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42 pages 1 hour read

Tommie Smith, Derrick Barnes, Dawud Anyabwile

Victory. Stand!: Raising My Fist for Justice

Nonfiction | Graphic Memoir | YA | Published in 2022

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Symbols & Motifs

Religion

Tommie Smith is very clear throughout that he believes his journey in life was brought to him by God. He mentions religion throughout the novel, connecting his opportunities and actions back to his Christian faith. Religion is an important part of his life. Much like he is connected to larger social movements, he sees himself as also connected to a larger spirituality as well.

The first mention of religion comes when Tommie mentions how, without fail, his family would travel to church each Sunday, even when they lived in Texas. As a “tight-knit” family, Tommie and his siblings take seriously the values and lessons that they learn from their parents. Their parents instilled these values and lessons in part through ensuring the family’s consistent presence at church “[e]very Sunday, without fail” (22). There, Tommie listened to Black voices and Black hopes, imprinting on him the importance of representation and community. His connection to the church grows with each subsequent Sunday, and because he sees his parents emphasize the importance of this practice, he keeps it up as an adult. In college, he narrates how “[o]n the weekend, no matter how tired [he] was, [he] woke up on Sunday morning, put on something nice, and [he and Saint] would trek across campus to attend church. [Tommie] wanted to stay as close to God as possible” (113). For Tommie, attending services plays several important roles in his life. It keeps him connected to his family. Attending services is therefore grounding: Even as he gains more and more popularity as an athlete, going to church keeps him centered in his loyalty to his loved ones and community.

Tommie also makes explicit how he sees the role of religion in getting him to where he is in life. When he attends the march in solidarity with John Lewis and others injured going from Selma to Montgomery, he is “certain that God had placed [him] in that race and on that road with those students purposefully” (131). Likewise, even after being forced to leave the Olympics and end his career as a runner, Tommie concludes the novel by emphasizing, “God had a plan for me” (201). He carries a deep trust in his faith and finds some closure in eventually being recognized for his efforts.

Family

In Tommie’s youth, in facing poverty and oppression within a racist society, he finds strength and solace in his family. Throughout the novel, no matter how far he gets his from his family, whether it’s just a short ride away to San Jose State or across the world, Tommie thinks of his family often. These recurring references make family an important motif that interacts with the broader sense of community that Tommie begins to feel as he becomes as activist. His family provides inspiration and grounds him in his roots. The values present in Tommie’s family life also recur throughout the novel via Tommie’s commitment to working hard, to his Christian faith, and to taking advantage of every opportunity life offers him.

The role that family will play in the novel is established early on. The novel opens with an image of a young Tommie and then quickly cuts to an entire page of his family members, including the names of each of his 12 siblings. He emphasizes the importance of family to enduring hardship: “We were poor—but together we were plenty” (9). He deeply respects the work that his parents do to care for their dozen children. This is evident in how he describes his mother as “ach[ing] and pained in silence […] She was so strong. So kind. So appreciated and loved dearly” (11). His father is someone he sees as full of “stamina and endurance” (14). These role models reflect Tommie’s own willingness to work through the pain he experiences when he pulls a muscle in the Olympics in 1968 and even his track training in general. Just as they worked hard, he will work hard. Moreover, their endurance is symbolic of the endurance that many Black Americans had as they dealt with harsh conditions and unfair treatment. For Tommie, so much of his desire for the world to be better comes from understanding that members of his family were enslaved and then, when they were freed, became sharecroppers still laboring on someone else’s land.

Tommie’s love for his family is also exemplified in his pride at having built on their survival and wisdom. In his adulthood, he reflects on how he is an extension of his family: With his family behind him, he has made it “[f]rom the cotton fields of Texas and California…to an Olympic field in Mexico…and a gold medal with a green ribbon around [his] neck” (175). He never forgets where he comes from, and he is both humbled by the opportunities that he has made for himself and proud to be able to represent his family in seizing those opportunities. He recalls often his promise to his father that he would always come in first, and Tommie does, in the biggest competition in the world. Even afterward, Tommie continues to emphasize the importance of family in his life, pointing to when his son comes to live with him and when he marries his second wife, who “brought [him] peace” (193).

Nonviolent Protest

Throughout the novel, Tommie weaves in the story of a number of nonviolent protest activities, offering readers the context for what led to his actions at the 1968 Olympics. While there were movements that allowed the use of force during this time, Tommie specifically highlights those that were nonviolent, which illustrates how he took his inspiration from leaders like Martin Luther King, Jr. and John Lewis. These two well-known activists, in the examples that Smith gives, centered nonviolence in their activities. Likewise, their actions provide a template for how Tommie developed as an activist, offering insight into the decisions that he would later make.

Lewis’s involvement in the march from Selma to Montgomery, Alabama, in which he and others were accosted by law enforcement officers, is a central moment to Tommie’s career as an activist. First, Tommie himself becomes involved in the marches that spin off in honor of the one in Alabama. When the leader of the San Jose State march points out Tommie as a world record holder, “[i]t felt odd for everyone to look at” him, “[b]ut it also felt strangely empowering” (130). Tommie starts to get a sense of the ways in which he can lend his skills to the movement and the ways in which student athletes can have voices, even through their sports. Second, Tommie emphasizes that when their march encountered protesters who called them derogatory names, “we did not respond. We kept moving forward, marched with dignity, peaceful and unified, without altercation” (133). The emphasis on nonviolent protests carries through to how Tommie chooses to embody his largest act of protest. He and John Carlos do not make any specific movements beyond raising their fists; they do not engage in violence when they are sent home. Tommie uses other moments of peaceful protest and activism throughout the novel to help build up the inspiration and context that he needs to show how and why he and John Carlos chose to act as they did in the manner that they did while at the Olympics.

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