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55 pages 1 hour read

Beth Lincoln

The Swifts: A Dictionary of Scoundrels

Fiction | Novel | Middle Grade | Published in 2023

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Part 1Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Part 1, Chapter 1 Summary: “An Unexpected Inheritance”

Content Warning: This section of the guide includes discussion of death and graphic violence.

Shenanigan lives at the Swift family estate with Uncle Maelstrom, her older sister Phenomena, her eldest sister Felicity, and the family matriarch, Aunt Schadenfreude. Every month, the Swift family rehearses Aunt Schadenfreude’s funeral at the woman’s insistence. During the rehearsal in early May, Shenanigan sneaks John the cat into her aunt’s coffin, sends the casket careening into the grave, and falls into the funeral cake. Aunt Schadenfreude scolds the girl and observes, “Well, you can’t help your name, I suppose” (8). The familiar saying irritates Shenanigan, but she comforts herself by remembering her plan to search for the family fortune.

Later that day, Aunt Inheritance arrives at the Swifts’ estate. In her role as the archivist, Inheritance is responsible for recording her relatives’ history and maintaining their traditions. She declares that the time has come for a Swift family reunion.

Part 1, Chapter 2 Summary: “The Dictionary”

For centuries, Swifts have been named by choosing a word at random from the family dictionary. Weeks ago, Felicity destroyed a catapult that Shenanigan built, and Shenanigan retaliates by putting moths among Felicity’s cherished clothes. Felicity is distraught because the moths eat some garments that took her weeks to sew. Aunts Inheritance and Schadenfreude see Shenanigan’s misbehavior as an inevitability: “She wouldn’t be called Shenanigan if it wasn’t who she’s meant to be” (18). Because Felicity’s name is relatively ordinary, Schadenfreude believes that the eldest sister is destined for a dull and average life.

Part 1, Chapter 3 Summary: “Mapping the Interior”

Swift House was built in 1602 and has fallen into a state of disrepair due to the dwindling of the family’s fortunes. The manor was constructed by Mazzard Swift. After his death, his two sons, Gramercy and Vile, were at odds because Gramercy’s philanthropic efforts seemed like a waste of money to the greedy Vile. When Gramercy was found dead with an axe in his back, Vile was known to be the murderer, but he still received his brother’s portion of the inheritance. Vile’s paranoia and wealth grew, and he cloistered himself in the manor with a hidden trove of silver, gold, and gems. After his death, his sister, Cantrip, inherited the house. She became the first matriarch in the family and invited all her relatives to look for the fortune during the first Swift family reunion, but “no trace of Vile’s Hoard has ever been found” (26).

Shenanigan is determined to find the treasure before a visiting relative does. For the past year, she has searched for the Hoard and compiled a map of the manor’s hidden passageways. On the day of Aunt Inheritance’s arrival, the girl locates a hidden room behind an enormous oil painting in a corridor but is unable to go inside.

Part 1, Chapter 4 Summary: “A Research Proposal”

A woman called Cook ran away from Buckingham Palace when she was young and has lived at Swift House for 20 years. She is part of the family even though she wasn’t born a Swift, but Aunt Inheritance mistakenly insists on treating Cook like an employee. Inheritance tries to impress the importance of the reunion and preserving family traditions onto Shenanigan and her sisters, but Shenanigan points out that not all their ancestors’ actions were honorable. Inheritance insists that Swifts are special and blessed because their names reveal their destinies.

Cook tries to cheer the girls up by showing them a package from their parents, who are working at a temple in Peru, “reconstructing dead languages with their university” (37). The sisters haven’t seen their parents in over a year, and they won’t be attending the reunion. The letter is accompanied by gifts, including a machete for Shenanigan and French fashion magazines for Felicity.

After dinner, Shenanigan visits Phenomena’s laboratory in the attic. The young scientist accidentally makes cyanide, which she puts in a bottle marked with a skull. Shenanigan worries that Inheritance might be right about names deciding Swifts’ destinies because Uncle Maelstrom became a sea captain and Phenomena loves science. Phenomena agrees to help her little sister discover how her name is defined in the family dictionary.

Part 1, Chapter 5 Summary: “Grave Matters”

At midnight, Shenanigan and Phenomena sneak into Aunt Schadenfreude’s study. Shenanigan steals the key to the cellar using the expertise she developed by swiping Felicity’s diaries and pickpocketing Uncle Maelstrom. Schadenfreude wears an iron collar even when she sleeps, but no one knows why.

