55 pages • 1 hour read
Zakiya Dalila HarrisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
In December 1983 on a train car at New York’s Grand Central Station, an unnamed narrator, later revealed to be famous literary editor Kendra Rae Phillips, scratches anxiously at her burning scalp and peers suspiciously at her fellow passengers. Kendra Rae is a highly visible Black public figure whose name is currently “being dragged through the papers” because of controversial remarks she gave in an interview (3), and she is paranoid that someone might recognize her.
As she waits for the train to depart, Kendra Rae fixates on what caused her to flee New York so suddenly: “What I’d overheard her say to him on the phone. Imani says it’s not supposed to burn” (3). She wonders how long she can remain hidden and continues to scratch at her scalp, lost in thought, until she is startled by the conductor, who has come by to collect her fare. As she asks for a ticket to Poughkeepsie, the northernmost stop on the line, the conductor recognizes her from the newspaper. Kendra Rae denies her identity, and the conductor continues collecting fares. Kendra Rae leans wearily against the train window, her scalp still burning.
On July 23, 2018, at elite Manhattan publisher Wagner Books, editorial assistant Nella Rogers recognizes the smell of Brown Buttah hair grease wafting past her cubicle. Brown Buttah is a natural hair product used by Black women, but Nella is the only Black white-collar employee at Wagner. She realizes there must be another Black woman in the office and wonders whether “all of her campaigning for more diversity at Wagner [has] finally paid off” (10).
Sophie, a white woman and notorious “Cubicle Floater” who takes advantage of the office’s open floor plan to gossip, interrupts Nella’s thoughts. Sophie confides that a Black woman is indeed interviewing for an editorial assistant position. She remarks that Nella must be “so excited” and attempts to get on the “social awareness” train by bringing up a recently published op-ed written from the perspective of a Black employee in a mostly white workplace.
After Sophie leaves, Nella reflects on a performance review during which her boss, Vera Parini, refused Nella a promotion because she was putting too much time into “extracurricular” diversity meetings. Nella doubts Wagner will hire more Black employees but is hopeful when she sees a stunning Black woman with ombre dreadlocks, a “Harlem sense of cool” (14), and an “Erykah-meets-Issa” aesthetic stride through the office (15). As the woman begins her interview, Nella crosses her fingers and wishes her luck.
On August 6, Nella and Vera meet to discuss white author Colin Franklin’s Pins and Needles, a novel whose characters include Shartricia Daniels, a “less than one-dimensional” Black character whose voice reads “as a cross between that of a freed slave and a Tyler Perry character” (19). Horrified by this caricature of Blackness, Nella vents to her best friend, Malaika, with whom she shares “Black Female Experiences” (21), including hair care regimens and an appreciation of radical social media blacktivist Jesse Watson.
Nella feels wary about discussing Shartricia with Vera. They begin with positive feedback, but Vera ends the meeting before Nella can voice her concerns and suggests they continue their critique with Colin directly. Maisy, another senior editor, interrupts to introduce Wagner’s newest editorial assistant, Hazel-May McCall, whom Nella recognizes as the Black woman from the interview. Hazel charms Maisy and Vera by gushing about Boston, where she used to work. Nella notices that Hazel carefully tailors her descriptions of Boston, which Nella views as a “shitty, racist city” (27), to what Maisy and Vera want to hear. When they’re alone, however, Hazel asks Nella, “How do they feel about Black people in these parts? […] You can be real with me’” (39). Nella replies that “they don’t ‘see’ color” (39), implying that Wagner subscribes to diversity and inclusion in policy but does not acknowledge racial difference and bias. The two women smile knowingly at one another.
After work, Nella excitedly briefs Malaika on everything except her anxieties about Shartricia. The friends joke that even though Nella has an afro and Hazel has dreadlocks, one of the white employees at Wagner will eventually confuse them.
On August 20, Nella and Hazel bump into one another in the office kitchen. Nella again smells Hazel’s hair grease and notes that it seems more pungent than Brown Buttah.
Nella starts to leave to take an important phone call, but Hazel stops her, exclaiming that they have “twin” Zora Neale Hurston mugs (45). The women discuss their love of literature, in particular Diana Gordon’s novel Burning Heart. Nella confesses that the book, which was written and edited by Black women, inspired her college senior thesis, and its editor, Kendra Rae Phillips, is the reason she sought a job at Wagner. The two women muse briefly about what happened to Kendra Rae, who disappeared after the book’s publication. Nella realizes she has likely missed her call, so she makes a lunch date with Hazel and rushes away.
When she reaches her cubicle, Nella confirms she has missed her call. She also notices Hazel hovering near her desk, gazing at Nella vacantly. Nella feels disconcerted and assures Hazel that all is well, promising they’ll talk more at lunch.
The following day the women meet for lunch. They exchange work stories, and Hazel asks Nella about Colin Franklin. After insisting that Hazel keep their conversation private, Nella shares her concerns about Shartricia’s character in Pins and Needles and explains her reluctance to call out Colin on his racist portrayal: “You know how white people get when they think you’re calling them racists” (52).
