49 pages • 1 hour read
Sally J. PlaA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
Sally J. Pla uses Charlie’s evolving relationship with birds and the natural world to explore the ways in which nature might heal and center the individual. For as long as Charlie can remember, he’s loved to read and talk about birds. However, at the start of the novel, Charlie “hate[s] to be outside” because it’s “dusty and dirty” (19). Outside of his occasional trips to the canyon with his dad to see birds, Charlie’s understanding of nature is limited to books until he and his family travel across the country. Pla uses environments and sights, including the “big, monotonous desert[s],” “wide fancy boulevard[s],” “hot beige wasteland[s],” “dark Wyoming mountain[s],” and “piercing-bright diamond stars” to both inspire and move Charlie (49, 89, 103). Each new setting opens Charlie to new ways of seeing the world, other people, and himself. He discovers a deep connection with nature by exploring diverse regions around the United States and learns how healing and empowering these adventures can be. The more places he visits, the more excited he feels to try new things. Therefore, Charlie’s changing geographical context throughout the novel mirrors his shifting emotional state and inspires the array of lessons he learns.
Charlie’s love and respect for Dr. Tiberius Shaw also facilitates his growing love for nature. After he finds Shaw’s journal in Las Vegas, Charlie begins to use Shaw’s writing as a guidebook. Shaw asks questions about the birds he’s studying like: “What stunt of bird bravery is this?” and “What can the godwit teach us about our own connection to home?” (67). Furthermore, Shaw makes observations and remarks like: “You will find me there, surrounded by birds of all flocks, miraculous birds that soar and wing and explain to me the workings of the world” (177). Charlie had previously considered human behavior difficult to understand, but these questions reflect Charlie’s difficulty with people back at him and imply that the study of birds can also be a study of humans. These parts of Shaw’s journal inspire Charlie to study birds and the natural world with new bravery and boldness. In turn, Charlie discovers that many of Shaw’s experiences are true for him, too. Like Shaw, Charlie learns that being outside and spending time with animals grants him perspective on his relationships and his life’s challenges.
Charlie discovers how to overcome adversity and to heal by connecting with nature. Camping with his family, taking walks with Tiberius, exploring Yellowstone National Park, and venturing through the Sanctuary Marsh are all experiences that teach Charlie how transformative the natural world can be. By the end of the novel, Charlie has learned to take more risks, and he has discovered that surrounding himself with plants and animals when he feels upset can soothe and encourage him. Pla also uses these facets of Charlie’s story to explore the particularly important role that nature can play for neurodiverse individuals, as it can offer a safe space in a society that may otherwise be hard to navigate.
Pla uses Charlie’s cross-country adventure as an extended metaphor for Charlie’s journey towards personal growth and acceptance. As a person with autism, Charlie often feels like an outsider. Even in the context of his family. Charlie knows that he’s different. He often feels bothersome to his siblings and is used to people—including his brothers—calling him names like “Priss. Old grandmother. Kook. Droid. Lysol Louie…Nerd” (48). Because “no one really knows [him] that well” people treat him like he’s strange for having quirks and idiosyncrasies (48). As a result, Charlie has trouble accepting himself. He does everything in his power to avoid confrontation, challenge, and change. However, when he and his family set out on their road trip from California to Virginia, Charlie is ushered into a series of new experiences, environments, and relationships that force him to grow and be more comfortable with his identity.
Each of Charlie’s adventures on the road challenge and transform his character. In turn, Pla suggests that experiencing new things, exploring new places, and meeting new people might help a person believe in themself and to take pride in their own unique identity. Examples of Charlie’s transformative experiences include: his nighttime walk with Dr. Joan in Wyoming, going down the water slide in Wisconsin, and venturing through the Sanctuary Marsh alone in Virginia. These experiences teach Charlie that even when he’s “scared to death” that he will get hurt trying new things, “getting hurt [isn’t] as bad as being afraid of getting hurt” (203). Therefore, each of Charlie’s road-trip adventures makes him more courageous and helps him feel proud of himself. Trying new things and having “whole conversations” with a variety of new people make Charlie realize that even though he’s different, he can still participate in life and enjoy it.
Charlie’s cross-country adventures in turn teach him that if he can try new things, he can also find the courage to face his sorrows and traumas. Charlie’s journey towards self-acceptance parallels his healing journey. He not only wants to participate in family activities during their drive to please his siblings, but to overcome his complex emotions about his dad’s hospitalization. His experiences therefore usher him towards emotional and psychological growth. Dr. Tiberius Shaw’s letter to Charlie at the novel’s end particularly illustrates how he has grown over time and the ways his challenges have transformed him.
Charlie’s evolving relationships with his loved ones convey the important role that family plays in an individual’s personal development. At the start of the novel, Charlie doesn’t spend much time with his siblings. He often avoids them because their habits bother him and because they tease him. However, when the family sets out on their road trip, Charlie has no choice but to spend concentrated time with Davis, Joel, Jake, and their new friend Ludmila. At the start of the novel, Charlie remembers Dad asking him, “Are you a flocker or a loner, Charlie” (20)? Charlie’s habits in the chapters following suggest that he prefers to be alone than to participate in a group dynamic. However, the longer he and his family are on the road together, the more Charlie longs for companionship and acceptance and realizes how important community is to his growth.
Reading Dr. Tiberius Shaw’s journal during his journey particularly informs Charlie’s changing regard for his relationship with his family. The following passage about swallows is just one example from Shaw’s writings about communities in the natural world that moves Charlie:
Swallows on the move, in the evening air. These birds live and die for the flock, remaining within touching distance of each other for their entire lives. Deriving meaning from the flock, from each other, these birds move as one through the world (134-35).
This passage makes Charlie wonder if he and his family are “moving together as one through the world” and if they are a flock (135). Throughout the novel, Charlie marvels at how Shaw can understand people by studying birds. The idea of comparing a family to a flock therefore resonates with Charlie. The more time that he spends with Davis, the twins, and Ludmila, the more he realizes that they have to support one another. If he wants their acceptance and encouragement, he must give them his.
Therefore, spending several days traveling across the country with his family helps Charlie to understand both how important his family is to him and how important his role in the family is, too. While he and Davis watch the starling murmuration, for example, Charlie realizes that if he “were a starling” his “seven touching-distance birds” would include Dad, Gram, Joel, Jake, Davis, and Ludmila (209). This realization conveys Charlie’s newfound ability to value his family. Comparing his family to a flock helps him to see the power of their relationships and how much his family has helped him to grow and change.