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77 pages 2 hours read

James McBride

Song Yet Sung

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2008

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Chapters 1-3Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 1 Summary: “the code”

Liz Spocott, a runaway slave, dreams of the future. She sees confusing scenes of black people riding in horseless carriages, children smoking strange cigars and carrying pistols, women in lighted boxes, men playing odd games in garish costumes, “every bit of pride, decency, and morality squeezed out of them” (1).

Liz is being held captive in an attic and has been severely wounded. During her escape, through the marshland and swamps of Dorchester County on the eastern shore of Maryland, a slave catcher shot her in the head. She managed to evade the slave catchers. However, Little George, a teenage slave working for Patty Cannon, captured Liz instead. Liz has spent three weeks chained in Patty’s attic healing from her wound and dreaming strange dreams of the future.

When she wakes, Liz feels improved enough to take in her surroundings, finding a dozen people chained alongside her. Liz is shackled to an old woman who sings a soothing song. The old woman tells Liz that they are in Joe’s Tavern, held by Patty Cannon, a “trader of souls” (7).

The old woman asks Liz if she knows “the code,” but Liz does not understand what she means. Liz has been dreaming, but she is reluctant to share the details of her dreams. The old woman draws a line in the dirt between them, but again, Liz does not understand. The old woman explains that this sign is how slaves know they can trust other slaves.

The old woman offers to teach Liz the code if Liz reveals her dreams. Liz does not think she needs to know the code, but the old woman insists she needs to learn it to survive. Little George has nursed Liz to keep her alive, because he rapes all the women held in the attic and since Liz is pretty and young, she is an especially desirable target. The old woman again insists that Liz share what she dreamed; if she does, the old woman will explain how to escape.

Liz carefully chooses her words as she describes her dreams. After she finishes, the old woman says to the others in the room, “I knowed it was true…She’s two-headed. She can tell tomorrow” (9).

The old woman announces to the room that Liz is going to free them, so everyone, especially a giant man named Linus, should be ready. Over the next few days, the old woman continues to disclose parts of the code to Liz, who still does not understand any of its cryptic fragments, which are:

You got to speak low. And don’t mind the song, mind the singer of it. Especially the singer of the second part. Don’t nobody know that part yet.
If you see wickedness and snares, you got to be a watchman to the good. You got to own to your part of wrongness.
Chance is an instrument of God.
The coach wrench turns the wagon wheel.
Scratch a line in the dirt to make a friend. Always a crooked line, ’cause evil travels in straight lines. Use double wedding rings when you marry. Tie the wedding knot five times. […] And find the blacksmith if you’re gonna marry.
North, south, east, west, and free. That’s the fifth point…Gotta go through the first four—to get to the five. Five knots. Five directions. If a knot’s missing, check the collar. It’ll tell you the direction the soul is missing from. (8-11)

Little George comes up to the attic and everyone falls silent. Liz turns her face to the wall and sees an exposed pike between slats in the floor. She falls asleep and dreams of a fairytale told to her as a child. When she wakes up, she realizes that she has chewed the wood around the pike, which she grabs with her front teeth and hides in her mouth.

Little George bends down to wash Liz’s face, then runs his hands over her body. Liz pulls her chains around his neck and drives the pike into his throat. All the prisoners pummel Little George to death. Using his keys, they free themselves.

The prisoners depart, leaving Liz dazed on the floor. She forces herself up and emerges outside the tavern where she sees Linus carrying the old woman who is in great pain. Linus puts the woman down and runs after the other escapees. Liz says goodbye to the old woman who says she has no name. 

Chapter 2 Summary: “patty cannon”

News spreads that a magical woman, known as the Dreamer, has freed fourteen slaves from Patty Cannon’s attic. Patty, along with her remaining slave Eb Willard, her hired crew (Odgin Harris, Hodge Wenner, Stanton Davis), and her son-in-law Joe Johnson, is determined to find the escaped prisoners, especially the Dreamer who has embarrassed her and killed her slave Little George. Patty is well-known for ruthlessly capturing slaves and is tolerated by the authorities because she keeps other slave stealers out of the nearby counties.

When Patty asks Eb for his opinion, Eb thinks that the escapees, especially Big Linus, will be easy to locate since they will not venture too far west for fear of going into the territory of the Woolman, a legendary wild escaped slave.

Patty regrets allowing Little George to convince her to let Liz live. Now she wants to exact revenge on Liz for having robbed her of so much valuable property. Liz belonged to Captain Spocott, a wealthy mill owner in the Neck district who has Sheriff Travis House “in his pocket” (27). Joe advises Patty to let the Dreamer go so as not to antagonize Captain Spocott, but Patty is determined to pursue her.

