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Margaret AtwoodA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Present-day Agnes says that she will describe the preparations for her proposed marriage, noting that she is able to describe the marriage process in Gilead both from the perspective of a bride-to-be and of an Aunt. All families seek to marry their daughters off early for fear of the girl losing her virginity, a stoning offense.
Commander Kyle, Aunt Vidala, and Aunt Gabbana discuss Agnes’s marriage as though she is not there. Commander Kyle only protests once that 13-year-old Agnes is young, but Aunt Gabbana disagrees. She comments on Agnes’s wide hips and wants to see her teeth. The Aunts insists that they consider no family lower than Commander. Aunt Gabbana assures Agnes that she will have at least three candidates to choose from. Paula asks for a hasty process and says that she’ll make the usual donation to Ardua Hall.
Agnes doesn’t return to school and instead works on a petit point embroidery for her future husband. She embroiders a tiny skull in the corner, imagining it to be Paula’s, though she will tell anyone who asks that it is a memento mori, a pious motif. Agnes reflects on how girls don’t attend funerals because there is writing on the headstones, and Gilead society prohibits girls from reading. Aunts can attend funerals, and Agnes wonders about how women become Aunts and whether they have special, androgynous brains.
Paula orders the Marthas to pack up Agnes’s “childish” things, including her dollhouse, to give to an Econofamily. When Paula leaves, Agnes throws the Wife doll across the room.
Aunt Gabbana brings in a team to prepare Agnes’s new wardrobe and wedding dress, since Paula says that Agnes cannot be trusted to choose her own appropriate clothing; even though she belongs to a privileged class, Agnes has no rights or self-agency.
One day without warning, Paula enters Agnes’s room with the wardrobe team: Aunt Lorna, Aunt Sara Lee, and Aunt Betty. They tell Agnes to take off her pink school uniform, and the Aunts take her measurements. Several days later, the Aunts return with Agnes’s new outfits. They are spring green, one for spring and summer and another for fall and winter. The color signals a young woman ready for marriage. The clothes are used, since no one wears these outfits for long. Agnes is hopeful because there is an outfit for fall and winter; maybe she will not have to be married soon. Her pink and plum clothes are taken away to be given to another girl, since Gilead is at war and nothing is to be wasted.
Agnes enters the Rubies Premarital Preparatory, the school for girls from good families who are ready to be married. Aunts run the school, but they are more stylish than the Aunts at the Vidala School.
Shunammite and Becka are already attending the school. Both seem older to Agnes, though not much time has passed since the last time she saw them. Shunammite is excited about being married, hoping for a widower of 40 who had not loved his first wife and had no children: “She didn’t want some young jerk who’d never had sex before because that would be uncomfortable—what if he didn’t know where to put his thing?” (161). Shunammite’s reckless speech is more pronounced.
Becka had begged her family not to make her marry yet, but they had received a good offer from the family of a Commander. Becka tearfully tells Agnes that she does not want to marry and have a man crawling over her. She says she hates it. Agnes notes that Becka says that she “hates it,” not that she “would hate it.” Agnes worries that something disgraceful happened to Becka. Becka especially fears the “wet feeling,” but Shunammite laughingly compares French kisses to dogs. Becka retorts that dogs are friendly.
Agnes doesn’t talk with her friends about marriage She thinks about what happened with Dr. Grove, though she cannot talk about it. Her disgust over the incident seems to be nothing compared to Becka’s genuine horror, feeling that she’ll be “crushed:” “She really did believe that […] she would be melted like snow until nothing remained of her” (163). Agnes asks Becka why she doesn’t ask her mother for help, but Becka says that her “real” mother was a Handmaid, and her mother holds that against her. Agnes hugs Becka and tells her that she understands.
Aunt Lise teaches the girls at Rubies about how to be a proper Wife, including manners and customs, how to be a gracious hostess, and how to deal with Marthas and Handmaids. She teaches that everyone in Gilead serves God in their own way and has gifts. Aunt Lise instructs the girls in suitable hobbies like gardening, how to ensure that food in the home is prepared and served properly, proper prayers, and interior decorating, though the husband has final say on all matters.
By summer, Becka is not doing well. Her wedding is in November and seeing her husband-to-be in person had made her feel ill. She wishes that she could become truly ill disease so that the wedding would have to be postponed. During a flower arrangement class, she slashes her wrists with pruning shears while Agnes watches. The time paramedics take Becka away to the hospital, and she says goodbye to Agnes, who does not know how to respond. Aunt Lise declares that Becka is immature and adds “unlike you girls.”
These chapters show another upheaval in Agnes’s life. She preparing for marriage, though she is barely 13. In Gilead, any girl who is menstruating is a “woman” and therefore eligible for marriage. Paula rushes Agnes’s marriage, as she wants her out of the house as soon as possible. Paula wants all reminders of her predecessor erased from the home, and Agnes is the most prominent example of Tabitha’s tenure as the Wife of the house. Paula considers Agnes’s origins, as the daughter of a rebel Handmaid, a blight on her family.
The Aunts compound the cruelty of forcing young Agnes to marry by stripping her of everything she has known: Her clothes are taken away and replaced with new ones, she attends a new school, and Paula asks the Martha’s to remove Agnes’s last connection to Tabitha: the dollhouse.
The Rubies Premarital Preparatory School is a very different place than the Vidala School. The school for younger girls had been a place of stories and moral lessons, whereas the school for older girls seems more like a trade school, to educate them in how to become professional Wives. In many ways, the lessons at the Rubies School mirror the types of instruction given to 18th-century young women at “finishing schools,” coaching in social graces and the cultural rites of the upper class. The Rubies students learn how to be kind but firm to their Marthas, the present-day equivalent of servants, and how not to become emotionally entangled with their Handmaid, should they require one.
Agnes’s friends from the Vidala School are exaggerated versions of their former selves. Shunammite is even more prone to crude talk than she had been before, and Becka is even more anxious and desperate. It is apparent that Becka has been sexually assaulted, because she has first-hand knowledge of sex acts, which makes her terrified of marriage. Agnes feel badly for Becka’s plight but feels her issues may “rub off” on her. Like Agnes, Becka’s birth mother was a Handmaid and her official mother despises her because of it. When Becka slashes her wrists in an effort to get out of her marriage, Aunt Lise uses the event a lesson to further the girls’ indoctrination.
There is a very important piece of foreshadowing in these chapters, as Agnes states that she can attest to this marriage ritual “from both sides,” as a prospective bride and as an Aunt. Agnes also comments, when discussing the kinds of lessons in cooking that the girls are taught at the Rubies School, “I can’t say I remember much about these lessons now, as I never was in a position to put them into practice” (164). This passage suggests that Agnes never marries, and instead becomes an Aunt.
By Margaret Atwood