Hazel empathizes and passionately echoes Nella’s thoughts about Shartricia’s character and white fragility, startling diners at another table. Hazel shares that her grandparents were civil rights activists and that her grandfather died in a protest in 1961. Hazel’s conviction causes Nella to wonder if she should voice her concerns, but she worries doing so will jeopardize her future at Wagner. Hazel then suggests that perhaps Vera is “one of the good ones” and might be more empathetic to Black experiences than Nella thinks (56). Nella is confused by Hazel’s pivot “from her inner Bakara to her inner Barack—from confrontational to compassionate” (56), but she thinks Hazel might have a point. By the time they finish lunch and return to the office, Nella is convinced she should speak up during the author meeting.
On the morning of August 28, Nella prepares for the author meeting by meticulously crafting an iced coffee for Colin, who is notoriously fussy. As she enters the meeting, Vera and Colin fawn over a video of Vera’s dog dragging a paintbrush across a carpet. Nella registers Colin’s eccentric outfit and steels herself for their meeting.
Vera praises the book effusively, making Nella feel anxious about offering a critique. She begins again with positive feedback before, at Colin’s prompting, shifting into a discussion about Shartricia. Vera interjects to praise Colin, emphasizing the importance of including diverse experiences in the novel. Nella’s anxiety deepens as she explains that Shartricia feels “a bit off” (66) and she anticipates “a lot of Black readers will find her unsatisfying” (66, 67). Colin and Vera ask for more details, at which point Nella lists a series of exaggerated Black names and stereotypes that she found offensive. She finishes by asking Colin whether he couldn’t have been “a little more creative with [his] one Black protagonist” (67).
This comment shocks Vera and Colin. Colin believes Nella is calling him a racist, demonstrating the white fragility that Nella described to Hazel during their lunch. After ranting about Nella aloud, Colin storms out of the office. Nella attempts to explain herself to Vera, who hisses at her not to speak.
The Prologue and opening chapters introduce the setting, the central mystery, and four out of six main characters of the novel: Kendra Rae Phillips, Diana Gordon, Nella Rogers, and Hazel-May McCall. Harris invites her audience to view the competitive 1983 Manhattan publishing scene from the perspective of an unnamed first-person narrator, whom we later recognize as Kendra Rae Phillips, a Black female editor at Wagner Books. As a Black woman working in a predominantly white industry, Kendra Rae is expected to adhere to a particular set of cultural codes. Through context, we learn that Kendra Rae somehow failed to conform and has been publicly denounced by the media as a result. Moreover, based on what she’s overheard, Kendra Rae knows she is being pursued by her former best friend Diana Gordon, their childhood friend Imani, and at least one other person who was on the call. She knows they have conspired against her using something that is currently burning her scalp. With her career in ruins and believing her life to be in danger, Kendra Rae flees to upstate New York.
Through a third-person limited perspective, the following five chapters foreshadow a similar fate for protagonist Nella Rogers, an editorial assistant who works at Wagner in 2018. In Chapter 1 we learn that Nella is acutely aware of the cultural expectations placed upon her as the only Black person in the office, and she wearily endures daily microaggressions from white liberal coworkers like Sophie. Nella knows that “diversity” at Wagner means hiring “Very Specific People who [come] from a Very Specific Box” (12). Despite her attempts to raise awareness and start real conversations about racial bias through diversity meetings, Nella quickly learns that her employers only organize these meetings and that her coworkers only participate in them with the goal of checking that “Very Specific Box.” In Chapter 2, Nella is surprised and elated when Wagner hires another Black editorial assistant, Hazel-May McCall. Taking this move as a sign, Nella dares to hope that things might change.
However, by the end of Chapter 5, it has become obvious that the same rigid cultural codes still apply. At Hazel’s recommendation, Nella points out the ways in which Colin Franklin’s character, Shartricia, perpetuates racist stereotypes. Colin reacts irrationally, and Nella’s boss, Vera Parini, privileges his white fragility over Nella’s valid observations. At this point Nella understands that she, like Kendra Rae, has stepped out of line. Part 1 ends on this cliffhanger: Is Nella doomed to repeat the past? Is her career, like Kendra Rae’s, now over?
In addition to highlighting the ways in which systemic racism has persisted in the publishing world over the past 30 years, Nella and Kendra Rae function as doppelgangers, or uncanny doubles. Taken from the German Doppel, or double, and Gänger, or walker, the doppelganger is a common element of horror. Representing that which is familiar and unfamiliar at the same time, the doppelganger often but not always acts as a symbol of foreboding. By placing Nella’s plotline adjacent to Kendra Rae’s, and by situating both women at the same publishing house, Harris prepares the audience to expect the worst.
In addition to Kendra Rae, Harris presents Hazel as Nella’s Doppel several times: The women share the same mug and like the same books, they feel passionately about the same issues, and, as Malaika jokes, despite their differences in appearance they might be mistaken for one another in the office. However, because Hazel’s advice places Nella in a position of precarity, the reader is left to wonder whether Hazel will be a counterpart to Nella or an evil twin.
In addition to doppelgangers, Harris introduces hair grease as another uncanny element. It’s the first thing that Nella smells in Chapter 1 and a recurring odor throughout the novel. At first, Nella associates Hazel with the familiar smell of cocoa butter and soothing Brown Buttah brand hair grease. By Chapter 3, however, the scent of Hazel’s hair grease has become unfamiliar, and Nella can no longer place it. Moreover, in the Prologue, Kendra Rae offers clues that indicate hair grease can burn. Harris signals that hair grease is both a familiar and an unfamiliar material and foreshadows that it can cause either good or harm.