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57 pages 1 hour read

Isabel Allende

The Japanese Lover

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 2015

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Chapters 25-31Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 25 Summary: “Autumn”

Alma misses an appointment with Lenny. With Neko gone, Alma struggles to sleep and finds herself feeling lonely. Irina tries to become more physically involved in Alma’s care, but Alma does not want to accept that she is starting to deteriorate. Lenny tells Alma that she cannot die before him, and Alma laments that Lenny is going to die at all. Lenny notes that he regrets going sober, giving up meat, and exercising, since he is running out of time, now. Alma only misses Nathaniel, noting that she sees her family as often as she would like. The gardenias from Ichi stop arriving, but Alma does not acknowledge the change. Alma gets confused at times, losing direction or misplacing objects, and she is afraid to move to the second level of Lark House, where she would need constant care. She resolves to shut down her art studio, arranging with Seth to get Kirsten a job as Cathy’s assistant with the Belasco family paying her wages.

Chapter 26 Summary: “Gardenias”

Seth brings Alma three gardenias as a memorial for Neko, and he tells Alma that he knows the gardenias and letters she usually receives are from Ichimei. Alma is shocked that Seth knows about Ichi. She accuses him of spying on her, telling him to call Irina. Irina is in a meeting with Hans Voight, Lupita Farias, Cathy, and some other aides, in which they are discussing medical aid in dying. Hans explicitly forbids any suggestion of elective death, but he knows that Cathy believes in medical aid in dying for some patients in immense pain or with no hope of recovery. Irina excuses herself when Seth texts her, and she meets Alma and Seth in Alma’s apartment. Though the Belasco family knows that Irina is now staying at Seth’s apartment several nights each week, only Pauline and Alma accept the relationship. Alma goes over her life, beginning in Poland, telling Seth and Irina her entire life story, including Ichimei. Seth asks if he is Ichimei’s grandson, then, rather than Nathaniel’s, but Alma says Seth is Nathaniel’s grandson.

Chapter 27 Summary: “The Child Never Born”

During Alma’s pregnancy, she relies on the Belascos. Isaac and Lillian dote on her, looking forward to a grandchild who will keep the Belasco name. On a trip to Tahoe, Alma suffers from eclampsia, forcing the family to return to San Francisco. The doctors do not think both Alma and the child can survive, and the baby is stillborn. Only Nathaniel sees the baby, and he reflects on the limitations placed on his life. After the stillbirth, Alma and Nathaniel continue to live separate lives, sleeping in separate rooms and rarely interacting, though Alma takes comfort in the time she does spend with Nathaniel. Alma reminds Nathaniel that he is not obligated to maintain fidelity in the marriage. To cure the depression resulting from the stillbirth, Nathaniel takes Alma on a trip across Europe lasting two months. While in Europe, Alma kisses Nathaniel, and the two get drunk and have sex. Though the sex is not as exhilarating as it was with Ichimei, Nathaniel and Alma regularly have sex while intoxicated in Europe. When they return home, they continue to live separately, but they still occasionally have sex when they drink alcohol. Eventually, Alma gets pregnant again, and Isaac and Lillian are thrilled. Isaac asks that they name the child Lawrence Franklin Belasco, and Larry is born without complications in the spring. After Larry’s birth, Nathaniel becomes a celebrated lawyer, while Alma travels to look for inspiration for her art. Larry is mainly raised by Isaac and Lillian.

Chapter 28 Summary: “The Patriarch”

Larry’s birth revives Isaac from his illness, giving him the strength to walk and play with the child. When Larry is four years old, in 1962, Isaac dies suddenly, which causes Lillian to go blind. Years later, Larry recovers memories of his grandparents in marriage counseling. After Isaac’s death, Lillian remains the head of the house, keeping the operations of daily life running smoothly. At Isaac’s funeral, Alma sees Ichimei with three women, and she follows them when they leave the funeral. Ichi introduces Megumi, who is now married to Boyd Anderson, and their son, Charles. The other two women are Heideko and Delphine, Ichi’s wife, who is another nisei from Topaz. Alma examines Delphine, and Delphine does the same, seeming to imply a mutual knowledge of one another. In the weeks following the funeral, Alma calls the Fukuda nursery, but she hangs up when Delphine answers the phone each time. Alma also drives past the nursery but does not stop. After Delphine guesses that Alma is the person calling and hanging up, Ichi sends Alma a letter explaining his marriage, Megumi’s life, and his mother’s adventures, but he does not leave an opening for further contact.

For seven years after the funeral, Alma lives life normally. She goes on frequent trips during which she occasionally has sex with other men. She assumes that Nathaniel does the same. Nathaniel and Alma take Larry on extravagant vacations as he grows up, and Larry remembers them fondly as an adult. Alma worries that her sexuality has faded, but when she eventually reunites with Ichi, her passion is reignited.

