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45 pages 1 hour read

Keri Hulme

The Bone People

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1984

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Part 4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 4: “Feldapart Sinews, Breaken Bones”

Chapter 10 Summary: “The Kaumatua and the Broken Man”

After serving his sentence, Joe undertakes a journey north, seeking to reach a deserted beach. He ends up on a bluff above the ocean and is unable to find a way down because of the manuka and other plants that grow around. Eventually, feeling cold and depressed, he starts drinking and decides to jump. He survives the fall but breaks his arm, which soon becomes infected and bloated. Joe is becoming truly ill, but a kaumatua, or wise old man, who lives as a hermit nearby finds him and takes him back to his hut. The old man nurses Joe back to health, using plant medicines and herb concoctions. While Joe is recovering, he and the old man discuss Joe’s nightmares, in which Hana often appears and turns into a moth or begins devouring her husband’s body, starting at the privates.

After Joe recovers, the kaumatua tells him about his life and the reason he has lived alone in the wild his entire life. It turns out that the old man’s grandmother was the guardian of a very special Maori relic and foretold that her grandson would meet Joe, who is destined to become the next guardian. When the old woman dies, she orders her grandson to eat some of her flesh and live at the isolated cabin for as long as necessary. The old man does as requested, except that he cannot bring himself to devour human flesh, and as a result he believes his grandmother’s spirit is haunting him.

Joe is incredulous at first, but once the two men visit a secret cave with an underground lake or a type of cenote inside, he changes his mind. The younger man can distinguish dark shapes under the water, and when he gets his hand wet, he feels a strange energy coursing through him. The kaumatua tells him that the shapes under the water are the remains of one of the original great canoes that brought the Maori to New Zealand. The boat contains a sacred stone holding a piece of the spirit of the land.

Now that Joe has finally arrived as predicted and agreed to become the stone’s guardian, the old man dies. Right before his last breath, he gives Joe his will, bequeathing to him all of the land surrounding the hut and the cave.

Joe goes to the nearby town and arranges a proper burial for the old man. Among his things, there is a photograph of a young man, a drug addict, who lived with the kaumatua for a while before dying from an overdose. Joe thinks there is a resemblance to Simon and makes inquires at the police station to try and find out more about this person. The local constable tells him the dead man was Irish and came to the South Island after his wife and child were killed in a car accident.

Joe resigns himself to living in the old man’s hut. He reaches out to various elders across New Zealand, attempting to find more information about the canoe and the stone. One day, there is an earthquake that damages the hut and causes a cave-in at the underground lake. At first, Joe panics, thinking the canoe and stone have also been destroyed, but eventually he calms down and finds a small green-black disk with a hole in the middle on a rock outside the cave. The man takes the stone and decides to head back to his home.

Chapter 11 Summary: “The Boy by His Own”

This chapter looks at Simon’s experiences in the hospital and in foster care. Despite the beating and the terrible words he heard from the artist, he still loves Joe and Kerewin and waits for them to take him home. He is unable to communicate, despite having hearing aids, and is relieved when Piri comes to visit him. The man tells him Joe is in jail and Kerewin has disappeared. Simon does not fully understand what has happened and what it means for him. In a misguided attempt to protect him, a nurse makes things worse by telling him he is going into foster care. The boy does not believe her and refuses to communicate with the hospital staff.

Simon is placed into foster care. He is deeply unhappy and becomes emotionally disconnected from his surroundings. He feels abandoned by the adults in his life and keeps running away, believing that Joe must be at their house.

After several months, despite still being physically weak, Simon finally manages to run away for long enough to reach their house. To his shock, someone else lives there now. He makes his way to the tower, believing that Joe must have gone to live with Kerewin, and feeling deeply hurt by what he thinks is their abandonment. To his despair, he sees that the place has been burnt down. He is apprehended while kneeling on the ground in front of the ruins.

Chapter 12 Summary: “The Woman at the Wellspring of Death”

Kerewin travels aimlessly around the South Island until the stomach growth becomes so painful that she is unable to sleep. She visits a doctor, asking for a prescription for a sleeping aid and pointedly refusing his insistence on conducting tests.

Kerewin consults a specialist, a woman, whose best guess is that the artist has a tumor. However, without tests, it is impossible to diagnose Kerewin’s illness with any accuracy. The artist inquires whether the growth could be caused by stress and unhappiness, but the specialist has no definitive answer. Kerewin explains she does not want to undergo treatment at a hospital. In her view, the entire system is dysfunctional as different departments and specialists do not communicate amongst themselves, so there is no holistic cancer treatment. The treatment that does exist seems to her worse than the disease.

