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42 pages 1 hour read

Sigrid Undset

The Wreath: Kristin Lavransdatter #1

Fiction | Novel | Adult | Published in 1920

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Symbols & Motifs

Wreaths

The title of the novel, The Wreath, puts forward a primary symbol of the story as wreaths appear in Kristin’s life numerous times—either literally or in conversation—and act as landmarks for particular moments when her innocence is diminished. The first time is in the encounter with the elf maiden by the river who offers a wreath of golden flowers as a crown. Saved from an uncertain fate, Kristin is caught by her father before anything else can happen. It is not clear what would have happened if Kristin would have accepted the golden wreath; she could have become enchanted, or perhaps nothing would have happened at all. In either case, the moment symbolizes an initiation for which Kristin was not ready. Later on, after Kristin has fallen in love with Erlend, she wears a wreath on her head like a crown—typically worn with loose hair only by young women who are unmarried, and thus are still virgins—and she feels as though everyone can see through her deceit, “as if they could tell that she was standing there like a liar with the gold wreath on her hair, which fell loosely over her shoulders” (166).

In the final chapters of the novel, Brother Edvin tells Kristin that he wishes she had been able to “come to God with [her] wreath” (257)—a symbol of her purity and virginity—but he realizes Kristin had chosen another path and that the life of the convent was not her path. At the very end, as she is dressed for her wedding, Kristin is crowned with a golden circlet, reminiscent of the crown wreath she had been offered when she was a little girl. This time, however, her father is unable to save her from the consequences of placing that crown upon her head, and she is married to Erlend, and to an uncertain fate.

Feminine Agency

The Wreath is centered very specifically on women—Kristin specifically—and the trials and obstacles that they struggle with on a daily basis in medieval Norway. While under the authority of her father, Kristin displays a remarkable level of autonomy. As she grows and matures, she comes to realize the power that her choices possess, for both better or for worse.

Apart from Lavrans, women are the primary actors in the novel. Erlend is a much more passive figure than Kristin, and the other men—Brother Edvin, Arne, Simon, and Sira Eirik, among others—play minor (though important) roles in the story. The development of Fru Aashild’s character from suspected witch to trusted confidant and healer is a remarkable transformation, especially in the 14th-century setting where religion, superstition, and magic were still somewhat mixed.

Kristin’s mother, Ragnfrid, is present at all the major turning points in Kristin’s life, and even though she admits that she could have been a better mother, she never abandons Kristin or rejects her for any reason. The abbess, Fru Groa, attempts to teach Kristin about practical wisdom and the value of experience and obedience for learning how to deal with others well and fairly. Ultimately, Kristin does not follow the advice of these mother figures. Only Fru Aashild steps into the role of mentor for Kristin, and she an unconventional woman for her time. This signifies that Kristin will not follow the traditional path set out for women and that her reputation may suffer as a result.

The Lure of Worldly Pleasure

Kristin admits numerous times that she is far too worldly to live a life wholly devoted to God and the practice of religion. In the aftermath of Ulvhild’s injury, she rejects the idea of devoting her life to God because she loves the world too much. Her greatest sins, as Brother Edvin helps her to see, are due to the fact that she has committed the sin of fornication with Erlend and has broken her betrothal to Simon due to her inability to control her passions and keep them in line with right reason.

When she speaks with Brother Edvin at the end of his life, he too admits that he has been too taken up with worldly pleasures, though not in the same way as she. He admits that he struggled with his own desires and selfish pursuits just as much as anyone else in his own particular way. Edvin, however, fights his worldly passions and conquers them with virtue. Erlend, on the other hand, is clearly unable to control himself around Kristin—as she herself admits in the resentment she feels about her unplanned pregnancy—and is a perfect example of a life lived purely for momentary pleasure with no thought about future consequences.

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By Sigrid Undset