The chapter ends with a letter from Ichi to Alma dated September 12, 1978. Ichi praises Alma’s paintings, saying that he wants to spend the autumn of his life gracefully.

Chapter 29 Summary: “Samuel Mendel”

In 1967, Alma meets Samuel in Paris after visiting Kyoto to learn about sumi-e painting. Alma and Samuel visit the gravesite made for Samuel when his plane crashed in WWII, and the caretaker is shocked to find that Samuel is the same man named on the plaque marking his grave. The caretaker says that her grandfather was part of the resistance during the war, and Samuel and Alma come to her home to visit with her grandfather, Clotaire Martineaux. Samuel tells Martineaux how he joined the Jewish Resistance in France, and Martineaux reflects on the struggles of the end of the war, as the remaining members of his regiment fought off starvation and cold. Samuel was captured near the end of the war, and he spent four months in two extermination camps: first Monowitz, then Auschwitz-Birkenau. When the war ended, Samuel reflects that the Russians who liberated the camp did not help the survivors, and the developing state of Israel was reluctant to accept extermination camp survivors. Samuel’s flying experience earned him a place in Israel’s military, and he became one of the first agents of Mossad, Israel’s intelligence agency. Though Samuel visited the site of the extermination camp later, the trip only cemented his nightmares about that time in his life. However, he emphasizes to Alma that the German people are not bad, and any community can be overrun by fanaticism and propaganda.

Chapter 30 Summary: “Nathaniel”

Nathaniel develops an illness slowly, struggling to focus, eat, and exercise, during which time Alma stops seeing Ichimei. Fourteen years before Nathaniel’s illness, Alma found Ichi by chance at an orchid celebration, and they began seeing each other and sending each other letters regularly afterward. Alma does not know how Ichi kept his affair a secret from Delphine, but Ichi is an elder in his community, commanding great respect. Ichi sends letters and gardenias, Alma’s favorite scent and Alma responds. During Nathaniel’s illness, Alma still sends letters to Ichi, but they do not meet, and the letters take on a depressive quality.

The chapter is punctuated by a letter from Ichi to Alma dated July 18, 1984. Ichi tries to comfort Alma regarding Nathaniel’s illness, and he laments that he and Alma are not meeting currently.

Lying in bed with Nathaniel during his illness, Alma tells him that she feels she betrayed him. Nathaniel explains to Alma that they have both kept secrets, and he tells her that he is gay. As a child, he barely understood his attraction to other men, but he began experimenting in college. At a Turkish Bath in San Francisco, one of the few places gay men could meet discreetly, Nathaniel met and fell in love with Lenny Beal. He and Lenny gave up their promiscuous lifestyles, but they kept their love a secret, even from Alma. In response, Alma calls Lenny and invites him to live at Sea Cliff to help care for Nathaniel. They discover that Nathaniel has AIDS, the result of an HIV infection, which is a terminal illness. The three become close friends until Alma and Lenny give Nathaniel a lethal dose of morphine to end his suffering. Afterward, Lenny leaves, and he and Alma do not meet again until Lark House, where Lenny jokingly asks Alma to marry him. Alma refuses, not wanting to become a widow a second time.

Chapter 31 Summary: “The Japanese Lover”

Irina, who now lives with Seth, discovers that Alma is missing from her apartment. Seth receives a call telling him that Alma was in a car accident and is now in the hospital. The family gathers at the hospital, but the doctors advise against the risky surgery that might give Alma a chance at recovery. Instead, the family tries to comfort Alma, who asks for Kirsten in a brief moment of lucidity. Kirsten caresses Alma, and, after a couple of days, Irina is the only one left watching over Alma. Alma asks Irina to put lipstick on her. That night, Irina sees Ichimei come into the hospital room. In the morning, Ichimei is gone, and Alma dies.

Over seven days of shiva, a Jewish mourning ritual, Irina waits for Ichimei to make an appearance, but he does not. Going through Alma’s possessions, Irina realizes that Alma planned out the events following her death, and there is not much for Irina to gather. Kirsten arrives and asks Irina where Alma is, and Irina tells Kirsten that Alma is dead. Kirsten gives Irina her backpack, which contains all of the letters Ichimei wrote to Alma over their lives. Irina meets with Seth and reveals the contents of the letters, but she is confused that the last letter, which was hidden behind Ichi’s portrait, is dated 2010. Seth tells Irina that Alma had been sending herself gardenias and Ichimei’s letters for the past three years. Seth visited the Fukuda nursery and discovered that Ichimei died in 2010, three years before Alma’s death. Irina insists that she saw Ichi in the hospital room, but Seth argues that it was a hallucination.