The Swift family commissions gravestones for their children as soon as they’re named, and they’re stored in the cellar while the relatives are alive. Phenomena and Shenanigan look for Shenanigan’s gravestone without success until Felicity comes to their assistance. According to her tombstone, the definition of “shenanigan” is “1. Tomfoolery, skulduggery, mischief of all varieties 2. A devious trick for an underhanded purpose” (48). Shenanigan wants to destroy her gravestone, but Felicity warns her that she might hurt herself. Shenanigan ignores her sister and drops the stone to the floor, breaking it in two. The crash wakes up Schadenfreude, and the girls hurry upstairs and disperse at the sound of her approach. On her way to her room, Shenanigan sees Aunt Inheritance enter the hidden room behind the painting in the corridor.

Part 1, Chapter 6 Summary: “Guest Appearances”

Shenanigan hides in a vase outside the secret room but falls asleep before Aunt Inheritance emerges. In the morning, the girl returns Aunt Schadenfreude’s keys to her study and climbs onto the roof, where she uses a flashlight to communicate with a friendly neighborhood postman named Suleiman in Morse code. Her vantage point gives her a good view of the cars swarming up to the manor.

One of the many guests is a child about Shenanigan’s age who introduces themself as Erf. Shenanigan and Erf bond over their mutual fondness for amphibians. A young woman named Flora spits coffee beans at the gathered grown-ups, notes that the two children are too young to have attended a family reunion before, and advises them, “Keep your head down, trust no one, and don’t play any games you don’t know the rules to” (59).

Part 1, Chapter 7 Summary: “Collective Terms”

A man named Pamplemousse de Pastiche Martinet, who wears a frock coat and bears a sword, pistol, and daggers, challenges a nonplussed relative to a duel over appetizers. Inheritance is Erf’s grandmother and fusses over the child, so Shenanigan comes to their aid by creating a diversion. The grateful Erf explains that they don’t want to wear the nametag with their “Dictionary name” and that they’re “not a boy or a girl” (64). Shenanigan invites her new friend to hide in Phenomena’s lab. Shenanigan bumps into a woman named Atrocious and her brother, Pique. The affluent siblings mock the young girl until Flora comes to her defense. Shenanigan meets Flora’s identical twin, a kindhearted young woman named Fauna. Aunt Schadenfreude summons everyone’s attention by rapping her cane against the floor and announces, “I could die any minute. It’s time to begin” (71).

Part 1, Chapter 8 Summary: “Asking for Trouble and Courting Chaos”

Aunt Schadenfreude warns her relatives that the house is dangerous and reminds them that at least one person has died while seeking Grand-Uncle Vile’s treasure. Many of the books in the library are booby-trapped, so she locks the room. As the Swift matriarch, Schadenfreude resolves disputes between relatives. Everyone accepts her judgments except for Candour Swift. He asks for her blessing on him and his fiancée, Daisy DeMille, but Schadenfreude declares, “I cannot bless a marriage in which one person is so blatantly leeching off another” (77). She tells Daisy to leave the house at once, but Candour laughs and suggests that they discuss this later. The elderly woman tells the gathered family members that she is “[t]ired of sorting out all [their] problems” and that she will choose her replacement in three days (79).

Part 1, Chapter 9 Summary: “Retirement”

Aunt Schadenfreude’s announcement sends the family into an uproar. Uncle Maelstrom asks Shenanigan to show Candour and Daisy to their guest room, but Daisy excuses herself. At first, Candour is patronizing about Shenanigan’s interest in Vile’s Hoard, but he quickly apologizes and commends her determination. Candour says that he doesn’t have any interest in the treasure and is content with his career as a doctor.

Later that evening, Shenanigan sees Daisy hurry down the hall to her guest room. The girl travels through a laundry chute that takes her near the kitchen. When she emerges, she sees a group of frantic relatives gathered around Schadenfreude, who is “lying in a crumpled heap at the bottom of the stairs” (89).

Part 1 Analysis

In Part 1, the commencement of the Swift family reunion and the attempt on Aunt Schadenfreude’s life set the novel’s central mystery into motion. Lincoln draws inspiration from the English country house murder, a type of detective fiction popularized by Agatha Christie. In keeping with this subgenre, the author gathers an array of potential suspects with mysterious motives in an isolated estate. Lincoln’s use of generic conventions provides self-aware comedy. For example, the ancestral home is honeycombed with hidden rooms largely due to the Swifts’ love of detective fiction: “In mystery stories, the secret wall safe or old treasure map was usually found behind the strangest, ugliest painting in the room […] [M]any Swifts had copied this idea when creating their own hiding places. The result was a house full of bad art” (28). Thus, Swift House becomes both a paragon and a loving parody of the English country house found in many murder mysteries.

