33 pages • 1 hour read
Colson WhiteheadA modern alternative to SparkNotes and CliffsNotes, SuperSummary offers high-quality Study Guides with detailed chapter summaries and analysis of major themes, characters, and more.
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Mark Spitz is the protagonist and central narrative figure of the novel. Prior to the Last Night, he worked in New York City in Customer Relationship Management for a coffee company. His career counselor in college informed him that this job would be perfect for him, as it required no actual skill at all. He excelled at his job, earning commendations from his superiors in the company. Whereas his former life was marked by mediocrity, “the [post-apocalyptic] world was [also] mediocre, rendering him perfect” (183). When the virus spread, Mark discovered that while he was not particularly exceptional for much of his life, he had a special knack for survival, a latent skill prior to the Last Night but that eventually became utterly essential.
After the Last Night, Mark survived several months on his own, moving through various human settlements until he finally got picked up by the National Guard and was brought to Camp Screaming Eagle, and then Happy Acres. During his time at Happy Acres, he grew restless and experienced PASD (Post-Apocalyptic Stress Disorder), leading him to volunteer for more active field duties as a distraction. Eventually, this led him to become a sweeper at Fort Wonton, as part of team Omega. Of his team, Mark appears to be the most sensitive to the skels and frequently exhibits sympathy towards their conditions. His sensitivity to their former humanity leads him to hesitate during emergency situations but his instinct for survival always seems to kick in at the last minute. His team seems to recognize his survival instinct as well, as Kaitlyn frequently entrusts him with important tasks, noting once, “Because he [of all people] knows how to walk in a straight line” (149).
The novel never reveals Mark’s true name. However, when Gary becomes infected, Mark tells him the story behind his nickname. Mark earned his nickname through his impulsive decision to fire onto a group of skels instead of fleeing by water with his team. He lied to his team, telling them that he did not join them in that moment because he could not swim. They nicknamed him Mark Spitz, after the Olympic swimmer, as an ironic joke. Mark’s lie hid the truth behind his risky move, which was a belief that “he would not die” (181). In such cases, Mark demonstrates a much deeper instinct to survive than is apparent to his peers and expresses an internal life that he feels he must conceal from the others.
The Lieutenant is the highest-ranking official at Fort Wonton, a military base forged in what was once New York City’s Chinatown. He presides over all the soldiers and civilians residing within the base and is the main point of contact between Zone One and the officials in Buffalo. Throughout the novel, the Lieutenant appears only in Mark’s flashbacks as he was in Buffalo during the three days leading to the fall of Fort Wonton and killed himself before he had the opportunity to return.
The Lieutenant’s death proves to be a shock to team Omega, who have grown fond of their leader. An eccentric man, his unlikely compassion for the stragglers endears him to Mark. Upon first meeting the Lieutenant, Mark was taken aback by the Lieutenant’s tangents and jokey demeanor as the leader prodded the recruit about his favorite type of cloud. The Lieutenant seemed skeptical about their mission, although his position demanded that he relay the circumstances convincingly. He lamented that official orders to kill the stragglers, the remaining non-hostile skels, have turned everyone into “batshit killing machines” (122). He described the stragglers as “mistakes” and that their crimes were only that “They don’t do what they’re supposed to” (119), suggesting that their lack of hostility should demand some sympathy.
During team Omega’s impromptu memorial for the Lieutenant, Kaitlyn recalls the Lieutenant’s actions during a mission to sweep the subway tunnels. The Lieutenant had decided to accompany team Omega, instead of the other team, despite his instincts that they were headed towards danger. While the Lieutenant had expressed his regrets about his decision, Mark wagers that their leader chose to go with Omega that day because he had decided “To save those who could be saved” (263). Tasked with making tough decisions such as this, the Lieutenant possessed his own secret burdens that only became apparent in hindsight to those around him. As a result, his suicide was a large indication for Mark of all hope for reconstruction lost.
A member of team Omega, Gary is described as having “granite complexion, [and] gray and pitted skin” (26) and looking no better than the skels they encounter. He had been chastised by previous superiors about his dirty appearance, but he refuses to keep clean. He defends his unkempt appearance as it came from working at his father’s garage after dropping out of school, and he desired to maintain his “original grime” (27) as a sweeper.
Gary generally earns Mark’s disapproval with the flagrant ways in which he treats the skels. During their sweeps, Gary takes special glee in the violence that he enacts towards the skels. He is a frequent instigator of the game “Name that Bloodstain!” to commemorate the bloody aftermaths of the team’s kills. Before joining Omega, Gary had followed the examples of Marines before him, who took pleasure in mutilating and beheading the skels. His behavior eventually leads to his demise when a joke with a seemingly-harmless straggler goes awry and he gets bit. He dies before his transformation into a skel.
Despite Gary’s inappropriate behavior, Mark possesses affection for his teammate. Gary is known for broadcasting his lavish plans of moving to a Spanish island after the reconstruction efforts are complete in Zone One. When Gary dies, Mark finds an image of Corsica, France in his departed friend’s hand. Mark is bemused by this image as Gary had unwittingly been holding onto a picture of the wrong country the whole time. The image suggests that despite Gary’s rough exterior, his silly hope to live on an island shows a level of humanity that the current world does not permit.
As the final member of team Omega, Kaitlyn is a former sorority girl and twice-elected student council secretary whose privileged upbringing makes her an unlikely candidate for survival after the Last Night. Mark remarks that it often appears as if “she should have been braiding the hair of one of her fellow sorority pledges” (56) instead of killing skels. However, Kaitlyn’s Last Night story seems to show another side of her that has enabled her to get so far. During an impromptu birthday party for Kaitlyn, she reveals that on the Last Night she was returning home from visiting her college friends in Lancaster, Pennsylvania. She had decided to take the train, as she wanted to see more of the country. Partway home, the train was halted due to an altercation in another train car. She learned later, when the National Guard arrived, that an infected person had spread the virus to several others on the train. The National Guard quarantined the entire train in the attempt to deal with the infection, but their forces fell apart soon after. When Kaitlyn found her moment, she ran. Her youthful athleticism, coupled with an inner determination to survive, led her to Zone One.
At times, Kaitlyn entertains the idea of hope not just for the promise of physical reconstruction but the restoration of faith in humanity. She postulates that maybe one day “we can unsee the monsters again” (296). Despite her cool-headed demeanor, the depraved behavior she witnessed on the train during her Last Night and all the ensuing violence have incited a strong desire in her for the rebirth of humanity. During Omega’s memorial for the departed Lieutenant, Kaitlyn declares that she is committed to her work in Zone One because she believes “there’s something worth bringing back” (269). While she does not specify what this new hope may be, she still insists on it.
In Mark’s last encounter with Kaitlyn, she volunteers to look over Gary while Mark sends for help. When Mark returns to look for Kaitlyn after the fall of Fort Wonton, he is relieved to know that his team member’s instincts have sent her running again. He compares their departure from one another to the passing of people in large cities, sentimentally summarizing Kaitlyn’s absence in the following way: “You just missed each other” (314).
By Colson Whitehead