The next time Kerewin talks to the doctor, he entreats her to stay and be taken care of either at the hospital or by his wife, who is a nurse. The artist refuses, preferring to be on her own. She has obtained a jar with mushroom extract, which is a potent hallucinogen and an untested painkiller, and plans on self-medicating. Kerewin leaves most of her belongings at a storage facility, taking only the bare necessities to survive, as well as her most treasure possessions, such as Simon’s rosary and her guitar. She decides to go roaming while still physically able to.

Kerewin is now traveling and sleeping in the wild. She wakes up after a night of drinking, feeling depressed at the sight of her thinning and sagging body. Her hands have become infected and are leaking pus. Eventually, Kerewin goes to her family’s cabin in the mountains. The day she arrives, the pain increases, and she faints for the first time in her life. The artist establishes a routine, taking walks every day, attempting to draw and write, and cooking dinner in the evening. However, her condition worsens, and her skin is becoming hard and mask-like, seeping pus from the cracks.

At a later time, Kerewin is feeling relatively well physically but begins to despair, realizing how close to death she is. In the third week of her stay, Kerewin loses her strength and is barely able to crawl outside to take care of her bodily needs. She is unable to eat or maintain the fire. She also has terrible nightmares of Simon and Joe dying and of her family slowly killing her. Kerewin’s mind begins to wander, and she talks to herself and the sky. She feels as if her bones have disappeared. Eventually, she thinks she encounters a small, wiry person, but she is unable to communicate and passes out.

While sick, Kerewin either has a true visitation or a vision of one, in which a “thin wiry person of indeterminate age./ Of indeterminate sex. Of indeterminate race” comes to help her out (424). The person gives her a special drink, after which the artist regains her faculties. She thanks her visitor, who demurs and claims Kerewin would have healed on her own. After the wise person is gone, vanishing “into the misty outside,” the artist realizes that “the thing that had blocked her gut and sucked her vitality is gone” (425). Joyful, Kerewin falls asleep.

After her healing sleep, Kerewin looks at herself in a mirror and is repulsed by the sight. The dead skin is peeling away. She has lost weight, so her body is flabby and slack. She is also beginning to smell and undertakes the long process of washing, scrubbing, and cleaning both her body and her clothes. After her bath, she sleeps again and wakes up rejuvenated and feeling happy and hungry.

While meditating outside at dawn, the artist realizes she has been given a second chance and decides to make amends with Joe and Simon as well as with her family. She contemplates a strange dream in which she is welcomed by “strangely clad people, with golden eyes, brown skin” (428). They touch her gently, and she begins dissolving, her bones sinking into the ground. All movement ceases, and “the land is clothed in beauty and the people sing” (428).

Kerewin leaves the mountain hut and goes back to the beach house at Moerangi. While taking a walk one day and visiting an old marae, or sacred site, she experiences a moment of communion with nature.

Kerewin decides to recommence writing in her diary. She reflects on the past year, with its trials and tribulations and the changes she has undergone. Kerewin is painting again, feeling happier, and getting progressively healthier. She decides to rebuild the Maori Hall at the old marae. The people in the nearby town are at first curious but indifferent. However, they gradually begin helping out, and eventually the hall is finished and has “a heart of people once more” (432).

While working on rebuilding the communal hall, Kerewin finds a stray blind kitten and adopts her, naming her Li. She also meets a professional diver who is happy to attempt to salvage the yacht that Simon was on. While the man begins diving, she reaches out to Piri, asking him to help her rebuild her home. This time, however, the building will spiral out from the center, allowing for privacy, but also serving as a communal home or a temple, as needed.

After several days, the police phone and inform Kerewin that the diver has found a number of objects that clarify Simon’s past, among them large quantities of heroin. The adults on the boat were drug traffickers, which explains the boy’s fear of needles. After writing out the events of the past year, Kerewin burns her diary as both an offering and a symbol of the past and prepares to leave Moerangi for home.

Part 4 Analysis

The entire last part of the novel serves as a denouement, but also as a quest story and a bildungsroman. Through their travels and experiences on the road, each protagonist reaches a deeper self-understanding. Joe and Kerewin, additionally, acquires the knowledge and ability to change their behavior and become better people.

Joe’s acquisition of the sacred stone suggests that he becomes a stand-in for or an embodiment of Maori society. He is flawed but fundamentally a kind and empathetic person who wants to help others. Taking on the guardian duty is a symbolic act of self-acceptance. Through his meeting with the kaumatua, he is also able to let go of his grief for Hana and work through his conflicted feelings for Simon and Kerewin. Joe’s quest is successful, and at the novel’s end he is redeemed.

Kerewin’s travels, in contrast, are a way for her to escape unhappiness. Since the problem, symbolically and physically, grows inside her, attempting to ignore it is unsuccessful. As in Joe’s case, what ultimately cures the artist, as suggested by the character of the wiry, small person of indeterminate age, sex, and race, is reconnecting with the natural world and Maori culture.

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