Shenanigan’s antics in Part 1 set the stage for the protagonist’s maturation over the course of the novel by establishing that she has room to grow. The prank with the moths and Shenanigan’s trip to the cellar portray her irresponsibility, her penchant for causing chaos, and her lack of appreciation for Felicity. Felicity tries to keep her younger sisters safe and out of trouble during their search for Shenanigan’s gravestone, but Shenanigan calls her a “wet sandwich” (49), making it clear that she views her oldest sister as a bothersome killjoy rather than an ally. Aunt Schadenfreude is also painted in an antagonistic light due to the natural tension between Shenanigan’s mischief making and the matriarch’s responsibility to uphold order: “Aunt Schadenfreude wouldn’t have liked a lot of things. Like the scuffs on Shenanigan’s shoes, or the twigs in her hair, or the thoughts in her head” (4). Shenanigan is at odds with both Schadenfreude and Felicity at the start of the novel, but she learns to value both as she matures.

The Swifts’ belief that their names decide their destinies gives rise to the theme of The Struggle for Self-Determination. Aunt Inheritance sees this extreme form of nominative determinism as a blessing: “Normal people go their whole lives trying to find themselves. Once we are named, we know ourselves, our role, from birth to death” (35). Some characters’ lives align with their names, seemingly vindicating the family’s beliefs. Grand-Uncle Vile is reviled as a miser and his brother’s murderer, and Uncle Maelstrom became a ship’s captain and had many adventures on the high seas. However, the protagonist and several side characters desire the freedom to define themselves. When Schadenfreude says that Shenanigan plays tricks because she “can’t help her name” (18), the girl sees this statement as undermining her free will. The Swifts’ beliefs about names also reduce their expectations for Felicity, and the sisters’ shared fight for self-determination makes them more alike than Shenanigan yet realizes. Other supporting characters with ties to this theme include Cook, who was born into the royal family but ran away and became a Swift in all but name and blood, and Erf, a nonbinary child who casts off their “Dictionary name” and chooses a new name for themself (64).

Lincoln also uses the Swifts’ customs to examine the theme of Tradition as an Obstacle to Progress. Inheritance is closely connected to this theme because, as the archivist, her goal is to maintain the family’s traditions. She wears a tweed suit and has a “voice that [i]s used to libraries” to show how she’s influenced by the name and role that her family gave her (10). Inheritance stresses the importance of tradition by describing it as “a living thing, a flame passed from the past to the future” (35). However, her adherence to tradition hinders her relationship with her grandchild, Erf, who is hesitant to tell her that they are nonbinary.

Lincoln uses the Swifts’ secrets and crimes to warn of The Dangers of Greed. In Chapter 3, the tale of Vile clearly establishes this message. He murdered Gramercy because he thought “his brother was wasting money” through philanthropic efforts (24). Vile’s deeds cast a long shadow over his family’s history, and many of his descendants inherit the miser’s greed, as shown by the deadly treasure hunt for Vile’s Hoard. The main character herself is not entirely immune to greed given her interest in claiming the hoard of “gold, silver, jewels” (25), and she wrestles with this part of herself as the story continues. In addition, greed is a key part of the criminal’s motivation for attempting to murder Schadenfreude, as becomes clear later in the novel.

Lincoln uses symbols and motifs to develop the characters and themes. Swift House symbolizes the Swift family. Both are centuries old, eccentric, and filled with secrets and dangers as well as love and togetherness. The protagonist’s relationship with the estate adds to the resemblance: “Shenanigan loved the House, but she’d been trying to break out of it since she could stay on two legs for more than a minute” (21). Similarly, Shenanigan loves her family, but she seeks to escape the Swifts’ limiting beliefs about names. The family dictionary serves as a motif of tradition. The book is central to many of the family’s customs, especially the unconventional method of selecting children’s names. In addition, Inheritance’s claim that the “Dictionary has enormous power” shows how some in the family treat the tome as a religious text (18). This reverence and focus on preserving tradition inhibits the Swifts from making progressive changes. Lincoln uses names to develop the theme of self-determination, and gravestones are an especially important instance of this motif. The tradition of commissioning gravestones as soon as an infant’s name is chosen adds to the sense of finality and predetermination: “Their names are quite literally set in stone” (45). By breaking her gravestone, Shenanigan seeks to resist her family’s restrictive beliefs about her potential and choose her own path in life. Her trip to the cellar in Chapter 5 foreshadows the novel’s climax, which also takes place among the living Swifts’ gravestones.

These early chapters offer clues to help readers solve the mystery. For instance, Phenomena accidentally makes cyanide in Chapter 4, and the killer finds the poison near the end of the story. A key instance of foreshadowing occurs in Chapter 8 when Schadenfreude declares, “I cannot bless a marriage in which one person is so blatantly leeching off another” (77). It’s eventually revealed that Candour stole Daisy’s money, so the matriarch’s words foreshadow the revelation that Candour pushed her down the stairs. Additionally, Schadenfreude’s announcement that she will name her replacement in three days foreshadows both her survival of the attempt on her life and Fauna’s appointment as the new matriarch. The latter development is instrumental to the resolution and to the themes of progress and self-determination.

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