55 pages • 1 hour read
Malcolm LowryA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
At the Salón Ofélia, the Consul drinks heavily while Hugh and Yvonne get ready to swim in the pool. The Consul is drinking mescal and believes that it is helping him to sober up. He receives a tour from the owner, Cervantes, and the sight of the Virgin Mary reminds him of the previous night, when he and Dr. Vigil found themselves at a church and he prayed for Yvonne to come back to him. He returns to Yvonne and Hugh and hears them discussing a climb up Popocatepetl, and the three of them sit down to order food. After looking across the table into Yvonne’s eyes, the Consul finds that he has miscalculated the number of drinks he’s had that day and blacks out, during which time he hears bits and pieces of the conversation between Hugh and Yvonne.
While Hugh and Yvonne discuss the man on the side of the road and how they believe that they encountered him earlier that morning, the Consul reads an informational text about Tlaxcala. Yvonne and Hugh theorize about what happened to the man after they saw him. Meanwhile, the informational snippets the Consul reads primarily focus on religious sites and the conquest of Mexico by the Spanish. As the conversation progresses, the “familiars” of the Consul’s mind creep back in. The Consul returns from his blackout and suggests that they go to Tlaxcala. He is confused when he sees that both Hugh and Yvonne seem to be upset. They don’t acknowledge the Consul’s suggestion, and Hugh begins a conversation about communism as a storm brews outside. The Consul argues with his half-brother.
Their conversation is interrupted when Cervantes appears with coffee and strikes a match to light each of their cigarettes, sharing a superstition that dictates that when three friends use the same match to light their cigarettes, the last one will die before the other two. The Consul is still very drunk, but he starts a new conversation about the thief on the bus and how his situation relates to the philosophy of Tolstoy. This leads to Hugh and the Consul arguing about international relations and the right of countries to interfere in other countries’ political situations. Their conversation mostly focuses on the Spanish Civil War and Europe’s involvement with the different sides. The Consul soon conflates Yvonne and Hugh’s insistence that he stop drinking with foreign intervention in the war, insisting that they not interfere with his personal business. He rebukes Yvonne for suggesting that they escape together to a new place, and he even accuses Yvonne and Hugh of being romantically interested in each other. As his anger crescendos, he declares that he wants to go to Tlaxcala and storms out, followed by no one.
Yvonne and Hugh go searching for the Consul, knowing that he is heading for the nearby Parían. They reach a fork in the road, and knowing that both paths eventually lead to Parían, they choose the longer path, with the presumption that they have a greater chance of finding him at one of the multiple cantinas on the way. At one of the cantinas, El Petate, Hugh goes in to ask questions and have a drink while Yvonne stays outside and frees an eagle from a cage. As she watches the eagle rise, she sees the stars in the face of the impending storm and wonders what drives the stars across the sky. Yvonne and Hugh continue on their way, racing against the storm. From the path, they see a graveyard filled with Day of the Dead celebrants there to honor their lost loved ones.
They arrive at a hotel, El Popo, but still find no sign of the Consul. The storm continues to move in. While there, Yvonne tries mescal and hates it, while Hugh buys a flashlight and guitar from another man. They sit together, and Hugh admits that he will not be making it to his train that night. Before they set off again, Hugh shares with Yvonne a menu he found with an old bill on the back detailing the Consul’s debts at this establishment. Hugh has paid the bill, but Yvonne’s attention is drawn to a poem written by the Consul on the menu. The poem is somber, and Yvonne cannot shake the line “Who once fled north” from her mind (344). They set out for Farolito, another cantina they suspect the Consul might be at, and the storm opens above them. Through the rain, lightning, and thunder, Yvonne continues thinking of the line from the Consul’s poem. As they fight their way down the path, Yvonne loses the light of Hugh’s flashlight and hears the hoofbeats of an approaching horse. In a flash of lightning, she sees the horse with the number seven branded on its side charge at her. It tramples her, and as she dies, Yvonne sees her cabin in Canada, and her hopeful new life with the Consul, go up in flames. Her last thought is of being lifted into the stars.
The Consul is at Farolito, waiting for Hugh, as he does not believe that Yvonne will come after him. He becomes more and more intoxicated and starts hallucinating. While at the bar, Diosdado, the owner, gives him a stack of letters from Yvonne. He reads the letters, all of which detail her wish to reunite with him and the hope that they can have a fresh start. The Consul feels a deep-rooted wish to be forgiven by Yvonne and yet cannot bring himself to take the steps to achieve that. Instead, he sleeps with a sex worker and, in his spiral, remembers similar low points he had in the aftermath of their separation. Then, as now, his “familiars” inform him that they can no longer help him. He leaves the sex worker’s room. He imagines a new life with Yvonne but is convinced that it’s too late. He leaves the establishment and sees the horse with the number seven branded on its side tied up outside Farolito. He is led back inside, however, by one of the vigilante police, who claims that he owes money to the establishment for his drinks and to the pimp whose sex worker he slept with.
