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33 pages 1 hour read

Ana Castillo

The Mixquiahuala Letters

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1986

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Letters 1-6Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Letter 1 Summary

Teresa writes to Alicia, planning their reunion in LA, after which they intend to drive down to Mixquiahuala. Several characters are introduced in the letter, including Teresa’s aunt Filomena, her uncles Fermín and Chino, and her cousins Peloncito, Eddie, and Ignacio. Peloncito is a developmentally disabled young man, Ignacio has left his wife in Mexico, and Eddie lives in Germany and has had a sex change operation. Chino is hostile toward women and believes they’re incompetent. Among this group of male characters is Teresa’s aunt Filomena, who has been married to Fermín for 30 years but was previously involved with a man in Mexico who fathered her two oldest children.

Teresa reflects on turning 30 and reveals that she was once married but later left her first husband, whose name is Libra. She muses on the evolution of “meaning” in marriage into something “measured by how many items one owns with designers’ names in bold view, a Caribbean cruise for a honeymoon and a lifetime membership in a health spa/tennis club” (22). Alicia, who is presumably about the same age, has never been married, which Teresa says could cause consternation among her older relatives.

Letter 2 Summary

The letter is a poem from Teresa to Alicia for Alicia’s 30th birthday. Teresa calls their twenties a “cesspool / twirl” that “will be remembered always / untainted by today’s designer jeans / camouflaged makeup, sculptured fingernails / pampered feet and glittering teeth” (23). The poem alludes to several experiences the women have had together, including the aftermath of Teresa’s divorce and their transition from young girls in their twenties to adults entering their thirties.

Letter 3 Summary

The letter reveals more of Teresa and Alicia’s history. They met at a study abroad trip in Mexico when they were about 20. Teresa was married to Libra at the time, and Alicia was engaged in a string of sexual relationships before and during their trip. Teresa imagines her 20-year-old self through Alicia’s eyes, envisioning a young woman who is familiar with Mexican culture and fluent in Spanish (in contrast to their Anglo classmates and instructors, who are largely unfamiliar with Mexico). The two visit a village called Mixquiahuala, where they explore the area and rural Mexican society, in which women perform daily tasks like food preparation and washing laundry in a nearby river. They enroll in a copperwork class, and Alicia’s artistic talent becomes apparent when tourists begin to buy her work, to the displeasure of their pompous teacher. Teresa alludes to the conflicted mix of resentment and affection between her and Alicia at the time. Despite the element of antagonism in their relationship, the two correspond and send tokens of their artistic lives to the other: Teresa sends letters and original poetry, while Alicia becomes a professional metal artisan and sends Teresa handmade jewelry. Teresa recounts how they parted at the end of their trip—she fought with Libra when he came to retrieve her, and they flew home separately, while Alicia stayed in Mexico with her latest lover.

Letter 4 Summary

Teresa relates an incident from when she was 18: She goes to a Catholic priest for confession, and he interrogates her on her sexual activities, though she says that she is “a virgin, technically speaking” (30). Believing the priest hopes to be sexually titillated by her confession, Teresa storms out of the church before finishing the ritual. The letter also describes Teresa’s relationship with Catholicism in her early life, which was marked by negative religious experiences. She hints that she may have been conceived out of wedlock (a sin in the Catholic Church) and says that she was baptized as an infant out of fear that she would go to hell “because [I] had not been cleansed of the sin of [my] parents’ copulation” (30).

Letter 5 Summary

Teresa and Alicia are on a Puerto Rican beach at an unknown time. Alicia tells Teresa that her grandmother was a gypsy and that her parents ignored that part of her heritage, instead focusing on imparting “American ideals and the American way of life” (31). Teresa reports that the two wondered “what those ideals had been” (32).

Letter 6 Summary

Teresa and Alicia befriend the owner of a deserted hotel, who invites them to stay. There Alicia meets her lover, Adán, the hotel’s gardener. Teresa goes back to the United States, while Alicia stays in Mexico and then shortly thereafter shows up in Chicago to stay with Teresa and Libra. It turns out that Adán had a wife, and Alicia left him after discovering his marriage. During her stay in Chicago, Alicia paints while Teresa attends classes. Eventually Alicia returns home to New York.

Letters 1-6 Analysis

This group of letters provides context for the rest of the story. The study abroad trip is important because it’s how Teresa and Alicia met, and therefore takes on emotional importance, and because it introduces several of the book’s main themes.

The men in this section largely have a “disordered” attitude toward women. Teresa’s male relatives all have issues with women: Ignacio is defensive and aggressive because of his former wife’s rejection, Chino believes all women are incompetent and “possessed by the devil” (20), and Teresa expects that Fermín will sexually harass Alicia unless she threatens to tell his wife about his behavior. The two male relatives who don’t have negative or predatory attitudes toward women are anomalies: Peloncito is developmentally disabled, and Eddie has had a sex change operation and is estranged from the family. Even though these characters only appear in Letter 1, they introduce a common theme in the story: the dysfunctional and even abusive relationships between men and women. The theme is underscored when the priest Teresa goes to for confession tries to abuse the ritual for his own sexual purposes. The ritual requires a certain amount of vulnerability on the part of the confessor, and the priest abuses that trust.

Several statements reveal Teresa’s disillusionment with the American dream and what she sees as American consumerism. She laments that marriage has become a transaction meant to help spouses attain social status measured solely by consumerist ideals, like hip condos and designer home goods. She and Alicia are skeptical of the “American values” that Alicia’s parents tried to instill in their daughter rather than an honest understanding and celebration of her heritage.

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