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W. E. B. Du BoisA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
A conference organized by Du Bois at Atlanta University and held every year from 1896 to 1914. Much of Du Bois’s early research was conducted while he served this institution.
Common schools were 19th-century public schools. Such schools were community funded and operated locally. The common school movement died out at the beginning of the 20th century as unified school districts were organized and control of schools came increasingly into the hands of professional educators.
This was a movement organized by free African Americans. Twelve conventions were held between 1831 and 1864. While focused on the abolition of slavery, the primary cause for the first convention was anti-African American rioting in Cincinnati in 1829 (39).
A normal school or college is a teacher training institution (with the idea of instilling “norms” or standards). The first normal school was organized in 1685 in France. The first normal school in the United States was founded in Vermont in 1823. In 1839, the first public normal school was founded in Massachusetts.
William Lloyd Garrison’s weekly abolitionist newspaper, published from 1831 to 1865. The Liberator was the most influential anti-slavery newspaper in the years before the Civil War.