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37 pages 1 hour read

Thomas Merton

The Seven Storey Mountain

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 1948

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Part 1, Chapters 1-4Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “Prisoner’s Base”

Merton describes his family and the geography that shaped his upbringing. Merton is born in France, but his family moves to the United States, his mother’s birthplace. She dies of stomach cancer when he is very young. Merton remembers her as a stern, rigid woman, but he acknowledges that he only knew her when she was sick. Later, he learns a great deal about her from her diary and from accounts given by relatives after her death.

Merton’s father toggles between keeping Merton and his little brother, John Paul, in school and keeping them with him during his travels. Typically, he chooses to keep the boys nearby. Merton’s father’s travels lead him to Bermuda and eventually back to Flushing, New York. The young Merton’s grandparents have a profound influence on him. He calls his grandmother, who was Protestant, bonnemaman.

In 1925, when Merton’s father discovers he is dying of an illness, he decides to return to France, and he takes Merton with him.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “Our Lady of the Museums”

Merton recalls that he was not interested in France, and that he actively protested going there, but he looks back on the experience with gratitude; even his childhood self recognized that France held for him a profound sense of home.

Merton’s father struggles to make a living as a painter in the south of France.

Although he brought the boys to France intending to give them a good education, after visiting the school he had selected, he decides against it. Merton says that he is grateful for this because it was a French Protestant school for mostly privileged children.

They soon move to another town, traveling by train through the French countryside, and eventually to St. Antonin in the Pyrenees near where Merton was born. The town’s center has a church with great bells. Inside is a relic to St. Antonin, but it is in ruins because of religious wars long ago. His father’s family comes to visit them, and they travel through Switzerland, which Merton doesn’t like. In the spring of 1928, his father returns to France after showing his work in England in an exhibition. By now, young Merton is beginning to feel comfortably French, but his father announces that they are moving immediately to England. He is slated to start school at Oakham in the Midlands while living with his Aunt Maud.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “The Harrowing of Hell”

Merton attends Oakham from ages 14 to 17, beginning in 1929, during which time he learns that his father is sick. His father returns to the hospital, where he later dies of a brain tumor. At school, the young Merton studies philosophy and versions of religion that the older Merton no longer agrees with. At age 17, Merton experiences his own health scare: His foot and tooth both ached. The dentist informs him his tooth is infected and that he needs to have it pulled without anesthesia. Merton was in such pain that he consents, but instead of feeling better, he feels worse as the day goes on. He has what is called “blood poisoning,” or sepsis (107). Although he believes he might die, the young Merton doesn’t care. Looking back on this, the older Merton is grateful that he didn’t die because he didn’t know enough then to see life and death as meaningful, as elements of his relationship with God.

At this time, Merton takes an accidental pilgrimage to see the art of significant churches. The later Merton reflects that he was traveling for the wrong reasons, but he still considers these moments to have been consequential in his spiritual journey. He goes to the Quaker meeting in Flushing, Queens, that his mother had attended, but he finds himself at odds with the mediocrity of ideas there. The later Merton reflects that appreciated the community of Quakers, but struggles to see their spiritual merit. He travels to the World’s Fair in Chicago, where he is entranced. He finds himself devoid of his religious hunger by the time he returns to New York, and he gets caught up in the burlesque scene there.

He goes to England and begins university at Clare College, Cambridge University. He finds himself far from God there.

When his Aunt Maud dies in November, he realizes that his childhood and his understanding of England has died too.

Looking back on his time at Cambridge, Merton counts his reading of Dante’s Divine Comedy among the only virtues of his college experience, other than the fact that God had been merciful to fly as far from him as possible. He describes the disgust he feels when he thinks of his arrogant college self.

The young Merton strays so far from his studies that his advisor, Tom, summons him to a meeting, and still, he doesn’t care. Eventually, he is told to stay in New York because he is wasting his time in Cambridge. Finally, the older Merton describes the looming descent into war at that time, and he reflects on the extent of God’s mercy.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “The Children in the Market Place”

Merton’s journey back to America begins the process of his conversion not to Catholicism but to Communism. He is able to see the spiritual mess he’d become in Cambridge, and finds a kind of spiritual solution in his new beliefs. He is in love with Russian culture, and despite evidence of people suffering under Communism in the Soviet Union, he clings to the idea. The later Merton reflects that he saw Communism when he was young as “an easy and handy religion.” It told a neat story about good and evil, and its disdain for the bourgeoisie aligned with his artistic upbringing (148). Merton becomes involved with the Communist Party briefly, attending some meetings and giving speeches. However, he soon finds himself uninterested. The older Merton reflects that his real interest wasn’t in helping humanity. He’d been interested in helping himself.

