58 pages • 1 hour read
Donna TarttA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
An omniscient, third-person narrator recounts the story in the past tense. Charlotte Cleve Dufresnes, mother to the 12-year-old protagonist, Harriet, and her 16-year-old sister, Allison, still worries that her son Robin’s untimely death 12 years ago, was her fault. Robin died at age nine on Mother’s Day during a party Charlotte threw for the whole family. She changed the traditional time of the meal and wonders if Robin wouldn’t have died had she kept it earlier. Robin was found hanging from a tree, dead in his own yard with family nearby, but nobody saw anything suspicious, and his murder remains a mystery. Although the Cleves/Dufresneses are a family of storytellers, they avoid the topic of Robin’s death because it is so upsetting. This avoidance of the subject makes things harder for Charlotte, though, because she hasn’t processed his death and feels stuck and alone in the moment of its occurrence.
Not being able to make sense of the story with others, Charlotte assumes it must be her fault because she altered the family tradition. She also believes she should have had an adult outside the whole time watching Harriet, who was a baby; however, nothing happened to Harriet, but Robin was killed. Various adults, including their grandmother, Edie; their great-aunts Libby, Tat, and Adelaide; and Ida Rhew, who does domestic work for them, were present, but not at the proper moments to prevent Robin’s death or notice any clues to explain it. The children’s father, Dix, was hunting at the time.
Robin had no friends in their wealthier neighborhood, but working-class children sometimes walked from other neighborhoods and played with Robin until Ida told them to leave, apparently because she was worried they’d start stealing or getting into other mischief. None of the neighbors saw anything suspicious the day Robin died.
The police concluded Robin was probably murdered because he couldn’t have hanged himself like he was found, but they can’t figure out who did it. They conclude it was likely a visitor from out of town who promptly fled after killing Robin, explaining why they couldn’t find them. The family does not discuss the death, but they discuss Robin so much that Harriet and Allison feel like they know a lot about him, even though they can’t remember him. Now, Allison and Charlotte both sleep a lot. Allison earns poor grades and struggles to socialize, which Edie tries to fix but Charlotte doesn’t seem to mind. Dix now lives and works in Nashville; he and Charlotte are still married, and he sends money home but only visits sparingly. This is fine by Harriet because she doesn’t enjoy his company, and he is abusive. Charlotte still employs Ida Rhew and doesn’t do housework herself or have a job. Despite Ida’s work, the house’s disarray is still the subject of town gossip because Charlotte hoards garbage and old newspapers.
In contrast to Allison, Harriet is more argumentative and defiant, although she doesn’t struggle with her grades. She often starts disagreements with her aunts, especially when she points out flaws in their biblical reasoning. Edie attends church to socialize but doesn’t believe in Christianity. The rest of the aunts do believe and are upset by some of Harriet’s arguments, such as that the Bible does not distinguish between white lies and regular lies; it just says not to lie. The aunts like Allison because she is sweet, but Edie thinks she is disappointing. However, although Harriet resembles Edie, Edie doesn’t prefer Harriet either. Although Allison isn’t popular, other kids accept her. Harriet has few friends, most of whom are boys, and her best friend is named Hely. She used to dress the boys up and reenact The Last Supper, casting Hely as Judas and herself as Jesus.
Harriet’s family is fairly well-off, but they’re resentful because their ancestors were wealthier. After the stock market crash in 1929, Judge Cleve (Edie and the great-aunts’ father) lost most of his money, and after he died, Libby had to sell their old house, called Tribulation, to pay her dad’s debts off. The family had owned the house since 1809 when it was first built, and by the time they sold it, they’d neglected repairs for over a century. However, the family pretends Tribulation was not decaying and that it was a perfect, palace-like structure. The family also blames Northerners and Black people for their loss instead of Judge Cleve. Harriet can’t remember Tribulation because the house was sold when she was still a baby. It was turned into apartments afterward, then burned down. Robin used to play there, though, and Harriet imagines how wonderful this must have been. She has a strong desire to go back to the past, not forward to the future, and spends a lot of time looking at photographs of Robin and Tribulation.
After Robin died, funds were raised at church, and an elaborate stained-glass window featuring her was placed next to stained-glass windows with religious figures. Harriet sees this row of windows every week, so to her, Robin seems just as important, magical, mysterious, and inhuman as Jesus.
One summer morning, Harriet and Allison bring their sick cat, who had been Robin’s, to their grandmother Edie. Edie is good at healing animals and was also a nurse, but the cat is simply dying of old age and is no longer interested in eating. Edie takes the cat to the veterinarian, who confirms the cat should be euthanized to reduce his suffering. This is unacceptable to Allison, who is more attached to the cat than she is to any person. Harriet is also upset. Edie tells the girls that everything dies, and there’s no way around it, then takes the cat back to be put down despite Allison’s claims that she’ll never recover.
Later, Harriet’s friend Hely comes over, and they scheme about how to get out of going to a Christian summer camp that their parents sent them to the previous year. Both children hated it, so they’ve been throwing away mail from the camp and hoping their parents forget about it. Edie returns with the dead cat, and the children dig a hole to bury him in the backyard. The neighbor, Mrs. Fountain, notices the children and goes to investigate. She wants confirmation that the cat is dead because she hates it. Hely insults Mrs. Fountain, who threatens to call their parents.
One of the novel’s most notable formal features is the omniscient, third-person narrator who recounts the story. Many contemporary novels utilize either first-person narration or close third-person narration, where the story is filtered through one character to emphasize how someone’s perspective impacts their experience. Close third-person narrators only have access to one character’s thoughts, feelings, and private actions, but an omniscient or all-knowing narrator can switch their focus between different characters, “showing” the reader the thoughts of multiple different people. Omniscient narrators are more common in the horror and thriller genres. While it may seem like an omniscient narrator would ruin the surprise of a horror, thriller, or mystery plot, omniscient narrators can enhance the suspense and terror by giving the reader just the right number of clues but not giving all these clues to every character. This creates dramatic irony and tension because the reader knows things the characters don’t and can see the problems with their decision-making, anticipating further trouble.
In The Little Friend, the omniscient narrator not only has the ability to “enter” the minds of different characters but can comment on events from a relatively objective perspective since they don’t appear to have personal stakes in the story. For example, in describing the Cleve family’s revisionist tendencies concerning the past, the narrator casts a slight tone of judgment on the family, as if they understand the impulse behind this revisionism but nevertheless think it’s dangerous. The narrator also clues the reader in to family dynamics that are not even known by the family members—for example, keeping silent about Robin’s death is not as helpful for Charlotte as everyone else thinks it is.
The novel is set up like a mystery or thriller, but at its core, the novel is Southern Gothic fiction, driven by its exploration of characters and themes rather than the murder mystery itself. As the text explains, Harriet is obsessed with the mystery of Robin's death, and all her other obsessions stem from this one. It seems as if the novel will trace Harriet solving this mystery, but instead, it’s more about how mysteries, painful truths, and misinformation all affect her life in different ways. This is why the novel spends so much time on character development but relatively little time hashing out murder suspects and motives. Due to the extent of the family’s and town’s revisionism and secrecy and the police’s failure to solve the crime, Harriet’s chances of solving the mystery seem bleak at best in these early chapters.
By Donna Tartt