Chapter 3 Summary: “the gimp”

Denwood Long, known as the Gimp because he walks with a limp, is a famous retired slave catcher who is now a waterman on the eastern shore catching oysters for a living. After Denwood’s young son died and his wife subsequently left him, Denwood went on a binge of drinking and violence all around the country, before settling back on the eastern shore, where he hoped to find peace.

Two days after Liz frees Patty Cannon’s prisoners, Tolley, a representative of Captain Spocott, visits Denwood to ask him to come out of retirement. Captain Spocott offers a very large sum of money for Liz’s return, and Tolley tells the reluctant Denwood, “I figured what all you been through, it would be a good change for you” (33). Angrily, Denwood realizes that Tolley knows that the local islanders hold the superstitious belief that Denwood caused his son’s death. Tolley can see firsthand why people avoid Denwood, who is well-known for his explosive temper and inner demons.

Denwood feels his rage recede and asks Tolley about the escaped slave, saying he brought in the most notoriously difficult escapees in his day. Tolley replies that this girl is special: “A conjurer. She throws bad luck round like it’s lunch” (36). Tolley suggests that Liz brought about the threatening storm clouds overhead. Stories about Liz paint her as a witch who rose from the dead after being shot and who can disappear from sight, change shape at will, and control other slaves with her mind, making them kill whites at her bidding. Denwood is skeptical of these claims.

Tolley hands Denwood a flyer with information on Liz, saying that he does not believe that anyone can catch her. He then rides away as fast as he can.

Chapters 1-3 Analysis

These first chapters establish the main characters of the story and the overarching theme of the book: the quest for and definition of freedom. Song Yet Sung takes place in Dorchester County, Maryland, the birthplace of Harriet Tubman, whose life story and accomplishments influence this novel. Like Tubman, escaped slave Liz Spocott was hit on the head as a young child, which resulted in her developing narcolepsy.

One motif the novel explores in these chapters is that of ciphers and codes. For Liz, the mysterious ability to dream of the future of black people in America comes with disturbing, incomprehensible images—fantastical visions that make no sense to Liz, a 19th century slave. From our modern perspective, it is obvious that Liz is seeing visions of African-Americans in the 20th century: rap or hip-hop singers, youth smoking cigarettes or marijuana joints, women on television, professional athletes playing football. Although she is not able to interpret what she sees, she does notice an important detail. What strikes her most is not seeing African-Americans in positions of power and wealth, but that they do not seem happy. Seeing so many free black people should be a pleasant dream, but instead the people in the images appear vacant and joyless.

Liz’s cryptic dreams have another would-be interpreter: the old Woman with No Name. She determines that the visions mark Liz as the Dreamer—the prophetic leader who will bring slaves out of bondage.

In turn, the Woman with No Name teaches Liz another initially incomprehensible puzzle: “the code,” a secret, elaborate method of communication for slaves, particularly those who have escaped and are moving along the Underground Railroad. Liz does not understand the portions of the code that the old woman tells her; they are all confusing fragments with no context. However, during the course of the novel, these elements will be clarified and will provide Liz with instructions on how to continue her journey.

These initial chapters also evoke the specific nature of the story’s setting, which is rife with mystery, rumor, and folk beliefs: “Maryland’s eastern shore was shrouded in myth and superstition” (22). We see this play out in a variety of ways. When Liz attacks Little George and helps Patty Cannon’s captives escape, her role as liberator of her people spreads through story and rumor: “So the story went, over those next ten days, from cabin to cabin, plantation to plantation, farm to farm, driver to driver, horseman to horseman: Patty Cannon […] got outdone by a colored woman” (19-20). At the same time, there are rumors about the legendary figure of the Woolman, a terrifying swamp resident who used to be a slave. Finally, the watermen, who eke out a living by catching oysters in the winter and by subsistence farming in the summer, believe that former slave catcher Denwood Long tempted fate by taking the dare of a preacher and placing his young son in a basket with a six-legged dog. When the boy died six days later, it was seen as a sign that Denwood was cursed: “On an isolated island of superstitious watermen, the fate of Denwood’s son had roared through Hooper’s Island like a tornado” (34).

These chapters also begin to flesh out the hierarchies of eastern shore residents. Islanders, like Denwood Long and his neighboring watermen, feel antipathy toward the mainlanders of Dorchester County. The watermen are contemptuous of the more prosperous, slave-owning farmers on the shore, who, in turn, see the watermen as superstitious and of low standing.

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