Confused in his drunken state, the Consul struggles as the police begin to harass him, claiming that he is a man wanted for murder in another state. The Consul asserts that he is William Blackstone. The police leave to make a phone call and in the moment that they are away from him, the Consul considers escaping but decides against it, as he has no easy way out. He falls into a trance as he reads Yvonne’s letters and listens to the mayhem around him. As he sits at the bar, multiple people come up to him and urge him to leave, warning him that these police officers have bad intentions for him. The officers return and empty the Consul’s pockets. The Consul is wearing the same jacket Hugh had on earlier that day, and the officers find the copy of the telegram that Hugh sent. The police catch the Consul in the lie about his name and accuse him of being a Jewish anarchist. They review the letters from Yvonne as well, compiling more evidence that the Consul has been lying.
The police accuse him of being a “spider” and spying on them. They try to arrest him, but the Consul fights them off, eventually taking hold of a machete and getting all the way to the horse outside. He accuses the police of killing the Indigenous American man that he saw on the road earlier and of stealing his horse. The Consul unties the horse but is shot before he can climb on and escape. The horse startles and flees into the forest as the Consul falls to the ground, mortally wounded. As he dies, he has a vision of climbing Popocatepetl, at times with Yvonne and Hugh or with Dr. Vigil and Jacques. As he nears the top of the volcano, however, he is alone. From the summit there is no view to behold, only ruin, and he finds himself falling into the volcano. The police dump the Consul’s body into the ravine behind the Farolito, and somebody throws a dead dog in after him.
The final section of the novel races toward the tragic conclusion of the Consul’s story. During his last dinner with Hugh and Yvonne, he miscalculates his drinking and spends much of the meal fading in and out of the conversation, occasionally reading an informational text on Tlaxcala. However, when he regains some lucidity, he immediately enters an argument with Hugh about the Spanish Civil War, exploring the theme of Self-Determination in the Face of Interference. The Consul insists that the morally “good” factions are destined to lose:
What in God’s name has all the heroic resistance put up by poor little defenceless peoples all rendered defenceless in the first place for some well-calculated and criminal reason […] to do with the survival of the human spirit? Nothing whatsoever. Less than nothing. Countries, civilisations, empires, great hordes, perish for no reason at all, and their soul and meaning with them (323).
Whereas the Consul believes in The Universe’s Indifference Toward Humans, Hugh’s idealism has led him to support the anti-fascist faction in Spain. He views their cause as righteous, but the Consul insists that this righteousness won’t assure their success. He believes that the world should let the country figure things out by itself, rather than muddying the conflict with their own selfish intentions. He then associates himself with Spain, arguing that Hugh and Yvonne’s insistence that he stop drinking is a violation of his self-determination, just as foreign interference violates Spain’s self-determination. It is his struggle, his war, and their motives for intervening are selfish and underhanded.
Chapter 11 is the final chapter that features Yvonne’s perspective as she fully realizes her role as a tragic figure. Yvonne has spent the novel fighting to save the Consul. So many forces—that is, men—have conspired to stop her. The Consul’s addiction has made it difficult to have a meaningful conversation about leaving Mexico, while Jacques’s mere presence has threatened any stability between the estranged couple. Her one ally throughout this fateful day has been Hugh. And yet, as she walks the path to Parían, she realizes that he too is now working against her, just as the natural world seems to be:
Yvonne was sober. It was the undergrowth, which made sudden swift movements into their path, obstructing it, that was not sober; the mobile trees were not sober; and finally it was Hugh, who she now realized only brought her this far to prove the better practicality of the road, the danger of these woods under the discharges of electricity now nearly on top of them, who was not sober (345).
Hugh’s intoxication leads them down an unsafe path that puts Yvonne right in the line of a charging horse. Addiction to Alcohol permeates the plot of Under the Volcano in this chapter, making the world around Yvonne unstable and unreliable. Despite her hard work and pure intentions to help save the Consul, she is led to her doom by chasing the man she loves and being led astray by his half-brother. Furthermore, in this scene, nature—her hope for salvation—turns against her, just as dangerous and “not sober” as the men in her life. The theme of Nature as a Healing Force is ironically flipped her, leading not to deliverance but to death.
In the final chapter of Under the Volcano, the Consul loses his life after escaping Yvonne and Hugh to drink at the Farolito. While his addiction has led him to this moment, his death also exemplifies The Universe’s Indifference Toward Humans. His demise is the culmination of a string of unfortunate coincidences. He is accused of being an anarchist because he is wearing the jacket with Hugh’s telegram. He also lies about his name and is caught in that lie because of the telegram. Intoxicated, the Consul cannot defend himself adequately and is shot for fighting to escape from the vigilante police. They kill him because of who they think he is, and the evidence compiled against him is not even his own words. The novel then ends with a simple statement: “Somebody threw a dead dog after him down the ravine” (391). This one sentence perfectly captures the theme of The Universe’s Indifference Toward Humans by reducing the events of this fateful day to an offhand remark, in which the Consul is merely a side note. He was never important to the Universe, and his commitment to Self-Determination in the Face of Interference only leads to self-destruction. If at any point in the novel he had truly accepted Yvonne’s help, he might have avoided his death and prevented hers.