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50 pages 1 hour read

Paul Holes, Robin Gaby Fisher

Unmasked: My Life Solving America's Cold Cases

Nonfiction | Autobiography / Memoir | Adult | Published in 2022

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Chapters 15-21Chapter Summaries & Analyses

Chapter 15 Summary: “EAR Breakthrough”

In 2001, Holes’s department receives a grant to update its DNA testing equipment. Holes is given permission to apply the funds to the EAR investigation, and the lab nets a match between the EAR DNA profile and the serial killer from Southern California known as the Original Night Stalker (ONS). Holes is elated and learns from Orange County’s department that they have linked four homicides of the EAR to the ONS perpetrator via DNA. Holes provides them with the information from the EAR cases in the hopes that Orange County will be able to use this and the testimony of survivors to determine the rapist-killer’s identity.

Chapter 16 Summary: “Postmortem”

In 2003, Giacomelli asks Holes for help on a case because his partner, Conary, has been called away due to the death of his mother. The case involves the death of a 21-year-old man named Eric Louis Huffman. His sister reported that he arrived on her doorstep beaten and then died inside her house. Suspicion arose when no blood was found outside of her home and when it was discovered that Huffman died not of a beating but of a gunshot wound.

Giacomelli seeks Holes’s advice on how to look for traces of blood after the crime scene has already been cleaned. After they talk, Holes returns to work only to learn later that an officer has been shot: Giacomelli. Impatient for the rest of his team to arrive, Giacomelli entered the home alone and was shot by the homeowner—Earl Foster Junior. Foster, the ex-boyfriend of Huffman’s sister, had also shot Huffman. Holes has little time to mourn the death of his friend because he is involved in the high-profile case of Laci Petersen, whose body just washed ashore after having been missing for four months.

Chapter 17 Summary: “Changes”

By 2004, Holes and Lori have been separated for six years—a change that results in divorce. Holes is still dating Sherrie and feels at ease with her: Not only does she share his passion for scientific criminal work, but she also allows him space to be alone and independent when needed. Lori dates and then marries a man named Jim that she met at her church, but Holes wavers on committing to Sherrie, cautious not to rush into another relationship. They break up when she heads to the police academy but then resume their relationship when she returns.

Holes proposes to Sherrie in February, and they marry three months later. Because their colleagues have complained of Holes giving Sherrie preferential treatment as her supervisor, Sherrie ultimately takes a new job in a private firm. By the end of the year, they are expecting their first child together.

Chapter 18 Summary: “Small Victories”

Holes identifies several traits he possesses that make him a skilled crime scene investigator: He is able to not only emotionally detach from gruesome crime scenes but also focus on one small task at a time in a way that helps him avoid becoming overwhelmed by the scale of an investigation. Further, while other investigators sometimes begin compiling suspects before the crime scene has been fully analyzed, Holes never rushes. He pays attention to details that others miss and insists on thorough examinations.

He cites a case that demonstrates this: The wife of a prominent attorney was brutally attacked and killed in their home in 2005. Holes noticed a small hole on the victim’s sock and had it swabbed for DNA—something that is not routine. He suspected the tear might have resulted from the victim fighting back. Sure enough, it was this DNA that garnered a conviction.

Chapter 19 Summary: “Hurricane Holes”

After much cajoling, Holes applies for and then accepts a promotion as chief of forensics in 2009. As the bureaucratic stress adds to his anxiety and reduces his time spent on cold cases, he begins to regret it. However, he is suddenly “rewarded” when Jaycee Duggard—a woman who went missing in 1991, when she was 11—is located. A rapist on parole named Phillip Garrido kidnapped her. Holes wonders if Garrido might be responsible for other unsolved cold cases—namely, the Pittsburg sex worker crimes that Conaty and Giacomelli had worked on. Holes and Conaty collect evidence at Garrido’s compound but cannot link any of the cold cases to him.

Holes is quickly reminded that his new place is at a desk, not out in the field. Holes is further dismayed when a new supervisor forbids DNA testing on cold cases, insisting it is stretching resources too thin. Holes comes to realize that his acquired investigative skills are going to waste and takes it upon himself to secretly pull out the EAR file once again.

Chapter 20 Summary: “EAR Revisited”

In the summer of 2009, Holes reexamines the EAR case. This time, he has information from Orange County about the ONS to add to what he knows. For some investigators, slowly combing through old reports and tracking details is tedious and therefore frustrating, but Holes thrives on this slow and methodical work. He checks a long list of suspects, examining them against the profile of EARONS.