He starts classes at Columbia University in 1935 at age 20, and joins a fraternity there. The fraternity has a history of hazing so severe that it once drove someone to suicide. Merton reflects that this hit him hard, but it was a fleeting emotion. The young Merton at Columbia becomes busy with many interests and little discipline.

In 1936, Merton’s Pop died. Merton reflects that his Bonnemaman experienced many close brushes that brought her near to death, but she managed to hang on longer than anyone expected, and he attributes this to the power of prayer.

While on the train home from work with a date, Merton experiences a vicious bout of vertigo. He checks himself into the Pennsylvania Hotel, where he sees a physician who advises him to give up some of his activities. As a result, he becomes obsessed with his diet. The later Merton writes that this was a petty and pointless preoccupation. He had lost everything despite indulging in life as he wanted. Finding himself on the brink of spiritual anguish, however, he gains spiritual devotion.

Part 1, Chapters 1-4 Analysis

Although Merton’s experiences are extraordinary—a childhood spent traveling the world with his artist father—Merton establishes himself as a relatable character.

For example, he shows how his family, like so many others, dealt with financial difficulties and unexpected health conditions that disrupted and eventually completely uprooted their lives. Merton, who at the time of writing has accepted a vow of poverty as part of his life in the monastery, could have framed these events as though he knew his suffering was a part of his bigger plan in life. Instead, he states the facts of his childhood plainly and is honest about his perceptions then versus later on.

Merton frames his early experiences as near-misses on the path to God or as byways. They were always motivated by the same inner yearning for the truth, The Search for Meaning, or to find his true self and to find God. For example, he writes about his childhood visits to French villages and their old churches:

I had no curiosity about monastic vocations or religious rules, but I know my heart was filled with a kind of longing to breathe the air of that lonely valley and to listen to its silence (48).

In this passage, Merton reflects on a “kind of longing” that filled his heart, and he writes that although it wasn’t (yet) to be monastic, it was to pursue solitude. Here, Merton is echoing St. Augustine in the Confessions, as he does in so many other parts of the book. Like Merton, Augustine wrote of his “longing” as it followed various wayward paths in his youth before finding the right object (God). Augustine even posited that longing itself is always, once understood, longing for God. Merton’s gradual clarification of himself to himself, and the clarification of his longing as essentially religious, is the overarching Augustinian logic of the book.

As Augustine does, when Merton looks back on his early life, he finds that he was callous, selfish, and lost in sin. He often recollects how unbothered and selfishly he acted—for example when his mother’s died—portraying his past and his flaws in raw language. Merton didn’t start out a perfect blank slate or primed for religion. He was a typical child, he is saying, so that his search to find his true self and to find God, even if demands a lot of him as he transforms from a child completely unaware of the true meaning of religion to a man who spends his life devoted to it, is a search anyone can undertake.

Merton uses simple comparisons to convey complex philosophical and religious ideas. For example, he compares souls to athletes in need of a challenger: “Souls are like athletes, that need opponents worthy of them, if they are to be tried and extended and pushed to the full use of their progress and rewarded according to their capacity” (92). The concept of a soul is hard to define, and the way he grapples with it is shifting, complex, and sometimes esoteric. However, this simple simile comparing souls to athletes conveys the true purpose of his more challenging ideas and one that he suspects readers may hold about why humanity must be alienated from God and endure such trials to be reunited.

All autobiographies are retrospective, but Merton’s is different. More spiritual autobiography than memoir, he doesn’t just recount his past, or his various missteps, he analyzes them carefully and from a theological vantage point. Furthermore, as the example of his nascent childhood desire for solitude illustrates, they are analyzed from an Augustinian point of view as steps or missteps to or away from his ultimate goal, which is God. This theme, Retrospection and Meaning, recurs throughout the book.

During many of the dark moments in Merton’s life, he had bouts of intense illness. Although he didn’t recognize the meaning in his suffering then, he is now able to look back and see a significant parallel between his spiritual ill-health and physical ill-health. Merton had a tooth infection that spread to his blood, and this becomes an outward manifestation of the state of his soul, his spiritual neglect throughout the story. This particular instance of tooth decay holds a lot of gravity because it causes him to develop a severe, life-threatening infection. He writes that he didn’t even fear death at all when it confronted him, and this fact deeply saddens the version of him that is writing because he knows he didn’t truly value the gift of his life at that time. He sees from the vantage of the present that his spiritual dilapidation resulted in an infection. The event stands in the book as the lowest point in his spiritual journey, something only clear retrospectively.

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