The chapter ends with a letter from Ichi to Alma dated January 8, 2010. Ichi relishes his aging, describing it as a spiritual journey. He tells Alma not to lament their age and to remember what a great love they have shared. He tells her that they are still 17.

Chapters 25-31 Analysis

The final chapters of the novel reframe the narrative through a series of revelations. The biggest revelation comes at the very end: Seth’s discovery that Ichimei died in 2010. The reveal that Ichimei has been dead the whole time Alma has been receiving his letters reframes the events in the contemporary narrative of the novel, and Irina even considers, for a moment, that Alma may have been senile during the final three years of her life. Alma has always been afraid of losing her independence, but as the novel draws to a close, it becomes inevitable: Alma ceases to run her workshop, depends increasingly on Irina for daily tasks, and crashes her car. The title of Chapter 25, “Autumn,” refers to Ichimei’s use of autumn as a representation of the final stages of life, in which a person approaches winter or death. Alma’s autumn involves “starting no longer to be able to live on her own” (248). In contrast to Alma’s fears, however, Allende presents dependence as a necessary and even positive component in life. Parallel to Alma’s projected move to the second level of Lark House, Irina moves in with Seth and gives up her dog-washing job, each of which increases her dependence on him, something she, like Alma, has avoided. Whereas Irina’s move is seen as progress toward a happier life, Alma’s progresses toward her death. Still, both Alma and Irina are strong, independent women, and Allende frames both the dependence of old age and the dependence of romantic love as potential relief from isolation. The two women learn over time that dependence can be an expression of connection and love that nurtures and supports them, rather than taking away their safety or independence.

Still, the narrative treats the revelation that Ichimei has been dead the whole time less as an indicator of Alma’s declining cognitive state than as an example of The Endurance of Love Across Time and beyond death. The visitation of Ichimei’s spirit when Alma dies, furthermore, reflects the way the novel deploys magical realism to symbolize the endurance of love. Though Seth insists that Irina must have been mistaken when she saw Ichimei, Irina insists that “Alma loved Ichimei so much that she succeeded in having him come to find her” (321), ending the novel on an ambiguous note common to the magical realism genre. In one sense, Irina may have hallucinated, projecting her idealization of Alma and Ichimei’s love into an event that felt real. However, the narrative suggests that Alma’s unwavering belief in spirits and her dedication to remaining close to Ichimei by sending herself his letters and flowers culminates in her conjuring Ichi to her side on her death bed. In Ichi’s last letter, he tells Alma: “We are still seventeen years old, my Alma” (322), emphasizing the way their love transcends physical reality. In their minds, Ichi and Alma were always together, whether in 1955 or any of their subsequent trips and meetings, making the physical reality of Ichimei’s ghost irrelevant. For Alma, Ichi was real and present in her life even after his death. For Irina, seeing Ichimei at Alma’s bedside suggests that she is at last prepared to accept Seth’s love and move forward with their relationship, no longer hampered by her traumatic past.

Finally, the revelation that Nathaniel was gay but closeted reframes his presence across the novel. Though Nathaniel is a white, native-born American, his sexuality exposes him to prejudice that at times mirrors the prejudices faced by immigrant and nonwhite characters, lending new layers to the theme of The Legacies of Racism and Cultural Injustice. Nathaniel’s sexuality is the source of his difficulty at school, where “the other boys knew instinctively that he was different” (300), exposing how sexual orientation, race, class, and religion can all lead to social discrimination even when there are no visual markers of difference from the majority. The novel explains that members of the LGBTQIA+ community such as Nathaniel “were not allowed into hotels, clubs, or churches; often, they would not be served alcohol in bars and could be thrown out of public places” (301), mirroring the treatment of people of color and women throughout American history. The stigma Nathaniel faces as a man dying of AIDS in the 1990s echoes the stigma faced by the Fukudas in 1940s, as some groups in the 1990s framed AIDS as a divine punishment of members of the LGBTQIA+ community for transgressions against “nature.” Both the “yellow peril” and the AIDS crisis stigmatized and isolated groups of Americans and caused harm that resounded for generations. Nathaniel’s romance with Lenny also contributes to the theme of The Endurance of Love Across Time. Both he and Lenny forego their promiscuous lifestyles to love one another exclusively. Lenny presides over Nathaniel’s death, as Ichimei’s spirit does over Alma’s; and Lenny continues to love Nathaniel after his death, as Alma continues to love Ichimei. Alma, Ichimei, Nathaniel, and Lenny prove that love can endure despite prejudice, discrimination, familial pressure, and even death.

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