of her father. Thus, Sanderson draws upon the archetype of the hero’s journey by establishing Spensa’s long-term goals, and he also foreshadows the many practical and social difficulties that Spensa will face on her arduous path to success. Additionally, the looming threat of the Krell suggests that Spensa’s endeavors to become a pilot will eventually be proven vital to the survival of her people. However, before the greater antagonist of the Krell can be faced, Spensa must first overcome the more immediate challenges by overcoming the opposition of Admiral Ironsides. Spensa’s father and his shame-filled legacy also represent the primary mystery of the novel, for although everyone believes that Zeen’s actions in the Battle of Alta mark him as a coward, Spensa stubbornly refuses to believe the official story, and this reticence foreshadows her eventual discovery of what really happened to her father.
Initially, Spensa exhibits heroic bravado, confrontational habits, and reckless behavior because she deeply believes in being brave and defiant under her culture’s values. Much of her bravado, inspired by the stories of ancient heroes on Earth, stems from her need to prove that she is not a coward. As her inner thoughts prove, she struggles with escaping the tarnish of her father’s reputation for cowardice, and this issue fills her with constant anxiety and self-doubt. For example, she instinctively withdraws into herself when her teacher, Mrs. Vmeer, informs her that the DDF will never allow her to pass the flight school test, and although she has the inner strength to question the truth of her father’s betrayal during the Battle of Alta, she also sometimes succumbs to fears of failure and struggles with Discerning the Difference Between Cowardice and Heroism. She muses to herself about Mrs. Vmeer’s words:
What if that is the test? What if…what if they wanted to see what I’d do? Scud, what if Mrs. Vmeer had been lying? What if I’d run away for nothing—or worse, what if I’d just proven that I was a coward, like everyone claimed my father had been? (38).
Her inner monologue reveals her deep insecurities about her father’s actions even as her defiance suggests that she would be a great asset to the DDF. Notably, her defiance is rewarded despite the admiral’s authoritarian pushback against her ambitions, for although Admiral Ironsides continues to insist on blocking her from flight school, Spensa gains a staunch ally in Cobb, who sees her for who she is rather than who her father once was.
Spensa’s inner journey forces her to confront her fears about cowardice and heroism head-on, and as her hero’s journey unfolds, she must also overcome the social issues involved with Escaping the Shadow of Legacy. Notably, Spensa begins her story in Skyward with absolute confidence that her father was never a coward, and she has developed a range of strategies for dealing with her society’s condemnation of her father. The onerous weight of the past therefore places immense pressure on her to prove herself worthy and brave.
Part 1 uses a range of symbolism to foreshadow the underlying conflict of Spensa’s world, and even in these early chapters, oblique references are made to the so-called “defect” inherent in some members of society. For example, Gran-Gran instructs Spensa to meditate by focusing on the stars, and as Spensa does so, she feels as if she might almost hear the stars. This brief but powerful impression will later be revealed as an early manifestation of the gift or “defect” that the admiral believes to exist in Spensa. While Part 1 does not yet reveal this conflict in any obvious way, this issue will eventually become a vital element of the novel as Spensa grows to understand her abilities and decides how to put them to use.
By Brandon Sanderson