The reports indicate that EARONS is sadistic in his mental torture of his victims, threatening to harm their children if those he targets do not comply. In the 1977 rape of a woman named Karen, Holes also finds hints of guilt and a desire to remain uncaught that suggest that EARONS is not a psychopath but a sociopath.

Chapter 21 Summary: “Him”

Holes becomes adept at finishing his administrative work quickly in the morning so that he can spend the remainder of each day researching EARONS. He travels to the houses where the perpetrator struck, trying to determine how he selected his victims.

Holes narrows the list of suspects to 24. The most compelling is a man he assigns the pseudonym Robert Lewis Potts. Potts’s geographic whereabouts overlapped with EAR’s in the 1970s. He has a history of domestic violence and behaved strangely around the time of the attacks when police pulled him over for an outstanding warrant: Police thought it odd Potts was in the area of Danville, though Potts claimed he was on his way home from his job as a railroad brakeman and had pulled over to nap. Just a few months after this, the EAR struck again—in Danville, near where Potts had been napping. In this instance, however, the husband of the would-be victim scared off the attacker. This was the final time that the EAR appeared, but four months later, the ONS attacks began in Southern California.

Potts was eliminated as a suspect in 1979 based on the results of a saliva test. Holes, knowing the test is outdated and less reliable than modern tests, feels Potts should not have been eliminated.

Chapters 15-21 Analysis

Holes’s quest to identify the EARONS killer intensifies. The more he investigates, the more Holes feels compelled to solve the case, which he explains with reference to the dark, sadistic nature of the perpetrator: The EARONS psychologically tortures his victims as well as harming them physically—e.g., obtaining compliance by threatening the victim’s loved ones. Unique behaviors that recur across attacks—such as weighting the male partner’s body to prevent him from moving or remaining in the home for a length of time after the attack to steal items, eat the victims’ food, or merely sit in silence—all stand out to Holes. These traits make the perpetrator increasingly real and individualized to Holes, making Holes even more certain that unveiling the EARONS is his purpose.

That others do not share Holes’s belief that unmasking the perpetrator should be a top priority is the source of much of the narrative’s conflict. By this point, Holes is going to extremes to solve the case, including rushing through his official job duties so that he can pour his efforts into investigation. Since the cases are decades old, however, the danger of the perpetrator striking again seems remote. Moreover, the older a cold case gets, the harder it is to solve: Memories fade, witnesses pass away, and evidence corrodes or is thrown out. In the view of Holes’s superiors, his time is therefore better spent on keeping the public safe in the present. Holes does not discount The Human Impact of Crime, but he does view it through a different lens: Compassion for the victims and their families rather than an abstract commitment to public service drives him. A desire to obtain justice and to restore a bit of peace and closure to those impacted by the EARONS’s crimes causes Holes to feel that the investigation is far from futile.

The mental stimulation of solving the puzzle also motivates Holes and sometimes leads him to suppress his emotions. However, the sudden and tragic death of Ray Giacomelli illustrates that no matter how adept Holes becomes at shutting down his feelings in conjunction with his job, it is impossible to do so completely. Holes not only admired and respected Giacomelli as a mentor but also cared about him as a true friend. Holes also grieves for Conaty’s loss of his partner and for law enforcement’s loss of a skilled detective. Giacomelli’s death reminds readers of the danger involved in Holes’s work by showing that even skilled and seasoned detectives can make small mistakes that can be costly. This is another facet of the theme of The Human Impact of Crime.

Holes’s personal life once again proves tumultuous throughout this section, underscoring the theme of The Work-Life Balance Struggle. In hindsight, he is able to assess his former marriage to Lori and determine much of what caused it to fail: Not only do they share differing views about fundamental aspects of life, such as religion, but Lori has also never been able to identify with Holes’s passion for cold cases. In keeping with his analytical and self-scrutinizing tone, Holes accepts responsibility for his own mistakes in the marriage, including his frequent absence and its detrimental effect on his relationship not only with Lori but also with his children. He longs to right this wrong by supporting and nurturing his children in any way he can. His relationship with Sherrie provides the chance for redemption. As he grows closer to Sherrie, Holes identifies the ways that they complement one another, and his realization that for the first time in his life he feels completely comfortable being himself implies that this relationship will be more successful.

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